{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:24:37Z","timestamp":1790904277214,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4475,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,2]],"date-time":"2011-06-02T11:03:03Z","timestamp":1307012583000},"page":"923-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Multiple loci variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) of Mycobacterium leprae isolates amplified from European archaeological human remains with lepromatous leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Michael Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen D.","family":"Donoghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Undersogelser angaende spedalskhedens aasager","volume":"4","author":"Hansen","year":"1874","journal-title":"Norsk Magazin for Laegervidenskaben"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.12.001","article-title":"The innate immune response in leprosy","volume":"22","author":"Modlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61l","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(89)90026-5","article-title":"Infections in palaeopathology: the basis of classification according to most probable cause","volume":"16","author":"Rogers","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib4","series-title":"Bone Changes in Leprosy","author":"M\u00f8ller-Christensen","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib5","series-title":"The Past and Present of Leprosy, Archaeological, Historical, Palaeopathological and Clinical Approaches","first-page":"135","article-title":"Vilhelm M\u00f8ller-Christensen: his work and legacy","volume":"vol. 1054","author":"Bennike","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/35059006","article-title":"Massive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus","volume":"409","author":"Cole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib7","first-page":"399","article-title":"The microbial physiologist\u2019s guide to the leprosy genome","volume":"72","author":"Wheeler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1126\/science\/1109759","article-title":"On the origin of leprosy","volume":"308","author":"Monot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib9","article-title":"Phylogeography of leprosy","volume":"41","author":"Monot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12422","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012422","article-title":"Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA from archaeological skeletal remains in Japan using whole genome amplification and polymerase chain reaction","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4931","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.4931-4936.2004","article-title":"Microsatellite mapping of Mycobacterium leprae populations in infected humans","volume":"42","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5221","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5221-5229.2005","article-title":"Diversity of potential short tandem repeats in Mycobacterium leprae and application for molecular typing","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02021-08","article-title":"Population-based molecular epidemiology of leprosy in Cebu, Philippines","volume":"47","author":"Sakamuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2966","article-title":"Co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae in human archaeological samples: a possible explanation for the historical decline of leprosy","volume":"272","author":"Donoghue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5375.402","article-title":"Molecular coproscopy: dung and diet of the extinct ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis","volume":"281","author":"Poinar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2006.02.008","article-title":"Variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) typing of two cases of lepromatous leprosy from the archaeological record","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2009.06.026","article-title":"Mycobacterium leprae genotype amplified from an archaeological case of lepromatous leprosy in Central Asia","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5482.1139b","article-title":"Ancient DNA: do it right or not at all","volume":"289","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.29.1.217","article-title":"Ancient DNA studies in physical anthropology","volume":"29","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib20","first-page":"121","article-title":"Mycobacterium leprae typing by genomic diversity and global distribution of genotypes","volume":"68","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.80.3.322","article-title":"Various genotypes of Mycobacterium leprae from Mexico reveal distinct geographic distribution","volume":"80","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4535-4538.2000","article-title":"Variable numbers of TTC repeats in Mycobacterium leprae DNA from leprosy patients and use in strain differentiation","volume":"38","author":"Shin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1666-1672.2004","article-title":"Multiple polymorphic loci for molecular typing of Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"42","author":"Groathouse","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00239-08","article-title":"Are variable tandem repeats appropriate for genotyping Mycobacterium leprae?","volume":"46","author":"Monot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000214","article-title":"Use of short tandem repeat sequences to study Mycobacterium leprae in leprosy patients in Malawi and India","volume":"2","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04076.x","article-title":"Encoded errors: mutations and rearrangements mediated by misalignment at repetitive DNA sequences","volume":"52","author":"Lovett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib27","first-page":"408","article-title":"DNA metabolism in Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"72","author":"Dawes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib28","series-title":"Molecular Genetics of Mycobacteria","first-page":"159","article-title":"DNA replication","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2558-2565.2004","article-title":"Genotypic variation and stability of four variable-number tandem repeats and their suitability for discriminating strains of Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"42","author":"Truman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.80.3.250","article-title":"Characterisation of short tandem repeats for genotyping Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"80","author":"Gillis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib31","first-page":"111","article-title":"The paleopathology of specific infectious diseases from Southeastern Hungary: a brief overview","volume":"53","author":"P\u00e1lfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Szeged."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib32","first-page":"169","article-title":"Health status of the Kovuklukaya (Boyabat\/Sinop) people and its relations with their lifestyle","volume":"17","author":"Erdal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anadolu Arast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib33","unstructured":"H.D. Donoghue, P. Velem\u00ednsky, J. Likovsky, V. Garcin, G.M. Taylor, Characterisation and quantification of Mycobacterium leprae DNA from archaeological material. In: 17th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Copenhagen 25\u201327th August. Paleopathology Newsletter Supplement), 2008. p. 19. ISSN: 0148-4737."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib34","series-title":"The Past and Present of Leprosy, Archaeological, Historical, Palaeopathological and Clinical Approaches","first-page":"205","article-title":"Historical and palaeopathological evidence of leprosy in Hungary","volume":"vol. 1054","author":"P\u00e1lfi","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003_bib35","series-title":"The Past and Present of Leprosy, Archaeological, Historical, Palaeopathological and Clinical Approaches","first-page":"271","article-title":"Mycobacterium leprae in archaeological specimens","volume":"vol. 1054","author":"Donoghue","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457911001237?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457911001237?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:27:47Z","timestamp":1761143267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457911001237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457911001237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multiple loci variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) of Mycobacterium leprae isolates amplified from European archaeological human remains with lepromatous leprosy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}