{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:27:44Z","timestamp":1774124864683,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6819,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,14]],"date-time":"2005-04-14T09:54:58Z","timestamp":1113472498000},"page":"932-938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Plasmid DNA vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kris","family":"Huygen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1690918","article-title":"Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo","volume":"247","author":"Wolff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/356152a0","article-title":"Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response","volume":"356","author":"Tang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456302","article-title":"Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein","volume":"259","author":"Ulmer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90385-B","article-title":"Protection against lethal influenza virus challenge by immunization with a hemagglutinin-expressing plasmid DNA","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.617","article-title":"DNA vaccines","volume":"15","author":"Donnelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.927","article-title":"DNA Vaccines: Immunology, Application and Optimization","volume":"18","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.20.4268","article-title":"Patterns of intracellular compartmentalization, trafficking and acidification of 5\u2032-fluorescein labeled phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in HL60 cells","volume":"22","author":"Tonkinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2879","article-title":"CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-\u03b3","volume":"93","author":"Klinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076071","article-title":"Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells","volume":"298","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2948-2953.2000","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and interleukin-12 improve the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in mice challenged with M. tuberculosis","volume":"68","author":"Freidag","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.370-389.2004","article-title":"DNA vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the past decade","volume":"17","author":"Giri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.1998.0196","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding secreted and non-secreted forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85A","volume":"79","author":"Baldwin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tubercle Lung Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4780","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4780-4786.1999","article-title":"Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines expressing tuberculosis proteins fused to tissue plasminogen activator signal sequences","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0896-893","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine","volume":"2","author":"Huygen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.3854-3860.2000","article-title":"Tuberculosis DNA vaccine encoding Ag85A is immunogenic and protective when administered by intramuscular needle injection, but not by epidermal gene gun bombardment","volume":"68","author":"Tanghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2951-2959.1998","article-title":"Evaluation of new vaccines in the mouse and guinea pig model of tuberculosis","volume":"66","author":"Baldwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3689::AID-IMMU3689>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Control of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is dependent on CD8 T cells","volume":"30","author":"van Pinxteren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1527-1533.1998","article-title":"Vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial antigen 85A stimulates a CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopic repertoire broader than that stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection","volume":"66","author":"Denis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.12.5921","article-title":"Functions and specificity of T cells following nucleic acid vaccination of mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"158","author":"Zhu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6913","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.6913","article-title":"Induction of in vivo functional Db restricted cytolytic T cell activity against a putative phosphate transport receptor of M. tuberculosis","volume":"172","author":"Romano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6463","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6463","article-title":"Identification of major epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B that are recognized by HLA-A*0201 restricted CD8+ T cells in HLA-transgenic mice and humans","volume":"165","author":"Geluk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.11.1669","article-title":"Specificity of CD8+ T cells from subunit-vaccinated and infected H-2b mice recognizing the 38\u00a0kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3041-3047.2001","article-title":"Improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine encoding Ag85 by protein boosting","volume":"69","author":"Tanghe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3681-3688.2002","article-title":"Improved tuberculosis DNA vaccines by formulation in cationic lipids","volume":"70","author":"D'Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.240-248.2002","article-title":"Bacterial lipoprotein-based vaccines induce tumor necrosis factor-dependent type 1 protective immunity against Leishmania major","volume":"70","author":"Cote-Sierra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0896-888","article-title":"Vaccination against tuberculosis by DNA injection","volume":"2","author":"Tascon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1613-1621.2003","article-title":"Minireview: on the use of DNA vaccines for the prophylaxis of mycobacterial diseases","volume":"71","author":"Huygen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.2941-2950.1999","article-title":"Molecular characterization and human T-cell responses to a member of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb39 gene family","volume":"67","author":"Dillon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104635","article-title":"Immunity to tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"North","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2159-2165.2002","article-title":"Vaccination of guinea pigs with DNA encoding the mycobacterial antigen MPB83 influences pulmonary pathology but not hematogenous spread following aerogenic infection with Mycobacterium bovis","volume":"70","author":"Chambers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7618","article-title":"Differential immune responses and protective efficacy induced by components of a tuberculosis polyprotein vaccine, Mtb72F, delivered as naked DNA or recombinant protein","volume":"172","author":"Skeiky","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1702-1707.1999","article-title":"Differential protective efficacy of DNA vaccines expressing secreted proteins of M. tuberculosis","volume":"67","author":"Kamath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.292-302.2002","article-title":"DNA vaccine combinations expressing either tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence fusion proteins or ubiquitin-conjugated antigens induce sustained protective immunity in a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"70","author":"Delogu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib35","series-title":"DNA Vaccines","article-title":"Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of pBudCE4.1 Plasmids Encoding Mycolyl-transferase Ag85A and Phosphate Transport Receptor PstS-3 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis","author":"Romano","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.1.575-579.2003","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by vaccination with an alphavirus plasmid replicon expressing antigen 85A","volume":"71","author":"Kirman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00703.x","article-title":"Co-immunization with DNA vaccines expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and mycobacterial proteins enhances T-cell immunity, but not protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis","volume":"96","author":"Kamath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.1949-1956.2002","article-title":"Coexpression of interleukin-12 chains by a self-splicing vector increases the protective cellular immune response of DNA and Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"70","author":"Palendira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/89289","article-title":"Apoptosis-mediated enhancement of DNA-raised immune responses by mutant caspases","volume":"19","author":"Sasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00289-X","article-title":"Improved cellular and humoral immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens after intramuscular DNA immunisation combined with muscle electroporation","volume":"20","author":"Tollefsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01218.x","article-title":"DNA injection in combination with electroporation: a novel method for vaccination of farmed ruminants","volume":"57","author":"Tollefsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00138.x","article-title":"Progress in DNA-based heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies for malaria","volume":"199","author":"Moore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib43","series-title":"Vaccine","article-title":"Improved Immunogenicity of a Tuberculosis DNA Vaccine Encoding ESAT6 by DNA Priming and Protein Boosting","author":"Qingmin","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-9792(03)00055-6","article-title":"Vaccination with DNA vaccines encoding MPB70 or MPB83 or MPB70 DNA prime-protein boost does not protect cattle against bovine tuberculosis","volume":"83","author":"Wedlock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/nm881","article-title":"Enhanced T-cell immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines boosted by recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara in humans","volume":"9","author":"McConkey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib46","first-page":"23","article-title":"Prime-boost immunization strategies for infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"McShane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00109-8","article-title":"Protective efficacy against tuberculosis of ESAT-6 secreted by a live Salmonella typhimurium vaccine carrier and expressed by naked DNA","volume":"19","author":"Mollenkopf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6357","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.10.6357","article-title":"Single mucosal, but not parenteral immunization with recombinant adenoviral-based vaccine provides potent protection from pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.4174-4176.2001","article-title":"Priming by DNA immunization augments protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG against tuberculosis","volume":"69","author":"Feng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2455::AID-IMMU2455>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"CD4+ T cells contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the absence of CD8+ T cells, in mice vaccinated with DNA encoding Ag85A","volume":"30","author":"D'Souza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01589.x","article-title":"A DNA prime-live vaccine boost strategy in mice can augment IFN-\u03b3 responses to mycobacterial antigens but does not increase the protective efficacy of two attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis against bovine tuberculosis","volume":"108","author":"Skinner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.4901-4907.2003","article-title":"A DNA prime-Mycobacterium bovis BCG boost vaccination for cattle induces protection against bovine tuberculosis","volume":"71","author":"Skinner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/22326","article-title":"Therapy of tuberculosis in mice by DNA vaccination","volume":"400","author":"Lowrie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1706-1709.2000","article-title":"Effective preexposure tuberculosis vaccines fail to protect when they are given in an immunotherapeutic mode","volume":"68","author":"Turner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00056-0","article-title":"Technical and regulatory hurdles for DNA vaccines","volume":"33","author":"Donnelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457905000985?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457905000985?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:13:31Z","timestamp":1761142411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457905000985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457905000985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasmid DNA vaccination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}