{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:24:07Z","timestamp":1790033047876,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7184,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T06:22:09Z","timestamp":1081837329000},"page":"572-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Risk factors for severe malaria in Bamako, Mali: a matched case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Innocent","family":"Safeukui-Noubissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Ranque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belco","family":"Poudiougou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modibo","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diamori","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou","family":"Diakit\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamadou B.","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marouf M.","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Dessein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ogobara K.","family":"Doumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(91)90096-7","article-title":"Why do some African children develop severe malaria?","volume":"7","author":"Greenwood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075247","article-title":"Malaria\u2014a neglected disease?","volume":"104","author":"Marsh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90170-2","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity from malaria among children in a rural area of The Gambia","volume":"81","author":"Greenwood","year":"1987","journal-title":"West Africa, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB4","first-page":"189","article-title":"Hospital-based surveillance of malaria-related paediatric morbidity and mortality in Kinshasa","volume":"67","author":"Greenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Zaire, Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00342.x","article-title":"Cerebral malaria and immunogenetics","volume":"22","author":"Mazier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3715","article-title":"Parasite virulence and disease patterns in Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"91","author":"Gupta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB7","first-page":"R1","article-title":"An analysis of malaria parasite rates in infants: 40\u00a0years after McDonald\u2014a response","volume":"88","author":"Greenwood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trop. Dis. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90176-3","article-title":"For a few parasites more: inoculum size, vector control and strain specific immunity to malaria","volume":"8","author":"Lines","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00184-4","article-title":"Socio-economic and environmental protective\/risk factors for severe malaria in Thailand","volume":"78","author":"Nacher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90378-0","article-title":"Chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with severity of disease in Nigerian children","volume":"96","author":"Olumese","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1981.11748067","article-title":"The influence of dietary protein on the development of malaria","volume":"1","author":"Edirisinghe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000448","article-title":"Intestinal helminths and malnutrition are independently associated with protection from cerebral malaria in Thailand","volume":"96","author":"Nacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.304","article-title":"Helminth infections are associated with protection from cerebral malaria and increased nitrogen derivatives concentrations in Thailand","volume":"66","author":"Nacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB14","first-page":"53","article-title":"Childhood malaria in Kinshasa (Zaire). Influence of seasons, age, environment, and family social conditions","volume":"50","author":"Mulumba","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med. Trop. (Mars)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.131","article-title":"Cerebral malaria in African children: socioeconomic risk factors in Brazzaville","volume":"50","author":"Carme","year":"1994","journal-title":"Congo, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90472-7","article-title":"Socio-economic determinants are not major risk factors for severe malaria in Gambian children","volume":"89","author":"Koram","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB17","first-page":"390","article-title":"Infection and disease: the impact of early weaning","volume":"17","author":"Victoria","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)82011-5","article-title":"Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. WHO Collaborative Study Team on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality","volume":"355","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/259309a0","article-title":"Protection of mice against Babesia and Plasmodium with BCG","volume":"259","author":"Clark","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00257-7","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin induces protective immunity against infection by Plasmodium yoelii at blood-stage depending on shifting immunity toward Th1 type and inducing protective IgG2a after the parasite infection","volume":"19","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1964.13.237","article-title":"The passive transfert of human immunity","volume":"13","author":"Mc Gregor","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.945","article-title":"Remnant lipoproteins inhibit malaria sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes","volume":"184","author":"Sinnis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2548-6_17","article-title":"Maternal lactoferrin in the urine of preterm infants. Evidence for retention of structure and function","volume":"357","author":"Knapp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.310","article-title":"A high malaria reinfection rate in children and young adults living under a low entomological inoculation rate in a periurban area of Bamako","volume":"66","author":"Sagara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mali, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080999","article-title":"Inoculum size, incubation period and severity of malaria. Analysis of data from malaria therapy records","volume":"110","author":"Glynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90401-8","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of insecticide-treated and untreated bed nets in preventing malaria in Gambian children","volume":"89","author":"D\u2019Alessandro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)91056-2","article-title":"Environmental and entomological risk factors for the development of clinical malaria among children on the Kenyan coast","volume":"92","author":"Snow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.68","article-title":"Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya","volume":"68","author":"ter Kuile","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01621.x","article-title":"Influence of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism on in vivo synthesis of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta after live yellow fever vaccination","volume":"125","author":"Hacker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1086\/517806","article-title":"In vivo synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy humans after live yellow fever vaccination","volume":"177","author":"Hacker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608013350503","article-title":"Prevention of Jarisch\u2013Herxheimer reactions by treatment with antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"335","author":"Fekade","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906153202404","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and disease severity in children with falciparum malaria","volume":"320","author":"Grau","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90024-X","article-title":"Bacteraemia complicating severe malaria in children","volume":"93","author":"Berkley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457904000851?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457904000851?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:11:55Z","timestamp":1761142315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457904000851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457904000851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for severe malaria in Bamako, Mali: a matched case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 \u00c9ditions scientifiques et m\u00e9dicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}