{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:10:54Z","timestamp":1791421854818,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merit Review Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs project","award":["BX001937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX001937"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, projects","award":["AI062629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI062629"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health, projects","award":["GM103648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM103648"]}]},{"name":"project","award":["AI062629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI062629"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SFB587, B4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB587, B4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T19:54:55Z","timestamp":1466452495000},"page":"615-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bacillus anthracis spore movement does not require a carrier cell and is not affected by lethal toxin in human lung models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J. Leland","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet I.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marybeth","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Mark","family":"Coggeshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan P.","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7994","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7994","article-title":"Lung dendritic cells rapidly mediate anthrax spore entry through the pulmonary route","volume":"178","author":"Cleret","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.469-480.2006","article-title":"Roles of macrophages and neutrophils in the early host response to Bacillus anthracis spores in a mouse model of infection","volume":"74","author":"Cote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib3","first-page":"482","article-title":"Quantitative pathology of inhalational anthrax I: quantitative microscopic findings","volume":"14","author":"Grinberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod pathology official J U. S Can Acad Pathology, Inc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700730219","article-title":"The pathogenesis of anthrax following the administration of spores by the respiratory route","volume":"73","author":"Ross","year":"1957","journal-title":"J\u00a0Path Bact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/115.5.481","article-title":"Role of the lymphatics in the pathogenesis of anthrax","volume":"115","author":"Lincoln","year":"1965","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107","volume":"341","author":"Dixon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anthrax N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02422-8","article-title":"The alveolar macrophage: the Trojan horse of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"10","author":"Guidi-Rontani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5545","article-title":"Dendritic cells endocytose Bacillus anthracis spores: implications for anthrax pathogenesis","volume":"174","author":"Brittingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5861","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.5861","article-title":"Accelerated antigen sampling and transport by airway mucosal dendritic cells following inhalation of a bacterial stimulus","volume":"177","author":"Jahnsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01098.x","article-title":"Potential dissemination of Bacillus anthracis utilizing human lung epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01558.x","article-title":"Entry of Bacillus anthracis spores into epithelial cells is mediated by the spore surface protein BclA, integrin alpha2beta1 and complement component C1q","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06061-11","article-title":"Updating perspectives on the initiation of Bacillus anthracis growth and dissemination through its host","volume":"80","author":"Weiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60433-8","article-title":"Internalization and processing of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin by toxin-sensitive and -resistant cells","volume":"264","author":"Singh","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043266","article-title":"Both lethal and edema toxins of Bacillus anthracis disrupt the human dendritic cell chemokine network","volume":"7","author":"Cleret-Buhot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073163","article-title":"Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition","volume":"297","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01794","article-title":"Impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"424","author":"Agrawal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010019","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin-mediated killing of human and murine dendritic cells impairs the adaptive immune response","volume":"1","author":"Alileche","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4374","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01011-12","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin reduces human alveolar epithelial barrier function","volume":"80","author":"Langer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06340-11","article-title":"Expression of either lethal toxin or edema toxin by Bacillus anthracis is sufficient for virulence in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax","volume":"80","author":"Lovchik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00046-07","article-title":"Human lung innate immune response to Bacillus anthracis spore infection","volume":"75","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4156","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.8.4156-4164.2004","article-title":"Adenovirus type 7 induces interleukin-8 in a lung slice model and requires activation of Erk","volume":"78","author":"Booth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.10.016","article-title":"Innate immune response to H3N2 and H1N1 influenza virus infection in a human lung organ culture model","volume":"396","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049856","article-title":"Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus suppresses RIG-I initiated innate antiviral responses in the human lung","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2009.953067","article-title":"Intralobular pulmonary lymphatic distribution in normal human lung using D2-40 antipodoplanin immunostaining","volume":"57","author":"Kambouchner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib25","series-title":"Replacing Animal Models: a practical guide to creating and using culture-based biomimetic alternatives","first-page":"137","article-title":"Lung organoid culture to study responses to viruses","author":"Wu","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00446-06","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis spores stimulate cytokine and chemokine innate immune responses in human alveolar macrophages through multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways","volume":"74","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00282-08","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo demonstration and quantification of intracellular Bacillus anthracis in lung epithelial cells","volume":"76","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01584.x","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disrupts by calpain activation the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Fettucciari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.02.007","article-title":"Multivalent artificial opsonin for the recognition and phagocytosis of Gram-positive bacteria by human phagocytes","volume":"32","author":"Katzenmeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803406","article-title":"Resistance of human alveolar macrophages to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin","volume":"183","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011665","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis spore entry into epithelial cells is an actin-dependent process requiring c-Src and PI3K","volume":"5","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12872","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis spores germinate extracellularly at air-liquid interface in an in\u00a0vitro lung model under serum-free conditions","volume":"119","author":"Powell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6382","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6382-6389.2004","article-title":"Cytokine response to infection with Bacillus anthracis spores","volume":"72","author":"Pickering","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00545.x","article-title":"Anthrax toxin receptor 2 mediates Bacillus anthracis killing of macrophages following spore challenge","volume":"7","author":"Banks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.02.006","article-title":"Early interactions between fully virulent Bacillus anthracis and macrophages that influence the balance between spore clearance and development of a lethal infection","volume":"10","author":"Cote","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00719-06","article-title":"Toxin-deficient mutants of Bacillus anthracis are lethal in a murine model for pulmonary anthrax","volume":"74","author":"Heninger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-46","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis spore interactions with mammalian cells: relationship between germination state and the outcome of in\u00a0vitro","volume":"11","author":"Gut","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00267-11","article-title":"Humanized theta-defensins (retrocyclins) enhance macrophage performance and protect mice from experimental anthrax infections","volume":"55","author":"Welkos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457916300739?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457916300739?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T17:52:53Z","timestamp":1701193973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457916300739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457916300739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacillus anthracis spore movement does not require a carrier cell and is not affected by lethal toxin in human lung models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}