{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:49:14Z","timestamp":1778568554324,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]],"date-time":"2008-03-26T13:53:56Z","timestamp":1206539636000},"page":"70-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Verification and dissection of the ospC operator by using flaB promoter as a reporter in Borrelia burgdorferi"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Qilong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"McShan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang Ting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80038-0","article-title":"Immunity to Lyme disease: protection, pathology and persistence","volume":"8","author":"Seiler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450207","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"345","author":"Steere","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2909","article-title":"Induction of an outer surface protein on Borrelia burgdorferi during tick feeding","volume":"92","author":"Schwan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.382-388.2000","article-title":"Temporal changes in outer surface proteins A and C of the Lyme disease-associated spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, during the chain of infection in ticks and mice","volume":"38","author":"Schwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.670","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi populations transmitted by ticks","volume":"98","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.271","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi OspA is an arthropod-specific transmission-blocking Lyme disease vaccine","volume":"183","author":"de Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031960","article-title":"Essential role for OspA\/B in the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"199","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030033","article-title":"Outer surface protein B is critical for Borrelia burgdorferi adherence and survival within Ixodes ticks","volume":"3","author":"Neelakanta","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.11.003","article-title":"Complementation of a Borrelia afzelii OspC mutant highlights the crucial role of OspC for dissemination of Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus","volume":"297","author":"Fingerle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101","article-title":"Outer-surface protein C of the Lyme disease spirochete: a protein induced in ticks for infection of mammals","volume":"101","author":"Grimm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00158-06","article-title":"Delineating the requirement for the Borrelia burgdorferi virulence factor OspC in the mammalian host","volume":"74","author":"Stewart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419894","article-title":"OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands","volume":"113","author":"Pal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601750137705","article-title":"OspA immunization decreases transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes from infected Peromyscus leucopus mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"1","author":"Tsao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18159","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405763102","article-title":"An ecological approach to preventing human infection: vaccinating wild mouse reservoirs intervenes in the Lyme disease cycle","volume":"101","author":"Tsao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.8.3146-3150.1997","article-title":"OspA antibodies inhibit the\u00a0acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes ticks","volume":"65","author":"de Silva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01307-06","article-title":"Infection of mice with Lyme disease spirochetes constitutively producing outer surface proteins A and B","volume":"75","author":"Strother","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5759","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to host immune responses","volume":"72","author":"Liang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011870","article-title":"An immune evasion mechanism for spirochetal persistence in Lyme borreliosis","volume":"195","author":"Liang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01725-06","article-title":"Rapid clearance of Lyme disease spirochetes lacking OspC from skin","volume":"75","author":"Tilly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5177","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00713-06","article-title":"Constitutive expression of outer surface protein C diminishes the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi to evade specific humoral immunity","volume":"74","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.8.3213-3221.1994","article-title":"Humoral immune response to outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease: role of the immunoglobulin M response in the serodiagnosis of early infection","volume":"62","author":"Fung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020770","article-title":"Molecular adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the murine host","volume":"196","author":"Liang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5063-5072.2004","article-title":"Temporal analysis of the antigenic composition of Borrelia\u00a0burgdorferi during infection in rabbit skin","volume":"72","author":"Crother","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.411-414.2000","article-title":"Inhibition of Borrelia burgdorferi migration from the midgut to the salivary glands following feeding by ticks on OspC-immunized mice","volume":"68","author":"Gilmore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/37551","article-title":"Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"390","author":"Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12724","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231442498","article-title":"Expression of Borrelia burgdorferi OspC and DbpA is controlled by a RpoN\u2013RpoS regulatory pathway","volume":"98","author":"Hubner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834315100","article-title":"The response regulator Rrp2 is essential for the expression of major membrane lipoproteins in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4759-4764.2000","article-title":"Decorin-binding protein A (DbpA) of Borrelia burgdorferi is not protective when immunized mice are challenged via tick infestation and correlates with the lack of DbpA expression by B. burgdorferi in ticks","volume":"68","author":"Hagman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8377","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01199-07","article-title":"Regulation of expression of the fibronectin-binding protein BBK32 in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"189","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6943","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.6943-6952.2003","article-title":"Temporal analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Erp protein expression throughout the mammal-tick infectious cycle","volume":"71","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05860.x","article-title":"Analysis of the RpoS regulon in Borrelia burgdorferi in response to mammalian host signals provides insight into RpoS function during the enzootic cycle","volume":"65","author":"Caimano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5162","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408536102","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi \u03c354 is required for mammalian infection and vector transmission but not for tick colonization","volume":"102","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7845","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.22.7845-7852.2005","article-title":"Alternate sigma factor RpoS is required for the in vivo-specific repression of Borrelia burgdorferi plasmid lp54-borne ospA and lp6.6 genes","volume":"187","author":"Caimano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05636.x","article-title":"Identification of an ospC operator critical for immune evasion of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7390","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.21.7390-7402.2004","article-title":"Analysis of promoter elements involved in the transcriptional initiation of RpoS-dependent Borrelia burgdorferi genes","volume":"186","author":"Eggers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.14.4822-4829.2005","article-title":"Analysis of the ospC regulatory element controlled by the RpoN\u2013RpoS regulatory pathway in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"187","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.7.2289-2299.1997","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a large Borrelia burgdorferi motility operon which is initiated by a consensus \u03c370 promoter","volume":"179","author":"Ge","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05593.x","article-title":"Artificial regulation of ospC expression in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"63","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03452.x","article-title":"A plasmid-encoded nicotinamidase (PncA) is essential for infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi in a mammalian host","volume":"48","author":"Purser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02256.x","article-title":"Isolation of a circular plasmid region sufficient for autonomous replication and transformation of infectious Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"39","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3419-3428.2003","article-title":"Antigenic composition of Borrelia burgdorferi during infection of SCID mice","volume":"71","author":"Crother","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7208","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7208-7215.2005","article-title":"Association of linear plasmid 28-1 with an arthritic phenotype of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"73","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5938-5946.2004","article-title":"Experimental assessment of the roles of linear plasmids lp25 and lp28-1 of Borrelia burgdorferi throughout the infectious cycle","volume":"72","author":"Grimm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-5-1681","article-title":"The flgK motility operon of Borrelia burgdorferi is initiated by a \u03c370-like promoter","volume":"143","author":"Ge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.4.926-932.1993","article-title":"Transcriptional analyses and mapping of the ospC gene in Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"175","author":"Marconi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)90613-0","article-title":"Homology between Borrelia burgdorferi OspC and members of the family of Borrelia hermsii variable major proteins","volume":"143","author":"Margolis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gene"}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401008000351?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401008000351?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T14:10:48Z","timestamp":1630937448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401008000351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0882401008000351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}