{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:17:34Z","timestamp":1791220654727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3197,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005174","name":"Prevent Blindness Ohio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 EY007157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 EY007157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY018341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY018341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T02:01:53Z","timestamp":1420682513000},"page":"275-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Atg5 but not Atg7 in dendritic cells enhances IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 production by Toxoplasma gondii-reactive CD4+ T cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Van Grol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Subauste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026","article-title":"Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues","volume":"147","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005","article-title":"The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation","volume":"27","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/26506","article-title":"A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy","volume":"395","author":"Mizushima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/35056522","article-title":"Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems","volume":"2","author":"Ohsumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37298","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C700195200","article-title":"The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate has a novel E3-like activity for protein lipidation in autophagy","volume":"282","author":"Hanada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.004","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity through autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.05.016","article-title":"Autophagy, immunity, and microbial adaptations","volume":"5","author":"Deretic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102108","article-title":"Autophagy: an emerging immunological paradigm","volume":"189","author":"Deretic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074948","article-title":"Autophagy and the immune system","volume":"30","author":"Kuballa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28796","article-title":"CD40 induces macrophage anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes","volume":"116","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061318","article-title":"Vacuolar and plasma membrane stripping and autophagic elimination of Toxoplasma gondii in primed effector macrophages","volume":"203","author":"Ling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003809","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii-induced activation of EGFR prevents autophagy protein-mediated killing of the parasite","volume":"9","author":"Muniz-Feliciano","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014472","article-title":"The CD40-autophagy pathway is needed for host protection despite IFN-\u03b3-dependent immunity and CD40 induces autophagy via control of P21 levels","volume":"5","author":"Portillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01145-12","article-title":"CD40 induces anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity in nonhematopoietic cells dependent on autophagy proteins","volume":"81","author":"Van Grol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104904","article-title":"Endogenous MHC class II processing of a viral nuclear antigen after autophagy","volume":"307","author":"Paludan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323730","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted presentation of a cytosolic antigen by autophagy","volume":"33","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.018","article-title":"Antigen-loading compartments for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules continuously receive input from autophagosomes","volume":"26","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.12.006","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo requirement for Atg5 in antigen presentation by dendritic cells","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136880","article-title":"Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"315","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704014104","article-title":"The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses","volume":"104","author":"Jounai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07383","article-title":"Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1\u03b2 production","volume":"456","author":"Saitoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","article-title":"A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"469","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9587","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.202911","article-title":"Autophagy controls IL-1\u03b2 secretion by targeting pro-IL-1\u03b2 for degradation","volume":"286","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2215","article-title":"Activation of autophagy by inflammatory signals limits IL-1\u03b2 production by targeting ubiquitinated inflammasomes for destruction","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.398","article-title":"Autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway for extracellular delivery of IL-1\u03b2","volume":"30","author":"Dupont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060524","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases during 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death","volume":"170","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08455","article-title":"Discovery of Atg5\/Atg7-independent alternative macroautophagy","volume":"461","author":"Nishida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2804","article-title":"Uba1 functions in Atg7- and Atg3-independent autophagy","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06421","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling in macrophages links the autophagy pathway to phagocytosis","volume":"450","author":"Sanjuan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1482","article-title":"Calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 switches autophagy to apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Yousefi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.003","article-title":"Autophagosome-independent essential function for the autophagy protein Atg5 in cellular immunity to intracellular pathogens","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.09.005","article-title":"Cell-autonomous immunity to Toxoplasma gondii in mouse and man","volume":"9","author":"Konen-Waisman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302822","article-title":"Role of mouse and human autophagy proteins in IFN-\u03b3-induced cell-autonomous responses against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"192","author":"Ohshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.006","article-title":"The parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Toxoplasma gondii is targeted for disruption by ubiquitin-like conjugation systems of autophagy","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200412022","article-title":"Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice","volume":"169","author":"Komatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1831","article-title":"Role of CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) in the immune response to an intracellular pathogen","volume":"160","author":"Subauste","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1720","article-title":"Autophagy enhances the presentation of endogenous viral antigens on MHC class I molecules during HSV-1 infection","volume":"10","author":"English","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096645","article-title":"Regulation of an ATG7-beclin 1 program of autophagic cell death by caspase-8","volume":"304","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10658","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504198102","article-title":"Chlamydial IFN-\u03b3 immune evasion is linked to host infection tropism","volume":"102","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.23.33","article-title":"Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells","volume":"23","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Struct Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.21.5720","article-title":"LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing","volume":"19","author":"Kabeya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.3.1498","volume":"165","author":"Subauste","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004047","article-title":"Parasite fate and involvement of infected cells in the induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Dupont","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.10.012","article-title":"Noncanonical autophagy: one small step for LC3, one giant leap for immunity","volume":"26","author":"Mehta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3598","article-title":"Innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"14","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01443.x","article-title":"Coordinated loading of IRG resistance GTPases on to the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole","volume":"12","author":"Khaminets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.02.034","article-title":"Autophagy attenuates the adaptive immune response by destabilizing the immunologic synapse","volume":"142","author":"Wildenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S128645791400330X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S128645791400330X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:03:51Z","timestamp":1778799831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S128645791400330X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S128645791400330X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Atg5 but not Atg7 in dendritic cells enhances IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 production by Toxoplasma gondii-reactive CD4+ T cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}