{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:41:41Z","timestamp":1790325701528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T19:01:53Z","timestamp":1570734113000},"page":"103791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring T &amp; B-cell epitopes and designing multi-epitope subunit vaccine targeting integration step of HIV-1 lifecycle using immunoinformatics approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Faruq","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utpal Kumar","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kamal","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2017.10.009","article-title":"A therapeutic perspective of living with human immunodeficiency virus\/AIDS in 2017","volume":"53","author":"Cluck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00065-15","article-title":"HIV genome-wide protein associations: a review of 30 Years of research","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1660","article-title":"Integrase inhibitors to treat HIV\/Aids","volume":"4","author":"Pommier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450043490686","article-title":"Vaccines and vaccine strategies against HIV","volume":"5","author":"Stratov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/272950","article-title":"Designing peptide-based HIV vaccine for Chinese","volume":"2014","author":"Shu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S95691","article-title":"Computer-aided vaccine designing approach against fish pathogens Edwardsiella tarda and Flavobacterium columnare using bioinformatics softwares","volume":"2016","author":"Mahendran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib7","first-page":"227","article-title":"Recent advances in epitope design for immunotherapy of cancer, recent pat. Anticancer","volume":"4","author":"Chiarella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e318233e5b2","article-title":"The present and future of peptide vaccines for cancer: single or multiple, long or short, alone or in combination?","volume":"17","author":"Slingluff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.042","article-title":"Immunoinformatics approaches to design a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine against HIV infection","volume":"36","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-424","article-title":"Large-scale validation of methods for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope prediction","volume":"8","author":"V Larsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv639","article-title":"Gapped sequence alignment using artificial neural networks: application to the MHC class I system","volume":"32","author":"Andreatta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-296","article-title":"NN-align. An artificial neural network-based alignment algorithm for MHC class II peptide binding prediction","volume":"10","author":"Nielsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","article-title":"VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Doytchinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003266","article-title":"Properties of MHC class I presented peptides that enhance immunogenicity","volume":"9","author":"Calis","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-361","article-title":"Development of an epitope conservancy analysis tool to facilitate the design of epitope-based diagnostics and vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Bui","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl343","article-title":"AlgPred: prediction of allergenic proteins and mapping of IgE epitopes","volume":"34","author":"Saha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5","article-title":"AllerTOP v.2\u2014a server for in silico prediction of allergens","volume":"20","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt619","article-title":"AllergenFP: allergenicity prediction by descriptor fingerprints","volume":"30","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-153","article-title":"Predicting population coverage of T-cell epitope-based diagnostics and vaccines","volume":"7","author":"Bui","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21256","article-title":"AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: automated docking with selective receptor flexibility","volume":"30","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","article-title":"AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading","volume":"31","author":"Oleg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(97)00288-8","article-title":"The class II MHC protein HLA-DR1 in complex with an endogenous peptide: implications for the structural basis of the specificity of peptide binding","volume":"5","author":"Murthy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3884","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3884","article-title":"Crystallographic structure of a rheumatoid arthritis MHC susceptibility allele, HLA-DR1 (DRB1*0101), complexed with the immunodominant determinant of human type II collagen","volume":"177","author":"Rosloniec","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15924","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15924","article-title":"Structural and regulatory diversity shape HLA-C protein expression levels","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.08.015","article-title":"Structural basis of cross-allele presentation by HLA-A*0301 and HLA-A*1101 revealed by two HIV-derived peptide complexes","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/35014520","article-title":"Crystal structure of an NK cell immunoglobulin-like receptor in complex with its class I MHC ligand","volume":"405","author":"Boyington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1187","article-title":"Unconventional topology of self peptide\u2013major histocompatibility complex binding by a human autoimmune T cell receptor","volume":"6","author":"Hahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/378457a0","article-title":"The structure of an intermediate in class II MHC maturation: CLIP bound to HLA-DR3","volume":"378","author":"Ghosh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00494","article-title":"Functional and structural characterization of a novel HLA-DRB1*04:01-restricted \u03b1-enolase T cell epitope in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Gerstner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W449","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw329","article-title":"PEP-FOLD3: faster de novo structure prediction for linear peptides in solution and in complex","volume":"44","author":"Lamiable","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-3-33","article-title":"Open Babel: an open chemical toolbox","volume":"3","author":"O'Boyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cheminf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.893","article-title":"Predicting linear B-cell epitopes using string kernels","volume":"21","author":"EL-Manzalawy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.11.003","article-title":"Improved peptide vaccine strategies, creating synthetic artificial infections to maximize immune efficacy","volume":"58","author":"van der Burg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.041","article-title":"Modulation of HIV peptide antigen specific cellular immune response by synthetic \u03b1- and \u03b2-defensin peptides","volume":"31","author":"Mohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib35","series-title":"Proteomics Protoc. Handb","first-page":"571","article-title":"Protein identification and analysis tool on the ExPASy server","author":"Gasteiger","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/11.6.681","article-title":"SOPMA: significant improvements in protein secondary structure prediction by prediction from multiple alignments","volume":"11","author":"Geourjon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.23175","article-title":"RaptorX: exploiting structure information for protein alignment by statistical inference","volume":"79","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09199-w","article-title":"Exploring dengue genome to construct a multi-epitope based subunit vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approach to battle against dengue infection","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt458","article-title":"GalaxyRefine: protein structure refinement driven by side-chain repacking","volume":"41","author":"Heo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3289","article-title":"PDBsum: structural summaries of PDB entries","volume":"27","author":"Laskowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W407","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm290","article-title":"ProSA-web: interactive web service for the recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins","volume":"35","author":"Wiederstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020916","article-title":"Verification of protein structures: patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions","volume":"2","author":"Colovos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08842-w","article-title":"Exploring Leishmania secretory proteins to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics approach","volume":"7","author":"Khatoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-346","article-title":"Disulfide by Design 2.0: a web-based tool for disulfide engineering in proteins","volume":"14","author":"Craig","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki376","article-title":"JCat: a novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host","volume":"33","author":"Grote","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2015.1135298","article-title":"Febrifugine analogues as Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase inhibitors: binding energy analysis assisted by molecular docking, ADMET and molecular dynamics simulation","volume":"35","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W96","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh354","article-title":"ClusPro: a fully automated algorithm for protein-protein docking","volume":"32","author":"Comeau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4137\/DTI.S38458","article-title":"Immunoinformatics approach in designing epitope-based vaccine against meningitis-inducing bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b)","volume":"10","author":"Zahroh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Target Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01505-07","article-title":"Rational design of a multiepitope vaccine encoding T-lymphocyte epitopes for treatment of chronic Hepatitis B virus infections","volume":"82","author":"Depla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.29252\/rmm.5.1.17","article-title":"A novel multi-epitope vaccine for cross protection against Hepatitis C virus (HCV): an immunoinformatics approach","volume":"5","author":"Nosrati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34254-5","article-title":"Exploring NS3\/4A, NS5A and NS5B proteins to design conserved subunit multi-epitope vaccine against HCV utilizing immunoinformatics approaches","volume":"8","author":"Ikram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7020034","article-title":"In silico designed ebola virus T-cell multi-epitope DNA vaccine constructions are immunogenic in mice","volume":"7","author":"Bazhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.007","article-title":"Excavating chikungunya genome to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine using comprehensive immunoinformatics approach to control chikungunya infection","volume":"61","author":"Narula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.02.023","article-title":"Reverse vaccinology approach to design a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine against avian influenza A (H7N9) virus","volume":"130","author":"Hasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7631","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27110","article-title":"Designing B- and T-cell multi-epitope based subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics approach to control Zika virus infection","volume":"119","author":"Kumar Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(08)70070-1","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of a candidate multi-epitope-vaccine against the classical swine fever virus","volume":"13","author":"Ying","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13069","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b00944","article-title":"Strategic development of a next-generation multi-epitope vaccine to prevent Nipah virus Zoonotic infection","volume":"4","author":"Ojha","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.103936","article-title":"Immunoinformatics approaches for designing a novel multi epitope peptide vaccine against human norovirus (Norwalk virus)","volume":"74","author":"Azim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.07.013","article-title":"In silico analysis and in vitro evaluation of immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of promiscuous peptides derived from Leishmania infantum eukaryotic initiation factor","volume":"25","author":"Koutsoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159237","article-title":"In vivo validation of predicted and conserved T cell epitopes in a swine influenza model","volume":"11","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2224","article-title":"More than one reason to rethink the use of peptides in vaccine design","volume":"6","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12436","article-title":"Metadherin peptides containing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes as a therapeutic vaccine candidate against cancer","volume":"60","author":"Gourav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.10.022","article-title":"Overlapping CD8 + and CD4 + T-cell epitopes identification for the progression of epitope-based peptide vaccine from nucleocapsid and glycoprotein of emerging Rift Valley fever virus using immunoinformatics approach","volume":"56","author":"Adhikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib64","first-page":"575","article-title":"Harnessing self-assembled peptide nanoparticles in epitope vaccine design, Biotechnol","volume":"35","author":"Negahdaripour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12436","article-title":"Metadherin peptides containing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes as a therapeutic vaccine candidate against cancer","volume":"60","author":"Dhiman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2019.01.016","article-title":"Computational analysis in designing T cell epitopes enriched peptides of Ebola glycoprotein exhibiting strong binding interaction with HLA molecules","volume":"465","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib67","series-title":"Clin. Appl. Immunomics","first-page":"39","article-title":"Epitope-based immunome-derived vaccines: a strategy for improved design and safety","author":"De Groot","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s13721-016-0138-1","article-title":"In silico designing of some agonists of toll-like receptor 5 as a novel vaccine adjuvant candidates","volume":"5","author":"Farhadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Netw. Model. Anal. Heal. Informatics Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.11.080","article-title":"The PorB porin from commensal Neisseria lactamica induces Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin in mice and is a potential immune adjuvant","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F39","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311070-00001","article-title":"Human epithelial beta-defensins 2 and 3 inhibit HIV-1 replication","volume":"17","author":"Quinones-Mateu","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19456-1","article-title":"Novel immunoinformatics approaches to design multi-epitope subunit vaccine for malaria by investigating Anopheles salivary protein","volume":"8","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301001-00003","article-title":"The role of lymphoid organs in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection","volume":"7","author":"Pantaleo","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1094595","article-title":"Recombinant and epitope-based vaccines on the road to the market and implications for vaccine design and production","volume":"12","author":"Oyarz\u00fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12302","article-title":"Epitope-based peptide vaccine design and target site depiction against Ebola viruses: an immunoinformatics study","volume":"82","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.10.4311-4316.1989","article-title":"Monoclonal engineered vaccine which expresses an immunodominant T cell epitope induces CTL that confer protection from lethal virus infection","volume":"63","author":"Klavinskis","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007054","article-title":"The T-cell response to HIV","volume":"2","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.369","article-title":"Structural basis OF T cell recognition","volume":"17","author":"Garcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-010-0067-0","article-title":"CD4+ T cell epitope discovery and rational vaccine design","volume":"58","author":"Rosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6715","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.8.6715-6720.1999","article-title":"Association between virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"73","author":"Kalams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01738.x","article-title":"The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway: strategies for viral immune evasion","volume":"110","author":"Hewitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2524","article-title":"B cells in HIV infection and disease","volume":"9","author":"Moir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6718083","article-title":"Immunoinformatics approach for epitope-based peptide vaccine design and active site prediction against polyprotein of emerging Oropouche virus","volume":"2018","author":"Adhikari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006841","article-title":"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Sharp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7000-1_24","article-title":"Stereochemistry and validation of macromolecular structures","volume":"1607","author":"Wlodawer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340080106","article-title":"Protein stability and electrostatic interactions between solvent exposed charged side chains","volume":"8","author":"Akke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proteins Struct. Funct. Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560021002","article-title":"Disulfide bonds and the stability of globular proteins","volume":"2","author":"Betz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.60.3.512-538.1996","article-title":"Strategies for achieving high-level expression of genes in Escherichia coli","volume":"60","author":"Makrides","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401019301329?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401019301329?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:28:45Z","timestamp":1760110125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401019301329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S0882401019301329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring T & B-cell epitopes and designing multi-epitope subunit vaccine targeting integration step of HIV-1 lifecycle using immunoinformatics approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103791","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103791"}}