{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:11:03Z","timestamp":1791421863035,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":361,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006180","name":"Science and Technology Development Project of Yancheng, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YK2107102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YK2107102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31670131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31670131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T20:44:35Z","timestamp":1606423475000},"page":"104651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Disruption of Fis reduces bacterial persister formation by regulating glutamate metabolism in Salmonella"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qisi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0356-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingzhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56688-1","article-title":"Distinct climate influences on the risk of typhoid compared to invasive non-typhoid Salmonella disease in Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"9","author":"Thindwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v31i3.4","article-title":"Typhoid fever among febrile Nigerian patients: prevalence, diagnostic performance of the Widal test and antibiotic multi-drug resistance","volume":"31","author":"Ohanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malawi Med. J."},{"issue":"7773","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1521-8","article-title":"Salmonella persisters promote the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids in the gut","volume":"573","author":"Bakkeren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.030932-0","article-title":"Role of persister cells in chronic infections: clinical relevance and perspectives on anti-persister therapies","volume":"60","author":"Fauvart","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5690","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099390","article-title":"Bacterial persistence as a phenotypic switch","volume":"305","author":"Balaban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.03.008","article-title":"Bacterial persisters: formation, eradication, and experimental systems","volume":"22","author":"Helaine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7148","article-title":"Salmonella persisters undermine host immune defenses during antibiotic treatment","volume":"362","author":"Stapels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.34","article-title":"Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and persistence to antibiotic treatment","volume":"14","author":"Brauner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.05.009","article-title":"Microbial persistence and the road to drug resistance","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50668-1","article-title":"Type I toxin-dependent generation of superoxide affects the persister life cycle of Escherichia coli","volume":"9","author":"Edelmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00332","article-title":"Isothermal microcalorimetry detects the presence of persister cells in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm after Vancomycin treatment","volume":"10","author":"Butini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux001","article-title":"Formation, physiology, ecology, evolution and clinical importance of bacterial persisters","volume":"41","author":"Van den Bergh","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00443-17","article-title":"Synthetic (p)ppGpp analogue is an inhibitor of stringent response in Mycobacteria","volume":"61","author":"Syal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-019-01777-7","article-title":"Comparison of starvation-induced persister cells with antibiotic-induced persister cells","volume":"76","author":"Paranjape","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093110","article-title":"Nutrient transitions are a source of persisters in Escherichia coli biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Amato","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6058","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211037","article-title":"Active starvation responses mediate antibiotic tolerance in biofilms and nutrient-limited bacteria","volume":"334","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.23987","article-title":"Persistent bacterial infections, antibiotic tolerance, and the oxidative stress response","volume":"4","author":"Grant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150159","article-title":"Bacterial persistence and toxin-antitoxin loci","volume":"66","author":"Gerdes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5980","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67694-5","article-title":"Residual guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate synthetic activity of relA null mutants can be eliminated by spoT null mutations","volume":"266","author":"Xiao","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00656-1","article-title":"Dissection of the mechanism for the stringent factor RelA","volume":"10","author":"Wendrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6056","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42403-7","article-title":"Birth and resuscitation of (p)ppGpp induced antibiotic tolerant persister cells","volume":"9","author":"Svenningsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.155.2.768-775.1983","article-title":"hipA, a newly recognized gene of Escherichia coli K-12 that affects frequency of persistence after inhibition of murein synthesis","volume":"155","author":"Moyed","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03779.x","article-title":"Characterization of the hipA7 allele of Escherichia coli and evidence that high persistence is governed by (p)ppGpp synthesis","volume":"50","author":"Korch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02193.x","article-title":"The Fis protein: it's not just for DNA inversion anymore","volume":"6","author":"Finkel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05916.x","article-title":"Expression of the Fis protein is sustained in late-exponential- and stationary-phase cultures of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grown in the absence of aeration","volume":"66","author":"Ct","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02526.x","article-title":"Role of the nucleoid-associated protein Fis in the regulation of virulence properties of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"41","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib27","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of the Salmonella Fis regulon and its regulatory mechanism on pathogenicity islands","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084382","article-title":"Transmission of an oxygen availability signal at the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium fis promoter","volume":"8","author":"Cameron","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27209-0","article-title":"A global role for Fis in the transcriptional control of metabolism and type III secretion in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium","volume":"150","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(77)91229-3","article-title":"Glutamate transport driven by an electrochemical gradient of sodium ion in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli B","volume":"78","author":"Hasan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.90.5.1288-1295.1965","article-title":"Glutamate transport in wild-type and mutant strains of Escherichia coli","volume":"90","author":"Halpern","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.93.3.1009-1016.1967","article-title":"Properties of the glutamate transport system in Escherichia coli","volume":"93","author":"Halpern","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2016-0490","article-title":"The malS-5'UTR regulates hisG, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037462","article-title":"Fis is essential for the stability of linear plasmid pBSSB1 and affects the motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib35","first-page":"1256","article-title":"Construction and characterization of an ompR gene deletion mutant from Salmonella enteritidis","volume":"51","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Weishengwu Xuebao"},{"issue":"592","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aax3938","article-title":"Slow growth determines nonheritable antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica","volume":"12","author":"Pontes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.03.011","article-title":"Expression of tviA is transiently repressed by Hfq in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi at hyperosmotic stress","volume":"49","author":"Xie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.7.2568-2574.1994","article-title":"Accumulation of glutamate by Salmonella typhimurium in response to osmotic stress","volume":"60","author":"Botsford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04472-6","article-title":"Activity of acetyltransferase toxins involved in Salmonella persister formation during macrophage infection","volume":"9","author":"Rycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.035352","article-title":"Bacterial persistence: a model of survival in changing environments","volume":"169","author":"Kussell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-40","article-title":"Regulatory effects of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) on porin genes and its own gene in Yersinia pestis","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02144-17","article-title":"Cyclic AMP regulates bacterial persistence through repression of the oxidative stress response and SOS-dependent DNA repair in uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"9","author":"Molina-Quiroz","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2012.70","article-title":"Shared control of gene expression in bacteria by transcription factors and global physiology of the cell","volume":"9","author":"Berthoumieux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401020310172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401020310172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:37:39Z","timestamp":1760110659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401020310172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0882401020310172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disruption of Fis reduces bacterial persister formation by regulating glutamate metabolism in Salmonella","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104651","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104651"}}