{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:35:04Z","timestamp":1792553704964,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L2124006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2124006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T20:47:56Z","timestamp":1732308476000},"page":"107147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multicenter systematic review of clinical characteristics, diagnostic optimization, and personalized treatment for brain Nocardia infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2943-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jirao","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.230673","article-title":"Invasive nocardia infections across distinct geographic regions, United States","volume":"29","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.011","article-title":"Nocardia bacteremia: a single-center retrospective review and a systematic review of the literature","volume":"92","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000782","article-title":"Management dilemmas in Nocardia brain infection","volume":"34","author":"Lebeaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S708","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx163.1902","article-title":"Nocardia infections: comparison of manifestations and outcomes in immunocompromised (IC) and non-immunocompromised (Non-IC) patients","volume":"4","author":"Steinbrink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200134","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic characteristics of nocardia vs non- nocardia brain abscesses","volume":"13","author":"LaHue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib6","article-title":"Susceptibility profiles of Nocardia spp. to antimicrobial and antituberculotic agents detected by a microplate Alamar Blue assay","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib7","article-title":"Multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia farcinica infection after hand injury: a case report and literature review","volume":"103","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"M\u00e9d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nocardia thailandica brain abscess in an immunocompromised patient, case rep","volume":"2021","author":"Effendi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Disp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211000970","article-title":"Disseminated nocardiosis involving the central nervous system in the context of newly diagnosed HIV infection: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib10","article-title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the nocardia species in China, 2009 to 2021","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-217337","article-title":"First reported case of disseminated Nocardia kroppenstedtii sp nov. infection presenting with brain abscess and endocarditis in an immunocompromised patient with mantle cell lymphoma: challenges in diagnosis and treatment","author":"Majeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3002.230639","article-title":"Obstetric and neonatal invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, western Australia, Australia","volume":"30","author":"Hart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01119-w","article-title":"Central nervous system infections in immunocompromised patients","volume":"21","author":"Pruitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI159348","article-title":"Human Dectin-1 deficiency impairs macrophage-mediated defense against phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"132","author":"Drummond","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.13104\/jksmrm.2013.17.1.50","article-title":"Nocardia brain abscess mimicking a metastatic brain tumor: a severe CNS infection requiring aggressive management","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib16","first-page":"357","article-title":"The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology","author":"m","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05052-0","article-title":"A clinical case report of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in a non-immunocompromised patient and a relevant literature review","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.7.2.213","article-title":"Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships","volume":"7","author":"Beaman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13509","article-title":"Nocardia infections in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the infectious diseases community of practice of the American society of transplantation","volume":"33","author":"Restrepo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016","article-title":"Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview","volume":"87","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy","volume":"19","author":"Brown-Elliott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004344","article-title":"Unanswered questions on the management of nocardia infections in transplant recipients","volume":"107","author":"Clemente","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181cec4be","article-title":"Lung scedosporiosis in human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"339","author":"Sarva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.012","article-title":"Disseminated Nocardia farcinica: literature review and fatal outcome in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"13","author":"Budzik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751","article-title":"Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen detection","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.10.031","article-title":"Nocardia elegans infection: a case report and literature review","volume":"54","author":"Nakamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e848","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000848","article-title":"Successful treatment of multifoci nocardial brain abscesses: a case report and literature review","volume":"94","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1227-9","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of infections caused by various Nocardia species in Taiwan: a multicenter study from 1998 to 2010","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.019","article-title":"How do I manage nocardiosis?","volume":"27","author":"Margalit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95870-2","article-title":"Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Nocardia species clinically isolated in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Toyokawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011432","article-title":"The species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Nocardia species in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02950.x","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Nocardiosis including those caused by emerging Nocardia species in Taiwan, 1998-2008","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008280","article-title":"Pathogenic nocardia: a diverse genus of emerging pathogens or just poorly recognized?","volume":"16","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib34","first-page":"689","article-title":"Cerebral nocardiosis in immunosuppressed patients: five cases","volume":"72","author":"Barnicoat","year":"1989","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590410025353","article-title":"Nocardial infection in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients","volume":"38","author":"Queipo-Zaragoz\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2014.07.004","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"31","author":"Barber\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. De. Micol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib37","first-page":"118","article-title":"478 long-term outcomes of patients with complications from multi-modal monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"68","author":"Pease","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722345","article-title":"Diagnosis and neurosurgical management of cerebral nocardiosis","volume":"82","author":"Karam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Surg. Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib39","first-page":"51","article-title":"Disseminated Nocardia infection in a female patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and long-term glucocorticoid use, Hong Kong J. Emerg","volume":"27","author":"S","year":"2020","journal-title":"M\u00e9d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib40","article-title":"Immunocompetent patient with a brain abscess caused by Nocardia beijingensis in Latin America","volume":"98","author":"Solano-Varela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib41","first-page":"531","article-title":"Clinical nocardia species: identification, clinical characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility in shandong, China, Bosn. J","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.03.626","article-title":"In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Nocardia species","volume":"21","author":"M C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00413.x","article-title":"Nocardia farcinica pericarditis after kidney transplantation despite prophylaxis: case report","volume":"11","author":"McPhee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.851-856.2003","article-title":"Phylogeny of the genus Nocardia based on reassessed 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals underspeciation and division of strains classified as Nocardia asteroides into three established species and two unnamed taxons","volume":"41","author":"Roth","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.5.1079-1082.1996","article-title":"Ribotyping: a tool for taxonomy and identification of the Nocardia asteroides complex species","volume":"34","author":"Laurent","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib46","article-title":"A rare case of drug-resistant nocardia transvalensis infection in a renal transplant patient, J. Investig. Med","volume":"8","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"High Impact Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_233","article-title":"Two cases of Nocardia bacteraemia in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"38","author":"Iyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401024006144?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401024006144?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T21:22:57Z","timestamp":1733952177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401024006144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0882401024006144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multicenter systematic review of clinical characteristics, diagnostic optimization, and personalized treatment for brain Nocardia infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107147","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107147"}}