{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:41:28Z","timestamp":1793925688321,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1196832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1196832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001786","name":"University of Adelaide","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009727","name":"Hospital Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003354","name":"Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T20:54:45Z","timestamp":1693342485000},"page":"105213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["S. aureus biofilm metabolic activity correlates positively with patients\u2019 eosinophil frequencies and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9822-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gohar","family":"Shaghayegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3109-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Cooksley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Bouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghais","family":"Houtak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Nepal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2967-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alkis James","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter-John","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Vreugde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib1","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adult chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"6","author":"Bachert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.05.004","article-title":"Phenotypes and emerging endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"4","author":"Bachert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000","article-title":"EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists","volume":"50","author":"Fokkens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.019","article-title":"Extracellular eosinophilic traps in association with Staphylococcus aureus at the site of epithelial barrier defects in patients with severe airway inflammation","volume":"139","author":"Gevaert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55040095","article-title":"Inflammation and endotyping in chronic rhinosinusitis\u2014a paradigm shift","volume":"55","author":"Ahern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.024","article-title":"Rethinking neutrophils and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"148","author":"Delemarre","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000276","article-title":"Management of rhinosinusitis: an evidence based approach","volume":"16","author":"Para","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44627-z","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular trap formation is closely associated with disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis regardless of nasal polyp status","volume":"9","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.08.010","article-title":"Eosinophil extracellular DNA traps: molecular mechanisms and potential roles in disease","volume":"24","author":"Yousefi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201203170","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: is immunity the second function of chromatin?","volume":"198","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.046","article-title":"Glandular mast cells with distinct phenotype are highly elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"130","author":"Takabayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07204","article-title":"The development of allergic inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Galli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13234","article-title":"Mast cell chymase in experimentally induced psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Suttle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3413","article-title":"Characterization of bacterial and fungal biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"23","author":"Foreman","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3119","article-title":"The effect of bacterial biofilms on post-sinus surgical outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Psaltis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00359","article-title":"Promising therapeutic strategies against microbial biofilm challenges","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2004.06.016","article-title":"Bacterial evasion of innate host defenses\u2013the Staphylococcus aureus lesson","volume":"294","author":"Fedtke","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.10.002","article-title":"Staphylococcal innate immune evasion","volume":"13","author":"Rooijakkers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003871","article-title":"Igniting the fire: Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors in the pathogenesis of sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Powers","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib21","first-page":"183","article-title":"Mackay IS. Staging in rhinosinusitis","volume":"31","author":"Lund","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70005-6","article-title":"Staging for rhinosinusitis","volume":"117","author":"Lund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24654","article-title":"Modification of the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system improves its reliability and correlation with patient-reported outcome measures","volume":"124","author":"Psaltis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x","article-title":"Psychometric validity of the 22-item sinonasal outcome test","volume":"34","author":"Hopkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib25","series-title":"FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. Babraham Bioinformatics","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595","article-title":"Unicycler: resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads","volume":"13","author":"Wick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST. org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10061362","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis, S. aureus biofilm and secreted products, inflammatory responses, and disease severity","volume":"10","author":"Shaghayegh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.08.031","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis patients display an aberrant immune cell localization with enhanced S aureus biofilm metabolic activity and biomass","volume":"151","author":"Shaghayegh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00367-7","article-title":"Blood eosinophil count and prospective annual asthma disease burden: a UK cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4024","article-title":"The importance of local eosinophilia in the surgical outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis: a 3-year prospective observational study","volume":"28","author":"Vlaminck","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib34","series-title":"Increased percentage of mast cells within sinonasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp patients independent of atopy. International forum of allergy & rhinology","first-page":"233","author":"Shaw","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.07.025","article-title":"IgD-activated mast cells induce IgE synthesis in B cells in nasal polyps","volume":"142","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27658","article-title":"Increased accumulation of CD30 ligand-positive mast cells associates with eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps","volume":"129","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1092","article-title":"Basophils are elevated in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without aspirin sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Mahdavinia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2010.02097.x","article-title":"A\u00a0biofilm exists on healthy mucosa of the paranasal sinuses: a prospectively performed, blinded, scanning electron microscope study","volume":"35","author":"Mladina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10060252","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus toxins and their molecular activity in infectious diseases","volume":"10","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8030072","article-title":"Targeting Staphylococcus aureus toxins: a potential form of anti-virulence therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib41","first-page":"495","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus evades the extracellular antimicrobial activity of mast cells by promoting its own uptake","volume":"3","author":"Abel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Innate Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12550","article-title":"\u03b1-hemolysin enhances Staphylococcus aureus internalization and survival within mast cells by modulating the expression of \u03b21 integrin","volume":"18","author":"Goldmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00247","article-title":"Live Staphylococcus aureus induces expression and release of vascular endothelial growth factor in terminally differentiated mouse mast cells","volume":"7","author":"Johnzon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000715","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus panton-valentine leukocidin is a very potent cytotoxic factor for human neutrophils","volume":"6","author":"L\u00f6ffler","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.06.013","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus internalization in mast cells in nasal polyps: characterization of interactions and potential mechanisms","volume":"145","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.11.011","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus persistence in non-professional phagocytes","volume":"304","author":"L\u00f6ffler","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13634","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus biofilm: a complex developmental organism","volume":"104","author":"Moormeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00133-11","article-title":"Role of fibronectin-binding proteins A and B in in\u00a0vitro cellular infections and in\u00a0vivo septic infections by Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"79","author":"Shinji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457923001168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457923001168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:41:48Z","timestamp":1761144108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457923001168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457923001168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"S. aureus biofilm metabolic activity correlates positively with patients\u2019 eosinophil frequencies and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105213","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105213"}}