{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:11:00Z","timestamp":1788930660718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["AI109591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI109591"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T10:20:19Z","timestamp":1468059619000},"page":"687-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Adaptive immune response in symptomatic and asymptomatic enteric protozoal infection: evidence for a determining role of parasite genetic heterogeneity in host immunity to human giardiasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Babaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najmeh","family":"Malihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naser","family":"Zia-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iraj","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Kagnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Eckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Solaymani-Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70260-0","article-title":"Giardiasis","volume":"25","author":"Farthing","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.447-475.2001","article-title":"Biology of Giardia lamblia","volume":"14","author":"Adam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.06.014","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis: the double-edged sword of immune responses in giardiasis","volume":"126","author":"Solaymani-Mohammadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60207-9","article-title":"Giardia and giardiasis","volume":"32","author":"Thompson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2003.00634.x","article-title":"Mucosal defences against Giardia","volume":"25","author":"Eckmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.11.005","article-title":"Giardia immunity \u2013 an update","volume":"22","author":"Roxstr\u00f6m-Lindquist","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1998.t01-1-00122.x","article-title":"Exogenous cytokines released by spleen and Peyer's patch cells removed from mice infected with Giardia muris","volume":"20","author":"Djamiatun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100606","article-title":"Host immunity and pathogen strain contribute to intestinal disaccharidase impairment following gut infection","volume":"187","author":"Solaymani-Mohammadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.06.003","article-title":"IL-17A promotes protective IgA responses and expression of other potential effectors against the lumen-dwelling enteric parasite Giardia","volume":"156","author":"Dann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00953.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha contributes to protection against Giardia lamblia infection in mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1569-1573.2003","article-title":"Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection but exhibit normal intestinal immunoglobulin A responses against the parasite","volume":"71","author":"Bienz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1566-1568.2003","article-title":"Role of interleukin-6 in the control of acute and chronic Giardia lamblia infections in mice","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.01.003","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis: dendritic cell defects in IL-6 deficient mice contribute to susceptibility to intestinal infection","volume":"130","author":"Kamda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.05.006","article-title":"Serum cytokine changes in Turkish children infected with Giardia lamblia with and without allergy: effect of metronidazole treatment","volume":"95","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2478\/v10042-009-0013-3","article-title":"IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-6 and IgE in patients infected with Giardia intestinalis","volume":"47","author":"Matowicka-Karna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.5603\/FHC.2011.0039","article-title":"Assessment of the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF, IFN-gamma) in giardiosis","volume":"49","author":"Matowicka-Karna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.170-175.2000","article-title":"T-cell-dependent control of acute Giardia lamblia infections in mice","volume":"68","author":"Singer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005897","article-title":"Echinococcus, Giardia and Cryptosporidium: observational studies challenging accepted dogma","volume":"136","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.03.015","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis and genotype analysis of Giardia duodenalis in asymptomatic children from a rural area in central Colombia","volume":"32","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.538","article-title":"Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B infections in Nepal","volume":"81","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.03.002","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis assemblage, clinical presentation and markers of intestinal inflammation in Brazilian children","volume":"102","author":"Kohli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.80","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal epithelial cell cytoskeletal remodeling by cellular immunity following gut infection","volume":"6","author":"Solaymani-Mohammadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.03.005","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"126","author":"Mortimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3536-3542.2004","article-title":"Role of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in jejunal mucosal injury during murine giardiasis","volume":"72","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib25","first-page":"129","article-title":"A\u00a0survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Kerman","volume":"3","author":"Zia-Ali","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Kerman Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1256-1260.2005","article-title":"Multiplex real-time PCR assay using Scorpion probes and DNA capture for genotype-specific detection of Giardia lamblia on fecal samples","volume":"43","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01836.x","article-title":"Comparison of microscopy, real-time PCR and a rapid immunoassay for the detection of Giardia lamblia in human stool specimens","volume":"13","author":"Schuurman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib28","series-title":"Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites","author":"Melvin","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib29","series-title":"Basic laboratory methods in medical parasitology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.02.001","article-title":"Giardia intestinalis: DNA extraction approaches to improve PCR results","volume":"128","author":"Babaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.02.001","article-title":"Discrimination of all genotypes of Giardia duodenalis at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus using PCR-RFLP","volume":"4","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.446-452.2002","article-title":"Sensitive PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in human feces","volume":"40","author":"Amar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.04.008","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B","volume":"38","author":"Cacci\u00f2","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00739.x","article-title":"Cytokine mRNA expressions in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic amoebiasis patients","volume":"27","author":"Bansal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-011-0198-x","article-title":"Immune response in symptomatic and asymptomatic neurocysticercosis","volume":"200","author":"Verma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4040764","article-title":"Disruptions of host immunity and inflammation by Giardia duodenalis: potential consequences for co-infections in the gastro-intestinal tract","volume":"4","author":"Cotton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.107771","article-title":"Mechanisms of epithelial dysfunction in giardiasis","volume":"56","author":"Buret","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15168","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15168","article-title":"The invasive potential of Giardia intestinalis in an in\u00a0vivo model","volume":"5","author":"Reynoso-Robles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.3.342","article-title":"Giardia induces proliferation and interferon gamma production by intestinal lymphocytes","volume":"44","author":"Ebert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3927-4","article-title":"Antibody and cytokine responses to Giardia excretory\/secretory proteins in Giardia intestinalis-infected BALB\/c mice","volume":"113","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.9.5726","article-title":"A\u00a0role for CD44 in the production of IFN-gamma and immunopathology during infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"166","author":"Blass","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.435","article-title":"Enhanced egg-induced immunopathology correlates with high IFN-gamma in murine schistosomiasis: identification of two epistatic genetic intervals","volume":"174","author":"Rutitzky","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.597","article-title":"Association of CD4+ T cell-dependent, interferon-gamma-mediated necrosis of the small intestine with genetic susceptibility of mice to peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"184","author":"Liesenfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059410","article-title":"The ecology of genetically diverse infections","volume":"292","author":"Read","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3673-3680.2002","article-title":"Strain-dependent induction of enterocyte apoptosis by Giardia lamblia disrupts epithelial barrier function in a caspase-3-dependent manner","volume":"70","author":"Chin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1086\/505160","article-title":"The role of immune-mediated apparent competition in genetically diverse malaria infections","volume":"168","author":"Raberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01065.x","article-title":"Evidence for strain-specific protective immunity against blood-stage parasites of Plasmodium cynomolgi in toque monkey","volume":"30","author":"Wijayalath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.013","article-title":"Strain-specific protective immunity following vaccination against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"27","author":"Haolla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078427","article-title":"Genotype-specific vs. cross-reactive host immunity against a macroparasite","volume":"8","author":"Rellstab","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457916300922?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457916300922?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T17:53:11Z","timestamp":1701193991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457916300922"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457916300922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adaptive immune response in symptomatic and asymptomatic enteric protozoal infection: evidence for a determining role of parasite genetic heterogeneity in host immunity to human giardiasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.06.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}