{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:42:35Z","timestamp":1789422155244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7031,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T15:44:01Z","timestamp":1091720641000},"page":"1102-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Requirements for Th1-dependent immunity against infection with Leishmania major"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"von Stebut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Udey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.5.1009","article-title":"Experimental leishmaniasis in humans: Review","volume":"13","author":"Melby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: Induction and regulation of T cells following infection of mice with Leishmania major","volume":"70","author":"Scott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.2.969","article-title":"A natural model of Leishmania major infection reveals a prolonged \u201csilent\u201d phase of parasite amplification in the skin before the onset of lesion formation and immunity","volume":"165","author":"Belkaid","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri933","article-title":"The immunology of susceptibility and resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume":"2","author":"Sacks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.8.3992","article-title":"CD8+ T cells are required for primary immunity in C57BL\/6\u00a0mice following low-dose, intradermal challenge with Leishmania major","volume":"168","author":"Belkaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.917307.x","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in innate immunity","volume":"173","author":"Bogdan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1981.48","article-title":"Resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in genetically susceptible BALB\/c mice","volume":"59","author":"Mitchell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80343-X","article-title":"Serial backcross mapping of multiple loci associated with resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume":"6","author":"Beebe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000076678","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to leishmanial infections: Studies in mice and man","volume":"112","author":"Blackwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3232-3239.2001","article-title":"Flow cytometric determination of cellular sources and frequencies of key cytokine-producing lymphocytes directed against recombinant LACK and soluble Leishmania antigen in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"69","author":"Bottrel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.2244-2246.2003","article-title":"The responses predominate during the early phases of infection in patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and precede the development of Th1 responses","volume":"71","author":"Bourreau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11101.x","article-title":"Type 1\u00a0and type 2\u00a0responses to Leishmania major","volume":"209","author":"Rogers","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000246316","article-title":"Successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis using interferon-gamma","volume":"192","author":"Kolde","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12381958","article-title":"Th1-Th2 paradigm: insights from leprosy","volume":"102","author":"Modlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.2.515","article-title":"Leishmania promastigotes selectively inhibit interleukin 12\u00a0induction in bone marrow-derived macrophages from susceptible and resistant mice","volume":"183","author":"Carrera","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230730","article-title":"Langerhans cells transport Leishmania major from the infected skin to the draining lymph node for presentation to antigen-specific T cells","volume":"23","author":"Moll","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.8.1547","article-title":"Uptake of Leishmania major amastigotes results in activation and interleukin 12\u00a0release from murine skin-derived dendritic cells: implications for the initiation of anti-Leishmania immunity","volume":"188","author":"von Stebut","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(2000012)30:12<3498::AID-IMMU3498>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Leishmania major-infected murine Langerhans cells-like dendritic cells from susceptible mice release IL-12 after infection and vaccinate against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"30","author":"von Stebut","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3800::AID-IMMU3800>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Antigen-pulsed epidermal Langerhans cells protect susceptible mice from infection with the intracellular parasite Leishmania major","volume":"28","author":"Flohe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.509","article-title":"Phagocytosis of antigens by Langerhans cells in vitro","volume":"178","author":"Reis e Sousa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021893","article-title":"CD4+ T cell polarization in mice is modulated by strain-specific major histocompatibility complex-independent differences within dendritic cells","volume":"198","author":"Filippi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4378","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4378-4383.1997","article-title":"Interleukin-12 is indispensable for protective immunity against Leishmania major","volume":"65","author":"Mattner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1819","article-title":"In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12\u00a0by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas","volume":"186","author":"Reis e Sousa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:27:2-3:489","article-title":"Development and regulation of cell-mediated immunity in experimental leishmaniasis","volume":"27","author":"Scott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1971-3_114","article-title":"Dendritic cells seclude Leishmania parasites that persist in cured mice \u2013 a role in the maintenance of T-cell memory?","volume":"378","author":"Moll","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1497","article-title":"The role of interleukin 10\u00a0in the persistence of Leishmania major in the skin after healing and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-10 receptor antibody for sterile cure","volume":"194","author":"Belkaid","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity","volume":"420","author":"Belkaid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.845","article-title":"T cell and non-T cell compartments can independently determine resistance to Leishmania major","volume":"181","author":"Shankar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.001055","article-title":"The regulation of immunity to Leishmania major","volume":"13","author":"Reiner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00278-9","article-title":"In the absence of IL-12, CD4+ T cell responses to intracellular pathogens fail to default to a Th2 pattern and are host protective in an IL-10-\/- setting","volume":"16","author":"Jankovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030159","article-title":"Interleukin 1-alpha promotes Th1 differentiation and inhibits disease progression in Leishmania major-susceptible BALB\/c mice","volume":"198","author":"von Stebut","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1708","article-title":"IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha are required for IL-12-induced development of Th1 cells producing high levels of IFN-gamma in BALB\/c but not C57BL\/6\u00a0mice","volume":"160","author":"Shibuya","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-003-0186-x","article-title":"The power of combinatorial immunology: IL-12 and IL-12-related dimeric cytokines in infectious diseases","volume":"193","author":"Holscher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.11.5890","article-title":"Genetically resistant mice lacking IL-18 gene develop Th1 response and control cutaneous Leishmania major infection","volume":"164","author":"Monteforte","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.3759","article-title":"Differential capacities of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4\u2013 CD8\u2013 T cell subsets to express IL-18 receptor and produce IFN-gamma in response to IL-18","volume":"160","author":"Tomura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00331-X","article-title":"Further checkpoints in Th1 development","volume":"16","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260722","article-title":"Genetically resistant mice lacking interleukin-12 are susceptible to infection with Leishmania major and mount a polarized Th2 cell response","volume":"26","author":"Mattner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00206-0","article-title":"WSX-1 is required for the initiation of Th1 responses and resistance to L. major infection","volume":"15","author":"Yoshida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4672","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Early IL-4 production governs the requirement for IL-27-WSX-1 signaling in the development of protective Th1 cytokine responses following Leishmania major infection","volume":"172","author":"Artis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252648899","article-title":"Disruption of T helper 2-immune responses in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3-deficient mice","volume":"99","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01169.x","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with either topical paromomycin or intralesional meglumine antimoniate","volume":"28","author":"Faghihi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(02)00222-5","article-title":"Dendritic cells as a tool to combat infectious diseases","volume":"85","author":"Moll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3171","article-title":"Dendritic cell (DC)-based protection against an intracellular pathogen is dependent upon DC-derived IL-12 and can be induced by molecularly defined antigens","volume":"170","author":"Berberich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.3890","article-title":"Dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-infective strategies: DCs engineered to secrete IL-12 are a potent vaccine in a murine model of an intracellular infection","volume":"163","author":"Ahuja","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2.5.705","article-title":"Vaccine in leishmaniasis: Advances in the last five years","volume":"2","author":"Brodskyn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S128645790400214X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S128645790400214X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:12:11Z","timestamp":1761142331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S128645790400214X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S128645790400214X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Requirements for Th1-dependent immunity against infection with Leishmania major","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}