{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:33:31Z","timestamp":1772930011871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T15:32:16Z","timestamp":1769355136000},"page":"108319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk factors for sputum smear-positive in COPD patients first diagnosed with active tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Daoyan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Qing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib1","author":"Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216500","article-title":"Previous tuberculosis disease as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional analysis of multicountry, population-based studies","volume":"77","author":"Kamenar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000938","article-title":"Interrelationships between tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"29","author":"Zavala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002771","article-title":"Post-tuberculosis lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"136","author":"Gai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib6","first-page":"263","article-title":"Tuberculosis and its incidence, special nature, and relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2933","article-title":"COPD stage and risk of hospitalization for infectious disease","volume":"134","author":"Benfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010138","article-title":"COPD and the risk of tuberculosis--a population-based cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Inghammar","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-194","article-title":"Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062378","article-title":"The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"26","author":"Kotlyarov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0129","article-title":"Grading of a positive sputum smear and the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission","volume":"16","author":"Lohmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Tubercul. Lung Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1005750","article-title":"Clinical practice. Latent tuberculosis infection in the United States","volume":"364","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2062","article-title":"Cough and sputum production are associated with frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations in COPD subjects","volume":"135","author":"Burgel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2019.05.003","article-title":"Is cough really necessary for TB transmission?","volume":"117","author":"Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0652","article-title":"Daily cough frequency in tuberculosis and association with household infection","volume":"22","author":"Turner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Tubercul. Lung Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib16","series-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000012281","article-title":"Mastectomy skin flap necrosis after implant-based breast reconstruction: intraoperative predictors and indocyanine green angiography","volume":"157","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08568-3","article-title":"Comorbidity and drug resistance of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the yi autonomous prefecture of China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.864817","article-title":"The impact of alcohol use disorder on tuberculosis: a review of the epidemiology and potential immunologic mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Wigger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-11-200906020-00004","article-title":"Predictors of extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"150","author":"Kliiman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264852","article-title":"Alcohol drinking delays the rate of sputum smear conversion among DR-TB patients in northwest Ethiopia; A retrospective follow-up study","volume":"17","author":"Merid","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199320","article-title":"Time to sputum culture conversion and its determinants among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients at public hospitals of the Amhara Regional State: a multicenter retrospective follow up study","volume":"13","author":"Yihunie Akalu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1389823","article-title":"Autophagy and inflammation in chronic respiratory disease","volume":"14","author":"Racanelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31097","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated innate immune resistance to mycobacteria","volume":"117","author":"Martineau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1257267","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA expression in PBMCs of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00903","article-title":"Differential effect of viable versus necrotic neutrophils on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and cytokine induction in whole blood","volume":"9","author":"Lowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2285924","article-title":"Prediction value of neutrophil and eosinophil count at risk of COPD exacerbation","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14857","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14857","article-title":"Effects of protein calorie malnutrition on tuberculosis in mice","volume":"93","author":"Chan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac915","article-title":"Impact of undernutrition on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in India: a multicenter, prospective, cohort analysis","volume":"76","author":"Sinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1017967","article-title":"Effects of smoking on the severity and transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis: a hospital-based case control study","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08183-2","article-title":"Impaired pulmonary function and associated factors in the elderly with tuberculosis on admission: a preliminary report","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1186191","article-title":"The performance of tongue swabs for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Ealand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102191","article-title":"Association of diabetes, smoking, and alcohol use with subclinical-to-symptomatic spectrum of tuberculosis in 16 countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis of national tuberculosis prevalence surveys","volume":"63","author":"Hamada","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026000458?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026000458?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:23:41Z","timestamp":1771921421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401026000458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0882401026000458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for sputum smear-positive in COPD patients first diagnosed with active tuberculosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108319","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108319"}}