{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:30:29Z","timestamp":1789619429598,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:18:14Z","timestamp":1783437494000},"page":"108685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dihalogenated indoles with antimicrobial activity against C. acnes and polymicrobial biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4197-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sacheera","family":"Angulmaduwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratupaskatiye G.G.","family":"Roshan Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Guy","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jintae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.29","article-title":"Acne Vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Tuchayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"9859","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","article-title":"Years lived with Disability (YLDs) for 1160 Sequelae of 289 Diseases and Injuries 1990\u20132010: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Vos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55094-6","article-title":"Prevalence of acne and its impact on quality of life and practices regarding self-treatment among medical students","volume":"14","author":"Dabash","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5684","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100330","article-title":"The complete genome sequence of Propionibacterium acnes , a commensal of human skin","volume":"305","author":"Br\u00fcggemann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15043","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and Acne Vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates","volume":"32","author":"Dr\u00e9no","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001367","article-title":"The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus propionibacterium to the proposed novel Genera Acidipropionibacterium Gen. Nov., Cutibacterium Gen. Nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium Gen. Nov","volume":"66","author":"Scholz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/804391","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes : an underestimated pathogen in implant-associated infections","author":"Portillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20376","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c06328","article-title":"Red light-mediated photoredox catalysis triggers nitric oxide release for treatment of Cutibacterium acne induced intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2014.65","article-title":"Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2021.100063","article-title":"The role of biofilm Formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes","volume":"4","author":"Coenye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13296","article-title":"Skin Microbiome and Acne Vulgaris : staphylococcus , a New Actor in Acne","volume":"26","author":"Dreno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-020-00108-9","article-title":"Antibiotic resistant Cutibacterium acnes among acne patients in Jordan: a cross sectional Study","volume":"20","author":"Alkhawaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01626.x","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of microbial strains isolated from Korean acne patients","volume":"39","author":"Moon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib14","article-title":"Methods report on the development of the European Evidence\u2010based (S3) Guideline for the treatment of acne \u2013 Update 2016","volume":"30","author":"Nast","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111422","article-title":"The role of the skin microbiome in acne: challenges and future therapeutic opportunities","volume":"25","author":"Nied\u017awiedzka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.123.000863","article-title":"Halogenated antimicrobial agents to combat drug-resistant pathogens","volume":"76","author":"Faleye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153710","article-title":"Antibiofilm activities of fatty acids including myristoleic acid against Cutibacterium acnes via reduced cell hydrophobicity","volume":"91","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031386","article-title":"Antibiofilm activities of halogenated pyrimidines against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"26","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf347","article-title":"Impact of halogenation on scaffold toxicity assessed using HD-GEM machine learning model","volume":"26","author":"Boya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinf."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070862","article-title":"A fine-tuned Lipophilicity\/Hydrophilicity ratio governs antibacterial potency and selectivity of Bifurcated Halogen Bond-Forming NBTIs","volume":"10","author":"Kolari\u010d","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5014","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.0c00869","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of fluorinated polymers with embedded functionalized nanodiamonds","volume":"2","author":"Nunes-Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13100930","article-title":"Enhancement of fluoride's antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against oral Staphylococcus aureus by the urea Derivative BPU","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.08.001","article-title":"Roles of indole as an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107080","article-title":"Antibiofilm and antivirulence potentials of iodinated fmoc-phenylalanine against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"197","author":"Faleye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262210836","article-title":"Antifungal activities of multi-halogenated indoles against drug-resistant Candida species","volume":"26","author":"Jeong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70280","article-title":"Multi\u2010Halogenated Indoles as antimicrobial and antivirulence agents against drug\u2010resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"18","author":"Sim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14069","article-title":"High bacterial colonization and lipase activity in microcomedones","volume":"29","author":"Josse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02056-21","article-title":"The anticancer agent 3,3\u2019-Diindolylmethane inhibits multispecies biofilm Formation by acne-causing bacteria and Candida albicans","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2182","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis \u2014 the \u2018accidental\u2019 Pathogen","volume":"7","author":"Otto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib30","series-title":"CLSI Standard M11","article-title":"Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051047","article-title":"Phytopigment alizarin inhibits multispecies biofilm development by Cutibacterium acnes Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042426","article-title":"Inhibition of biofilm Formation in Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans by the phytopigment shikonin","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00291.x","article-title":"Microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons: Twenty-Five years of doing MATH","volume":"262","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1980.tb05599.x","article-title":"Adherence of bacteria to hydrocarbons: a simple method for measuring cell-surface hydrophobicity","volume":"9","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib35","article-title":"Determination of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) using a modified phenol-sulfuric acid (PSA) assay for sugars V1","author":"Deming","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protocols io"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318706","article-title":"The binding modes of Brazilin and hematein from Caesalpinia sappan L. to Cutibacterium acnes lipase: simulation studies","volume":"20","author":"Pengsawang","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0558-5","article-title":"Host-Microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of Acne Vulgaris","volume":"6","author":"O'Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00204.x","article-title":"Indole as an intercellular signal in microbial communities","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102575","article-title":"Porphyrins produced by acneic Cutibacterium acnes strains activate the inflammasome by inducing K+ leakage","volume":"24","author":"Spittaels","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.384","article-title":"Sebum free Fatty acids enhance the innate immune defense of human sebocytes by upregulating \u03b2-Defensin-2 expression","volume":"130","author":"Nakatsuji","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000397","article-title":"Development of skin sebum medium and inhibition of lipase activity in Cutibacterium acnes by oleic acid","volume":"4","author":"Nakase","year":"2022","journal-title":"Access Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25436-3","article-title":"Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Cavallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012277","article-title":"Population genetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes identifies a subpopulation and epidemic clones associated with acne","volume":"5","author":"Lomholt","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111752","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes: two Major sentinels of skin Microbiota and the influence of cosmetics","volume":"8","author":"Fourni\u00e8re","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02912","article-title":"Regulation of monospecies and mixed biofilms Formation of skin Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes by human natriuretic peptides","volume":"9","author":"Gannesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12074","article-title":"Development of a novel Ex vivo porcine skin explant model for the assessment of mature bacterial biofilms","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.10.023","article-title":"The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin","volume":"66","author":"Summerfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.RA119000279","article-title":"The grease trap: uncovering the mechanism of the hydrophobic lid in Cutibacterium acnes lipase","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-022-05289-3","article-title":"Identification of natural inhibitors to inhibit C. acnes lipase through docking and simulation studies","volume":"28","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1177(03)00053-5","article-title":"Lipase inhibitors for the treatment of acne","volume":"22","author":"Higaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12464","article-title":"Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes lipase activity by the antifungal agent Ketoconazole","volume":"61","author":"Unno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1021\/ci400539q","article-title":"Halogen bond: its role beyond drug\u2013target binding affinity for drug discovery and development","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17194","article-title":"Biofilm of Cutibacterium acnes: a target of different active substances","volume":"63","author":"d'Epenoux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16064","article-title":"Acne Fulminans and Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes","volume":"34","author":"Bocquet\u2010Tr\u00e9moureux","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026004110?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026004110?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1784529390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401026004110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0882401026004110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dihalogenated indoles with antimicrobial activity against C. acnes and polymicrobial biofilms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108685","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108685"}}