{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:32:59Z","timestamp":1791142379000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4352,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,10]],"date-time":"2011-09-10T07:15:20Z","timestamp":1315638920000},"page":"97-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["New insights into the biological effects of anthrax toxins: linking cellular to organismal responses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Annabel","family":"Guichard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Nizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Bier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib1","unstructured":"R. Koch (Ed.), Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen, Zweiter Band, Zweites Heft, Breslau, 1876."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib2","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Compte-rendu sommaire des exp\u00e9riences faites \u00e0 Pouilly-le-Fort, pr\u00e8s Melun, sur la vaccination charbonneuse","volume":"92","author":"Pasteur","year":"1881","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Summary report of the experiments conducted at Pouilly-le-Fort, near Melun, on anthrax vaccination","volume":"75","author":"Pasteur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib4","first-page":"101","article-title":"Louis Pasteur \u2013 his contribution to anthrax, vaccination and the evolution of a principle of active immunization","volume":"21","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1923","journal-title":"Cal. State J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.06.004","article-title":"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: a short history of anthrax","volume":"30","author":"Schwartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6312-3","article-title":"Anthrax vaccines: Pasteur to the present","volume":"63","author":"Scorpio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib7","series-title":"Le charbon et la vaccination charbonneuse d\u2019apr\u00e8s les travaux r\u00e9cents de M. Pasteur","year":"1883"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib8","first-page":"101","article-title":"Charbon et septic\u00e9mie","volume":"85","author":"Pasteur","year":"1877","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib9","first-page":"533","article-title":"Sur la toxine charbonneuse","volume":"9","author":"Marmier","year":"1895","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. Pasteur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib10","first-page":"270","article-title":"Untersuchungen uber naturliche and kunstliche Milzbrandimmunitat. XI. Erster Bericht uber Milzbrandschutzimpfugen on Schafen","volume":"37","author":"Bail","year":"1904","journal-title":"Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. Abt I, Orig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/80.1.14","article-title":"Studies on infection with Bacillus anthracis; II. The immunological and tissue damaging properties of extracts prepared from lesions of B. anthracis infections","volume":"80","author":"Cromartie","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib12","first-page":"262","article-title":"Untersuchungen uber naturliche and kunstliche Milzbrandimmunitat","volume":"36","author":"Bail","year":"1904","journal-title":"Zentrabl. Bakteriol. Parassiten. Infektionskr. I. rig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib13","first-page":"394","article-title":"Immunity to anthrax: protective antigen present in cell-free culture filtrates","volume":"27","author":"Gladstone","year":"1946","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00147","article-title":"Discovery of the anthrax toxin: the beginning of studies of virulence determinants regulated in\u00a0vivo","volume":"291","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib15","first-page":"49","article-title":"Purification of factor I and recognition of a third factor of the anthrax toxin","volume":"26","author":"Stanley","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.12.004","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: the long and\u00a0winding road that leads to the kill","volume":"13","author":"Abrami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2000.00057.x","article-title":"Translocation of Bacillus anthracis lethal and oedema factors across endosome membranes","volume":"2","author":"Guidi-Rontani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01480.x","article-title":"Imaging the cell entry of the anthrax oedema and lethal toxins with fluorescent protein chimeras","volume":"12","author":"Zornetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.734","article-title":"Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor","volume":"280","author":"Duesbery","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073163","article-title":"Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition","volume":"297","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9040","article-title":"Anthrax lethal factor cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs and induces tyrosine\/threonine phosphorylation of MAPKs in cultured macrophages","volume":"248","author":"Vitale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.006","article-title":"The anthrax lethal factor and its MAPK kinase-specific metalloprotease activity","volume":"30","author":"Tonello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13165","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900080200","article-title":"Selectivity of docking sites in MAPK kinases","volume":"284","author":"Bardwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.10.3162","article-title":"Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells","volume":"79","author":"Leppla","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.06.001","article-title":"The adenylyl cyclase activity of anthrax edema factor","volume":"30","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5405","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601408","article-title":"Cell entry and cAMP imaging of anthrax edema toxin","volume":"25","author":"Dal Molin","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.09.012","article-title":"cAMP imaging of cells treated with pertussis toxin, cholera toxin, and anthrax edema toxin","volume":"376","author":"Dal Molin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061891","article-title":"Manipulation of host signalling pathways by anthrax toxins","volume":"402","author":"Turk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142728","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: receptor binding, internalization, pore formation, and translocation","volume":"76","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.3.5.843","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: structures, functions and tumour targeting","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-004-0028-2","article-title":"Anthrax toxins","volume":"152","author":"Mourez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.091208.073255","article-title":"What sets Bacillus anthracis apart from other Bacillus species?","volume":"63","author":"Kolsto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000461","article-title":"Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"2","author":"Van Ert","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.005","article-title":"Animal models of human anthrax: the quest for the Holy Grail","volume":"30","author":"Goossens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib35","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Value of field data for extrapolation in anthrax","volume":"26","author":"Lincoln","year":"1967","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700730219","article-title":"The pathogenesis of anthrax following the administration of spores by the respiratory route","volume":"73","author":"Ross","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.6.2291","article-title":"Pathology of inhalational anthrax in 42 cases from the Sverdlovsk outbreak of 1979","volume":"90","author":"Abramova","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880337","article-title":"Quantitative pathology of inhalational anthrax I: quantitative microscopic findings","volume":"14","author":"Grinberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib39","first-page":"457","article-title":"Human inhalation anthrax. A report of three fatal cases","volume":"36","author":"Albrink","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00009","article-title":"Systematic review: a century of inhalational anthrax cases from 1900 to 2005","volume":"144","author":"Holty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.11.035","article-title":"Anthrax: a systematic review of atypical presentations","volume":"48","author":"Holty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604","article-title":"Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Jernigan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib43","first-page":"336","article-title":"On the histopathology of experimental anthrax in the guinea-pig","volume":"36","author":"Ross","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/173869a0","article-title":"Observations on experimental anthrax; demonstration of a specific lethal factor produced in vivo by Bacillus anthracis","volume":"173","author":"Smith","year":"1954","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib45","first-page":"982","article-title":"The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation","volume":"122","author":"Zaucha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/116.3.377","article-title":"The pathogenesis of the lethal effect of anthrax toxin in the rat","volume":"116","author":"Beall","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/112.3.226","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo effects of Bacillus anthracis culture filtrates","volume":"112","author":"Eckert","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61218-7","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis edema toxin causes extensive tissue lesions and rapid lethality in mice","volume":"167","author":"Firoved","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01781-06","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin sensitizes DBA\/2J mice to lethal toxin","volume":"75","author":"Firoved","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17991","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induces TNF-alpha-independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice","volume":"112","author":"Moayeri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1266-1272.2006","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin induces ketotifen-sensitive intradermal vascular leakage in certain inbred mice","volume":"74","author":"Gozes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1086\/510856","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis edema and lethal toxin have different hemodynamic effects but function together to worsen shock and outcome in a rat model","volume":"195","author":"Cui","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R699","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00593.2003","article-title":"Lethality during continuous anthrax lethal toxin infusion is associated with circulatory shock but not inflammatory cytokine or nitric oxide release in rats","volume":"286","author":"Cui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.7006-7010.2005","article-title":"Pathophysiological manifestations in mice exposed to anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"73","author":"Culley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000456","article-title":"The heart is an early target of anthrax lethal toxin in mice: a protective role for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)","volume":"5","author":"Moayeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01632-06","article-title":"Contributions of histamine, prostanoids, and neurokinins to edema elicited by edema toxin from Bacillus anthracis","volume":"75","author":"Tessier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002964","article-title":"Anthrax toxins inhibit neutrophil signaling pathways in brain endothelium and contribute to the pathogenesis of meningitis","volume":"3","author":"van Sorge","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000466","article-title":"Anthrax toxins induce shock in rats by depressed cardiac ventricular function","volume":"2","author":"Watson","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4670","DOI":"10.2741\/2416","article-title":"Lethal and edema toxins of anthrax induce distinct hemodynamic dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Watson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib60","first-page":"691","article-title":"Pathology of experimental inhalation anthrax in the rhesus monkey","volume":"73","author":"Fritz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400044272","article-title":"Observations on the prophylaxis of experimental pulmonary anthrax in the monkey","volume":"54","author":"Henderson","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Hyg. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/118.1.97","article-title":"Neurological and physiological responses of the primate to anthrax infection","volume":"118","author":"Klein","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051330","article-title":"Sepsis and pathophysiology of anthrax in a nonhuman primate model","volume":"169","author":"Stearns-Kurosawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000080599.43791.01","article-title":"Pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"83","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib65","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Experimental inhalation anthrax in the chimpanzee","volume":"35","author":"Albrink","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1126\/science.138.3547.1331","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: causative agent in the death of rhesus monkeys","volume":"138","author":"Klein","year":"1962","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.10.3472-3477.1991","article-title":"Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"59","author":"Pezard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041557","article-title":"Anthrax toxins suppress T lymphocyte activation by disrupting antigen receptor signaling","volume":"201","author":"Paccani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01712-06","article-title":"Murine innate immune response to virulent toxigenic and nontoxigenic Bacillus anthracis strains","volume":"75","author":"Drysdale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.027","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging technologies reveal edema toxin as a key virulence factor in anthrax","volume":"178","author":"Dumetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09446","article-title":"Anthrax toxins cooperatively inhibit endocytic recycling by the Rab11\/Sec15 exocyst","volume":"467","author":"Guichard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.10.004","article-title":"Anthrax toxin targeting of myeloid cells through the CMG2 receptor is essential for establishment of Bacillus anthracis infections in mice","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905409106","article-title":"Capillary morphogenesis protein-2 is the major receptor mediating lethality of anthrax toxin in\u00a0vivo","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399406010714","article-title":"New insights into the functions of anthrax toxin","volume":"8","author":"Banks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.2741\/3544","article-title":"Pathophysiology of anthrax","volume":"14","author":"Frankel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.003","article-title":"Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin","volume":"30","author":"Moayeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.06.002","article-title":"Anthrax toxins: a weapon to systematically dismantle the host immune defenses","volume":"30","author":"Tournier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030076","article-title":"Primary involvement of pharynx and peyer's patch in inhalational and intestinal anthrax","volume":"3","author":"Glomski","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1724","article-title":"Nalp1b controls mouse macrophage susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"38","author":"Boyden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01502-1","article-title":"Anthrax lethal factor cleaves MKK3 in macrophages and inhibits the LPS\/IFNgamma-induced release of NO and TNFalpha","volume":"462","author":"Pellizzari","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.85.5.1032-1038.1963","article-title":"Dual nature of resistance mechanisms as revealed by studies of anthrax septicemia","volume":"85","author":"Klein","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.51.3.795-800.1986","article-title":"Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis","volume":"51","author":"Welkos","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001222","article-title":"Inflammasome sensor Nlrp1b-dependent resistance to anthrax is mediated by caspase-1, IL-1 signaling and neutrophil recruitment","volume":"6","author":"Moayeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903114","article-title":"Cutting edge: resistance to Bacillus anthracis infection mediated by a lethal toxin sensitive allele of Nalp1b\/Nlrp1b","volume":"184","author":"Terra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000906","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000906","article-title":"Susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin-induced rat death is controlled by a single chromosome 10 locus that includes rNlrp1","volume":"6","author":"Newman","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00275-06","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin impairs innate immune functions of alveolar macrophages and facilitates Bacillus anthracis survival","volume":"74","author":"Ribot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800105105","article-title":"Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00839-08","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis edema toxin impairs neutrophil actin-based motility","volume":"77","author":"Szarowicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19781","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700128200","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin inhibits endothelial cell chemotaxis via Epac and Rap1","volume":"282","author":"Hong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00840.x","article-title":"Anthrax toxins inhibit immune cell chemotaxis by perturbing chemokine receptor signalling","volume":"9","author":"Paccani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01794","article-title":"Impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"424","author":"Agrawal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2008.0760","article-title":"Suppression of dendritic cell activation by anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin depends on multiple factors including cell source, stimulus used, and function tested","volume":"27","author":"Chou","year":"2008","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8275","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8275-8281.2005","article-title":"Direct inhibition of T-lymphocyte activation by anthrax toxins in\u00a0vivo","volume":"73","author":"Comer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4934","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin cooperates with lethal toxin to impair cytokine secretion during infection of dendritic cells","volume":"174","author":"Tournier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.08.010","article-title":"Signaling pathways and genes that inhibit pathogen-induced macrophage apoptosis \u2013 CREB and NF-kappaB as key regulators","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib96","first-page":"4009","article-title":"Anthrax-associated shock","volume":"13","author":"Goldman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.2741\/3382","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: pathologic effects on the cardiovascular system","volume":"14","author":"Golden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1239CP","article-title":"Lethal and edema toxins in the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis septic shock: implications for therapy","volume":"175","author":"Sherer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.7.6.843","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of anthrax toxin-induced shock","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.04.015","article-title":"Anthrax toxin induces macrophage death by p38 MAPK inhibition but leads to inflammasome activation via ATP leakage","volume":"35","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2002.6626","article-title":"TNF receptor 1, IL-1 receptor, and iNOS genetic knockout mice are not protected from anthrax infection","volume":"292","author":"Kalns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4238-4244.2005","article-title":"Endocrine perturbation increases susceptibility of mice to anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"73","author":"Moayeri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.7.858","article-title":"Fatal inhalational anthrax with unknown source of exposure in a 61-year-old woman in New York City","volume":"287","author":"Mina","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000266535.95770.A2","article-title":"Fluid support worsens outcome and negates the benefit of protective antigen-directed monoclonal antibody in a lethal toxin-infused rat Bacillus anthracis shock model","volume":"35","author":"Sherer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62496-0","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin induces endothelial barrier dysfunction","volume":"166","author":"Warfel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712195105","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin induces cell death-independent permeability in zebrafish vasculature","volume":"105","author":"Bolcome","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.430-439.2004","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin induces human endothelial cell apoptosis","volume":"72","author":"Kirby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1119","article-title":"The cytotoxic effect of anthrax lethal toxin on human lung cells in\u00a0vitro and the protective action of bovine antibodies to PA and LF","volume":"26","author":"Paddle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1108","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01128.2010","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin has cAMP-mediated stimulatory effects and high-dose lethal toxin has depressant effects in an isolated perfused rat heart model","volume":"300","author":"Hicks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2007.12.001","article-title":"Anthrax toxin-induced shock in rats is associated with pulmonary edema and hemorrhage","volume":"44","author":"Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1086\/657408","article-title":"Anthrax lethal and edema toxins produce different patterns of cardiovascular and renal dysfunction and synergistically decrease survival in canines","volume":"202","author":"Sweeney","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5043","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00604-10","article-title":"Constitutive MEK1 activation rescues anthrax lethal toxin-induced vascular effects in\u00a0vivo","volume":"78","author":"Bolcome","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013335","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin suppresses murine cardiomyocyte contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ handling via a NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism","volume":"5","author":"Kandadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/118.1.85","article-title":"Neurological and physiological responses of the primate to anthrax toxin","volume":"118","author":"Vick","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/118.1.114","article-title":"Pathophysiological changes in the rat associated with anthrax toxin","volume":"118","author":"Fish","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.07.004","article-title":"Lethal factor is not required for Bacillus anthracis virulence in guinea pigs and rabbits","author":"Levy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.10.007","article-title":"The PAR proteins: fundamental players in animal cell polarization","volume":"13","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072161","article-title":"Composition and formation of intercellular junctions in epithelial cells","volume":"298","author":"Knust","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6693","DOI":"10.2741\/3182","article-title":"Role of Lgl\/Dlg\/Scribble in the regulation of epithelial junction, polarity and growth","volume":"13","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.12.015","article-title":"Molecular components of the adherens junction","volume":"1778","author":"Niessen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135833","article-title":"Regulation of endothelial permeability via paracellular and transcellular transport pathways","volume":"72","author":"Komarova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:46:1:65","article-title":"Organization and function of septate junctions: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"46","author":"Banerjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.017897","article-title":"The role of adherens junctions and VE-cadherin in the control of vascular permeability","volume":"121","author":"Dejana","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.01.004","article-title":"The control of vascular integrity by endothelial cell junctions: molecular basis and pathological implications","volume":"16","author":"Dejana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2009.04.007","article-title":"The exocyst complex in polarized exocytosis","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1097","article-title":"The exocyst defrocked, a framework of rods revealed","volume":"13","author":"Munson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e10-08-0720","article-title":"Actin cables and the exocyst form two independent morphogenesis pathways in the fission yeast","volume":"22","author":"Bendezu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03987","article-title":"Pathophysiological consequences of VEGF-induced vascular permeability","volume":"437","author":"Weis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.093049ab","article-title":"The Notch pathway in the developing hematopoietic system","volume":"54","author":"Bigas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2384-1-8","article-title":"Novel insights into the differential functions of Notch ligands in vascular formation","volume":"1","author":"Kume","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Angiogenes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2010.08.010","article-title":"Dynamics of endothelial cell behavior in sprouting angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Eilken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5132","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.227","article-title":"Notch signaling regulates tumor angiogenesis by diverse mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Dufraine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e06-05-0471","article-title":"Depletion of E-cadherin disrupts establishment but not maintenance of cell junctions in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells","volume":"18","author":"Capaldo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1752","article-title":"Endothelial adherens junctions control tight junctions by VE-cadherin-mediated upregulation of claudin-5","volume":"10","author":"Taddei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210198","article-title":"MKK signaling and vascularization","volume":"26","author":"Depeille","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Bier, A. Guichard, Deconstructing host\u2013pathogen interactions in Drosophila, Dis. Model Mech. 4, in press, doi:10.1242\/dmm.000406.","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.000406"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.2.401","article-title":"Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes","volume":"118","author":"Brand","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510748103","article-title":"Anthrax lethal factor and edema factor act on conserved targets in Drosophila","volume":"103","author":"Guichard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.06.010","article-title":"Sec15, a component of the exocyst, promotes notch signaling during the asymmetric division of Drosophila sensory organ precursors","volume":"9","author":"Jafar-Nejad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.07.013","article-title":"Drosophila exocyst components Sec5, Sec6, and Sec15 regulate DE-Cadherin trafficking from recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane","volume":"9","author":"Langevin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00006-11","article-title":"Contribution of lethal toxin and edema toxin to the pathogenesis of anthrax meningitis","volume":"79","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000235","article-title":"An aPKC-exocyst complex controls paxillin phosphorylation and migration through localised JNK1 activation","volume":"7","author":"Rosse","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8953","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00506-06","article-title":"The Ral\/exocyst effector complex counters c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"26","author":"Balakireva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F818","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00596.2009","article-title":"Exocyst Sec10 protects epithelial barrier integrity and enhances recovery following oxidative stress, by activation of the MAPK pathway","volume":"298","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.308","article-title":"The novel lipid raft adaptor p18 controls endosome dynamics by anchoring the MEK\u2013ERK pathway to late endosomes","volume":"28","author":"Nada","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0371032","article-title":"The dynamic Rab11-FIPs","volume":"37","author":"Horgan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33155","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705167200","article-title":"MyRIP anchors protein kinase A to the exocyst complex","volume":"282","author":"Goehring","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26581","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203571200","article-title":"Cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization of exchange factor directly activated by cAMP","volume":"277","author":"Qiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067549","article-title":"Rap1 GTPase regulation of adherens junction positioning and cell adhesion","volume":"295","author":"Knox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-07-0647","article-title":"MAGI-1 is required for Rap1 activation upon cell-cell contact and for enhancement of vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated cell adhesion","volume":"17","author":"Sakurai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2009.06.004","article-title":"Control of cell adhesion dynamics by Rap1 signaling","volume":"21","author":"Boettner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.12.043","article-title":"Rap1, a mercenary among the Ras-like GTPases","volume":"340","author":"Frische","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/165.1.159","article-title":"The AF-6 homolog canoe acts as a Rap1 effector during dorsal closure of the Drosophila embryo","volume":"165","author":"Boettner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24095","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M414447200","article-title":"Regulation of E-cadherin endocytosis by nectin through afadin, Rap1, and p120ctn","volume":"280","author":"Hoshino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200705175","article-title":"KRIT-1\/CCM1 is a Rap1 effector that regulates endothelial cell\u2013cell junctions","volume":"179","author":"Glading","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1188","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00937.2007","article-title":"Epac\/Rap1 pathway regulates microvascular hyperpermeability induced by PAF in rat mesentery","volume":"294","author":"Adamson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.1.136-146.2005","article-title":"Cyclic AMP potentiates vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated cell\u2013cell contact to enhance endothelial barrier function through an Epac-Rap1 signaling pathway","volume":"25","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.07.080","article-title":"Epac1 regulates integrity of endothelial cell junctions through VE-cadherin","volume":"579","author":"Kooistra","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1420.016","article-title":"Regulation of endothelial junctional permeability","volume":"1123","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410490468795","article-title":"The adenylate cyclase toxins","volume":"30","author":"Ahuja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000325","article-title":"The adenylate cyclase toxins of Bacillus anthracis and Bordetella pertussis promote Th2 cell development by shaping T cell antigen receptor signaling","volume":"5","author":"Paccani","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003564","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin modulates PKA- and CREB-dependent signaling in two phases","volume":"3","author":"Puhar","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000134922.25721.d9","article-title":"Paradoxical cAMP-induced lung endothelial hyperpermeability revealed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoY","volume":"95","author":"Sayner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib164","first-page":"H286","article-title":"Cytoskeletal rearrangement mediates human microvascular endothelial tight junction modulation by cytokines","volume":"273","author":"Blum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.6.2152","article-title":"Segmental barrier properties of the pulmonary microvascular bed","volume":"71","author":"Qiao","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.49.5.1102","article-title":"Segmental differentiation of endothelial intercellular junctions in intra-acinar arteries and veins of the rat lung","volume":"49","author":"Schneeberger","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib167","first-page":"L119","article-title":"Control of cAMP in lung endothelial cell phenotypes. Implications for control of barrier function","volume":"277","author":"Stevens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.3026-3030.1999","article-title":"Anthrax toxin entry into polarized epithelial cells","volume":"67","author":"Beauregard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.03.002","article-title":"Lack of Smad or Notch leads to a fatal game of brain pericyte hopscotch","volume":"20","author":"Winkler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07424","article-title":"A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation","volume":"456","author":"Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.05.007","article-title":"Genomic RNAi screening in Drosophila S2 cells: what have we learned about host\u2013pathogen interactions?","volume":"11","author":"Cherry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1086\/644506","article-title":"Encapsulated Bacillus anthracis interacts closely with liver endothelium","volume":"200","author":"Piris-Gimenez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00764-08","article-title":"Association of Bacillus anthracis capsule with lethal toxin during experimental infection","volume":"77","author":"Ezzell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06958.x","article-title":"BslA, the S-layer adhesin of B. anthracis, is a virulence factor for anthrax pathogenesis","volume":"75","author":"Kern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00903-09","article-title":"Penetration of the blood-brain barrier by Bacillus anthracis requires the pXO1-encoded BslA protein","volume":"191","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404073101","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways defend against bacterial pore-forming toxins","volume":"101","author":"Huffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041215","article-title":"Anthrolysin O and other gram-positive cytolysins are toll-like receptor 4 agonists","volume":"200","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-8","article-title":"Acceleration of epithelial cell syndecan-1 shedding by anthrax hemolytic virulence factors","volume":"6","author":"Popova","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.091","article-title":"The role of anthrolysin O in gut epithelial barrier disruption during Bacillus anthracis infection","volume":"394","author":"Bishop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.01.005","article-title":"RAB-5- and RAB-11-dependent vesicle-trafficking pathways are required for plasma membrane repair after attack by bacterial pore-forming toxin","volume":"9","author":"Los","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.73","article-title":"Proteomic studies of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"4","author":"Chitlaru","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib182","first-page":"31408","article-title":"Secreted neutral metalloproteases of Bacillus anthracis as candidate pathogenic factors","volume":"281","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017921","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis protease InhA increases blood-brain barrier permeability and contributes to cerebral hemorrhages","volume":"6","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.124","article-title":"Spatial localization of bacteria controls coagulation of human blood by \u2018quorum acting\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Kastrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.5.3168-3174.2006","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis multiplication, persistence, and genetic exchange in the rhizosphere of grass plants","volume":"72","author":"Saile","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004813","article-title":"Pre-Columbian origins for North American anthrax","volume":"4","author":"Kenefic","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02692.x","article-title":"The incompatibility between the PlcR- and AtxA-controlled regulons may have selected a nonsense mutation in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"42","author":"Mignot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.041418-0","article-title":"Activation of the latent PlcR regulon in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"156","author":"Sastalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001029","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001029","article-title":"Cholera- and anthrax-like toxins are among several new ADP-ribosyltransferases","volume":"6","author":"Fieldhouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00561-06","article-title":"Characterization of Bacillus cereus isolates associated with fatal pneumonias: strains are closely related to Bacillus anthracis and harbor B. anthracis virulence genes","volume":"44","author":"Hoffmaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457911002292?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457911002292?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:29:31Z","timestamp":1761143371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457911002292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":190,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457911002292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New insights into the biological effects of anthrax toxins: linking cellular to organismal responses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}