{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:53:59Z","timestamp":1772121239301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T11:00:28Z","timestamp":1635591628000},"page":"105271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces the cytotoxic effects of group B streptococcus on HeLa cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Mikhale","family":"Cajulao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3064-9","article-title":"The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health","volume":"289","author":"Borges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808418","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and desquamative inflammatory vaginitis","volume":"379","author":"Paavonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-011-0077-0","article-title":"Synergistic effect between two bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by Lactobacilli Strains with inhibitory activity for Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"64","author":"Ru\u00edz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.02.011","article-title":"Rectal colonization by group B Streptococcus as a predictor of vaginal colonization","volume":"201","author":"Meyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib5","first-page":"926","article-title":"Relationship between maternal group B streptococcal colonization and pregnancy outcome","volume":"92","author":"Kubota","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2016.06.003","article-title":"Oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 to reduce Group B Streptococcus colonization in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00027","article-title":"Group B streptococcal maternal colonization and neonatal disease: molecular mechanisms and preventative approaches","volume":"6","author":"Patras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2017.37.5.454","article-title":"Persistence of group B Streptococcus in the urogenital area","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.009","article-title":"An overview of global GBS epidemiology","volume":"31","author":"Le Doare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440300025522","article-title":"Maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) genital tract colonization at term in women who have asymptomatic GBS bacteriuria","volume":"11","author":"McKenna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.001","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus evades host immunity by degrading hyaluronan","volume":"18","author":"Kolar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.05.013","article-title":"Perinatal group B streptococcal infections: virulence factors, immunity, and prevention strategies","volume":"25","author":"Vornhagen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005816","article-title":"Membrane vesicles of group B Streptococcus disrupt feto-maternal barrier leading to preterm birth","volume":"12","author":"Surve","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00080","article-title":"Streptococcal extracellular membrane vesicles are rapidly internalized by immune cells and alter their cytokine release","volume":"11","author":"Mehanny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3495-3504.2004","article-title":"The novel fibrinogen-binding protein FbsB promotes Streptococcus agalactiae invasion into epithelial cells","volume":"72","author":"Gutekunst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03177.x","article-title":"A fibrinogen receptor from group B Streptococcus interacts with fibrinogen by repetitive units with novel ligand binding sites","volume":"46","author":"Schubert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1015531","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of selected standard strains of lactic acid bacteria producing bacteriocins\u2014pilot study","volume":"66","author":"Bodaszewska-Lubas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Post\u0119py Higieny Medycyny Do\u015bwiadczalnej"},{"issue":"5957","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175862","article-title":"Actin, a central player in cell shape and movement","volume":"326","author":"Pollard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.1.1","article-title":"F-actin bundles are derivatives of microvilli","volume":"148","author":"DeRosier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"Pt 13","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02439","article-title":"Release of extracellular membrane particles carrying the stem cell marker prominin-1 (CD133) from neural progenitors and other epithelial cells","volume":"118","author":"Marzesco","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200701144","article-title":"Myosin-1a powers the sliding of apical membrane along microvillar actin bundles","volume":"177","author":"McConnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib22","first-page":"1855","article-title":"Actin stress fibers \u2013 assembly, dynamics and biological roles","volume":"125","author":"Tojkander","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2013.05.021","article-title":"Hyaluronan production enhances shedding of plasma membrane-derived microvesicles","volume":"319","author":"Rilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.06.005","article-title":"Binding of group B streptococcal phosphoglycerate kinase to plasminogen and actin","volume":"51","author":"Boone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","article-title":"A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae","volume":"70","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib26","article-title":"16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic tree of lactobacillus species from the vagina of healthy Nigerian women","volume":"4","author":"Anukam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v9i0.1794","article-title":"Antagonistic and immunomodulant effects of two probiotic strains of lactobacillus on clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"9","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Galen Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05706-5","article-title":"Gut micobiota alteration by Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and glucose level in the adult model of Zebrafish","volume":"14","author":"Bootorabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(02)00465-0","article-title":"Oral use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 significantly alters vaginal flora: randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 64 healthy women","volume":"35","author":"Reid","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-15","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 enhances NF-kappaB activation in Escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells through TLR4","volume":"12","author":"Karlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib31","first-page":"115","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG orchestrates an anti-tumor immune response","volume":"S2352-345X","author":"Owens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.67.1.25","article-title":"Two serological types OF group B hemolytic streptococci with related, but not identical, type-specific substances","volume":"67","author":"Lancefield","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib33","first-page":"3921","article-title":"Binding and invasion of HeLa and MRC-5 cells by Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"148","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2002"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15821","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512840200","article-title":"Hyaluronan synthesis induces microvillus-like cell surface protrusions","volume":"281","author":"Kultti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib35","first-page":"1385","article-title":"A scanning microscope study of the topography of HeLa cells","volume":"34","author":"Porter","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy1030015","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria: food safety and human health applications","volume":"1","author":"Ayivi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dairy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01688.x","article-title":"Probiotics for the treatment of women with bacterial vaginosis","volume":"13","author":"Falagas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104463","article-title":"The impact of Lactobacillus on group B streptococcal interactions with cells of the extraplacental membranes","volume":"148","author":"Shiroda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2013.04.008","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus induces a caspase-dependent apoptosis in fetal rat lung interstitium","volume":"61\u201362","author":"Kling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00781-16","article-title":"Bacterial hyaluronidase promotes ascending GBS infection and preterm birth","volume":"7","author":"Vornhagen","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib41","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Overproduction of hyaluronan by expression of the hyaluronan Synthase Has2 enhances anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity","volume":"59","author":"Kosaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.30.3.805-813.1980","article-title":"Properties of a hemolysin produced by group B streptococci","volume":"30","author":"Marchlewicz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294625","article-title":"In vivo hemolytic activity of group B streptococcus is dependent on erythrocyte-bacteria contact and independent of a carrier molecule","volume":"31","author":"Platt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib44","author":"Vlad\u00e1r"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01584.x","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disrupts by calpain activation the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Fettucciari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010107","article-title":"Host- and microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles, immune function, and disease development","volume":"21","author":"Macia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.10.009","article-title":"Lactic acid is a potential virulence factor for group B Streptococcus","volume":"46","author":"Kling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2009.08.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of probiotic actions\u2014a review","volume":"300","author":"Oelschlaeger","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology: IJMM"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12725","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 upregulates hyaluronic acid production in epidermal cells and fibroblasts in mice","volume":"63","author":"Nakai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0001-2017","article-title":"Surface structures of group B Streptococcus important in human immunity","volume":"7","author":"Paoletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1086\/498982","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus crosses human epithelial cells by a paracellular route","volume":"193","author":"Soriani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401021005453?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401021005453?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:52:53Z","timestamp":1760111573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401021005453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0882401021005453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.09.17.460540","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces the cytotoxic effects of group B streptococcus on HeLa cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105271","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105271"}}