{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:27:35Z","timestamp":1792006055607,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T05:56:11Z","timestamp":1575266171000},"page":"103898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Candida coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Asia and Africa; A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Hadadi\u2010Fishani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shakerimoghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azad","family":"Khaledi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v47i2.2271","article-title":"Tuberculosis and fungal co-infection present in a previously healthy patient","volume":"47","author":"Fontalvo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colomb. M\u00e9d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Candida in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"51","author":"Baradkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bombay Hosp. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v28i6.2","article-title":"Tuberculosis status and coinfection of pulmonary fungal infections in patients referred to reference laboratory of health Centers Ghaemshahr city during 2007-2017","volume":"28","author":"Amiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethiop. J Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib4","first-page":"857","article-title":"A study of the trend in prevalence of opportunistic Candidal coinfections among patients of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"36","author":"Naz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2015.01.001","article-title":"Global tuberculosis control requires greater ambition and resources","volume":"5","author":"Pai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201711-2340OC","article-title":"Four-gene pan-African blood signature predicts progression to tuberculosis","volume":"197","author":"Suliman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2013.02.002","article-title":"Microarray detection of fungal infection in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"62","author":"Osman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chest Dis. Tuberc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem","volume":"20","author":"Pfaller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"29\u201330","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib9","first-page":"447","article-title":"Treatment options of invasive fungal infections in adults","volume":"136","author":"Fl\u00fcckiger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"issue":"165","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.04.017","article-title":"Pulmonary fungal infection: imaging findings in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients","volume":"59","author":"Chong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1086\/421946","article-title":"Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study","volume":"39","author":"Wisplinghoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib13","first-page":"118","article-title":"A study on prevalence of pulmonary candidiasis among tuberculosis patients and use of chromagar in identification of Candida species","volume":"4","author":"Mathavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib14","first-page":"113","article-title":"Study on the shifting patterns of Non Candida albicans Candida in lower respiratory tract infections and evaluation of the CHROMagar in identification of the Candida species","volume":"1","author":"Latha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib15","first-page":"330","article-title":"HIV\/TB co-infection: literature review and report of multiple tuberculosis oral ulcers","volume":"60","author":"Feller","year":"2005","journal-title":"SADJ: J. South Afr. Dent. Assoc. = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011458","article-title":"Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS)","volume":"6","author":"Downes","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3417-x","article-title":"Modified genome comparison method: a new approach for identification of specific targets in molecular diagnostic tests using Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex as an example","volume":"18","author":"Neshani","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1626.2011.0089.x","article-title":"Prevalence of oral Candida carriage in Thai adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Santiwongkarn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"issue":"227","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib19","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary occurrence of fungi in adults especially according to cultivation material","author":"Kahanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03249.x","article-title":"A conserved mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase pathway is required for mating in Candida albicans","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.735-741.2003","article-title":"Candida tropicalis in a neonatal intensive care unit: epidemiologic and molecular analysis of an outbreak of infection with an uncommon neonatal pathogen","volume":"41","author":"Roilides","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.9612023","article-title":"Significance of the isolation of Candida species from respiratory samples in critically ill, non-neutropenic patients: an immediate postmortem histologic study","volume":"156","author":"El-Ebiary","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib23","series-title":"Aspergillus: Molecular Biology and Genomics","author":"Machida","year":"2010"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2018.709.383","article-title":"Prevalence of different species of Candida in sputum of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Namratha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib25","article-title":"Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infection in pulmonary tuberculous patients","volume":"25","author":"Suad Yousuf Aldorkee MFAj","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Babylon Univ. \/ Pure Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2013.1709","article-title":"Prevalence of Candida co-infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Kali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australas. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib27","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2013","author":"Organization","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib28","first-page":"60","article-title":"Prevalence of Candida Co-infections among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Emuoha, rivers state, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Ndukwu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.03.007","article-title":"Imaging of opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patient","volume":"51","author":"Franquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib30","first-page":"323","article-title":"Antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"4","author":"Rathod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib31","first-page":"119","article-title":"Mycological findings of sputum samples from pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending TB clinic in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"2","author":"Mwaura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. Mycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib32","first-page":"3145","article-title":"Diversity of respiratory yeasts from suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"2","author":"Yahaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scholars J. Appl. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2014.11.024","article-title":"Coexistence of opportunistic mycosis and mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients attending the Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of Ghaemshahr city, Iran","volume":"4","author":"Jabbari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mycobacteriology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib34","first-page":"6","article-title":"Prevalence of opportunistic fungal infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Madhya Pradesh, Central India","volume":"1","author":"Nawange","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biomed. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.9734\/BMRJ\/2015\/20138","article-title":"Pulmonary Paragonimiasis and Aspergillosis in patients suspected of tuberculosis in Yaounde, Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"Njunda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. Microbiol. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.08.010","article-title":"Invasive forms of Candida and Aspergillus in sputum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending the tuberculosis reference laboratory in Ghaemshahr, Northern Iran: an analysis of samples collected during the past 10 years","volume":"5","author":"Aghili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mycobacteriology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib37","first-page":"2563","article-title":"Prevalence of mycotic flora with pulmonary tuberculosis patient in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"3","author":"Babita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Med. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.185913","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of opportunistic candidal infections among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"20","author":"Astekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol.: JOMFP."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/ijtdh\/2019\/v35i230118","article-title":"Tuberculosis-Candida Co-infection in patients having pulmonary tuberculosis attending DOTs clinic in rumuigbo model primary health centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","author":"Hanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Dis. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898_bib40","first-page":"153","article-title":"Prevalence of fungi as opportunistic pathogens in active and post-treated pulmonary tuberculosis cases-A comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Najeeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"EC Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401019316651?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401019316651?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:26:43Z","timestamp":1760110003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401019316651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0882401019316651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Candida coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Asia and Africa; A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103898","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103898"}}