{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:20:04Z","timestamp":1780986004168,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T09:52:47Z","timestamp":1620294767000},"page":"104939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG defense against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection through modulation of M1 macrophage polarization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petunia","family":"Msuthwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00999.x","article-title":"Immunity to salmonellosis","volume":"240","author":"Dougan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300617","article-title":"Detection bias and the association between inflammatory bowel disease and Salmonella and Campylobacter infection","volume":"61","author":"Riddle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2012.03614.x","article-title":"Mechanisms used by virulent Salmonella to impair dendritic cell function and evade adaptive immunity","volume":"137","author":"Bueno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02253","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02253-14","article-title":"The arf GTPase- activating protein family is exploited by Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to invade nonphagocytic host cells","volume":"6","author":"Davidson","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12580","article-title":"Macrophages: sentinels and regulators of the immune system","volume":"18","author":"Franken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2011.0027","article-title":"Probiotic bacterial strains differentially modulate macrophage cytokine production in a strain-dependent and cell subset-specific manner","volume":"2","author":"Habil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1733","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00614","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms that influence the macrophage m1-m2 polarization balance","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64057-6","article-title":"Monocyte\/Macrophage activation by normal bacteria and bacterial products: implications for altered epithelial function in Crohn's disease","volume":"158","author":"Zareie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13439","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG promotes M1 polarization in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages by activating TLR2\/MyD88\/MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.010","article-title":"Salmonella require the fatty acid regulator PPAR\u03b4 for the establishment of a metabolic environment essential for long-term persistence","volume":"14","author":"Eisele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7653","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01651A","article-title":"Protective effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Salmonella via polarizing macrophages to M1 phenotype directly and to M2 depended on microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.11.002","article-title":"Salmonella effector SteE converts the mammalian serine\/threonine kinase GSK3 into a tyrosine kinase to direct macrophage polarization","volume":"27","author":"Panagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-115","article-title":"SPI-1 encoded genes of Salmonella Typhimurium influence differential polarization of porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Kyrova","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-017-0178-9","article-title":"Probiotic engineering: towards development of robust probiotic strains with enhanced functional properties and for targeted control of enteric pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Mathipa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.12.001","article-title":"Probiotics: definition, scope and mechanisms of action","volume":"30","author":"Reid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01608.x","article-title":"Characterization of lactobacilli towards their use as probiotic adjuncts in poultry","volume":"92","author":"Ehrmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i2.236","article-title":"Correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Foligne","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00723","article-title":"Modulation of macrophage function by lactobacillus-conditioned medium","volume":"8","author":"Nanjundaiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.10.005","article-title":"Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus cell-free culture supernatants modulate chicken macrophage activities","volume":"103","author":"Quinteiro-Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.07.005","article-title":"Lactobacillus crispatus mediates anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 induction in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in vitro","volume":"305","author":"Rizzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-012-0637-8","article-title":"Dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum improves phagocytic potential of macrophages in aged mice","volume":"51","author":"Kaushal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib25","first-page":"1000227","article-title":"The probiotic mixture VSL#3 alters the morphology and secretion profile of both polarized and unpolarized human macrophages in a polarization-dependent manner","volume":"5","author":"Isidro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031238","article-title":"Probiotic bacteria produce conjugated linoleic acid locally in the gut that targets macrophage PPAR-\u03b3 to suppress colitis","volume":"7","author":"Bassaganya-Riera","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2005.05.011","article-title":"Bacteriology and clinical applications","volume":"34","author":"Doron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.142","article-title":"AIM2 contributes to the maintenance of intestinal integrity via Akt and protects against Salmonella mucosal infection","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00323","article-title":"Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates Salmonella infantis-induced inflammation in a pig model via activation of the IL-22BP\/IL-22\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00299","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG use different mechanisms to prevent Salmonella infection in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3228-3241.2005","article-title":"Thomas stallmach, and wolf-dietrich hardt, comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colitis in germfree mice and mice pretreated with streptomycin","volume":"73","author":"Stecher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27224","article-title":"Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function","volume":"121","author":"Madsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib33","first-page":"4557","article-title":"A guide to histomorphological evaluation of intestinal inflammation in mouse models","volume":"7","author":"Erben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-015-9518-4","article-title":"Anti-tumour immune effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum to CT26 tumour-bearing mice","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.02.007","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide mediates time-dependent macrophage M1\/M2 polarization through the Tim-3\/Galectin-9 signalling pathway","volume":"376","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1401s83","article-title":"The isolation and characterization of murine macrophages","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Protocol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4607491","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus strains stimulate the inflammatory response and activate human macrophages","volume":"2017","author":"Rocha-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01058","article-title":"Fluorescent tracking of yeast division clarifies the essential role of spleen tyrosine kinase in the intracellular control of Candida glabrata in macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Dagher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib39","first-page":"9963 1","article-title":"Different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide regulate barrier function through the PI3K\/Akt signalling pathway in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027961","article-title":"Lysate of probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 ameliorates colitis by strengthening the gut barrier function and changing the gut microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Zakostelska","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00514","article-title":"From monocytes to M1\/M2 macrophages: phenotypical vs. Functional differentiation","volume":"5","author":"Italiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.032","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase 2 enhances the survival of mice during Salmonella Typhimurium infection-induced sepsis by increasing reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity","volume":"116","author":"Yadav","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.042","article-title":"A mouse model of Salmonella typhi infection","volume":"151","author":"Mathur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00854-13","article-title":"The mucin Muc2 limits pathogen burdens and epithelial barrier dysfunction during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis","volume":"81","author":"Zarepour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2839-2858.2003","article-title":"Pretreatment of mice with streptomycin provides a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis model that allows analysis of both pathogen and host","volume":"71","author":"Barthel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5047","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00072-06","article-title":"Chronic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced colitis and cholangitis in streptomycin-pretreated Nramp1+\/+ mice","volume":"74","author":"Stecher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01070.x","article-title":"The streptomycin mouse model for Salmonella diarrhea: functional analysis of the microbiota, the pathogen's virulence factors, and the host's mucosal immune response","volume":"245","author":"Kaiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107058","article-title":"Sodium houttuyfonate enhances the intestinal barrier and attenuates inflammation induced by Salmonella typhimurium through the NF-\u03baB pathway in mice","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.S103","article-title":"Probiotics as an immune modulator","volume":"61","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S7","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-host interactions","volume":"13","author":"Segers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02705","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG affects microbiota and suppresses autophagy in the intestines of pigs challenged with Salmonella infantis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037311","article-title":"Homeostatic regulation of Salmonella-induced mucosal inflammation and injury by IL-23","volume":"7","author":"Awoniyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24157","article-title":"Modulation of macrophage activation and programming in immunity","volume":"228","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro955","article-title":"Persistent bacterial infections: the interface of the pathogen and the host immune system","volume":"2","author":"Monack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1004","article-title":"Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: concepts and controversies","volume":"2","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3244","article-title":"Information processing during phagocytosis","volume":"12","author":"Underhill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3428","article-title":"Now you see me, now you don't: the interaction of Salmonella with innate immune receptors","volume":"13","author":"Keestra-Gounder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.06.008","article-title":"Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of two potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains by in vivo tests","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123805","article-title":"Regulation of iNOS on immune cells and its role in diseases","volume":"19","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L709","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00341.2013","article-title":"Diverse macrophage populations mediate acute lung inflammation and resolution","volume":"306","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450701264118","article-title":"The Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion systems play a major role in pathogenesis of systemic disease and gastrointestinal tract colonization of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the chicken","volume":"36","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401021002114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401021002114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:34:02Z","timestamp":1760110442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401021002114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0882401021002114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG defense against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection through modulation of M1 macrophage polarization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104939","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104939"}}