{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:12:33Z","timestamp":1788361953355,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010728","name":"ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:12:16Z","timestamp":1784855536000},"page":"108714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Co-infection of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus (CIAV) and Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) in SPF chicks reveals altered viral dynamics, severe immunopathology and compromised host immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Shyma K.","family":"Latheef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Dhama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asok Kumar","family":"Mariappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari Abdul","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sruthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Sacchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavani","family":"Puvvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhana P.","family":"Muquit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manmohan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933916000829","article-title":"Immunosuppressive interactions of viral diseases in poultry","volume":"73","author":"Umar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib2","series-title":"Pathology and Molecular Characterisation of Immunosuppressive Viral Pathogens in Chickens, M.V.Sc. Thesis","author":"Chaitanya","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.18006\/2019.7(4).418.422","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of apoptosis induced changes in thymocytes of SPF chicks co-infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV)","volume":"7","author":"Latheef","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib4","first-page":"1838","article-title":"Dynamic pathology and antigen location study on broiler breeders with coinfection of MDV and REV","volume":"41","author":"Diao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Agric. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100339","article-title":"First report of co-infections of Marek's disease virus and chicken infectious anaemia virus in poultry flocks in Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Adedeji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.17221\/7244-VETMED","article-title":"Correlation between cytokine profile, antibody titre and viral load","volume":"59","author":"Wani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01863","article-title":"Depression of vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease by infection with chicken infectious anemia virus","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2019.1637821","article-title":"Chicken infectious anemia virus infections in chickens in northern Vietnam: epidemiological features and genetic characterization of the causative agent","volume":"49","author":"Huynh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib9","first-page":"90","article-title":"Co-infection of ALV-J with REV, MDV,CAV in layer flocks, Chin. J","volume":"32","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.05.004","article-title":"Persistence of inclusions and antigens of chicken anemia virus in Marek's disease lymphoma","volume":"93","author":"Haridy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/v18020227","article-title":"Co-infection and phylogenetic evolution of CIAV in Marek's disease tumour-bearing flocks in Central China","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2024.100339","article-title":"First report of co-infections of Marek's disease virus and chicken infectious anaemia virus in poultry flocks in Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Adedeji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib13","first-page":"77","article-title":"Molecular and pathological investigations of Marek's disease outbreaks in vaccinated poultry farms in Plateau State, North Central-Nigeria","volume":"58","author":"Adedeji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Ital."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050620","article-title":"Co-infection of chicken infectious anemia virus and fowl adenovirus serotype E8b increases mortality in chickens","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib15","first-page":"151","article-title":"Chicken infectious anaemia","volume":"331","author":"Schat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib16","series-title":"Chicken Infectious Anaemia: an Economically Important Immunodepressive Viral Disease of Poultry","first-page":"1","author":"Dhama","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-189","article-title":"Epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in Central Africa","volume":"9","author":"Snoeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib18","first-page":"158","article-title":"Chicken infectious anaemia virus: an immunosuppressive pathogen of poultry \u2013 a review","volume":"32","author":"Dhama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.766668","article-title":"Molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus in Iran","volume":"42","author":"Nayabian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040740","article-title":"Synergy of Subgroup J avian leukosis virus and chicken infectious anemia virus enhances the pathogenicity in chickens","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00457-12","article-title":"Differential detection of avian oncogenic viruses using multiplex PCR","volume":"50","author":"Gopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2020.1729674","article-title":"Marek's disease: emerging threat in Indian poultry","volume":"76","author":"Kannaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0493-7","article-title":"Outbreak of Marek's disease in vaccinated flock","volume":"11","author":"Zhuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01215.x","article-title":"Prevalence of chicken infectious anaemia virus in commercial poultry flocks of northern India: a serological survey","volume":"58","author":"Bhatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.11.017","article-title":"Molecular characterization of chicken nemia virus outbreaks in Nagpur province, India (2012\u20132015)","volume":"102","author":"Ganar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.05.003","article-title":"Impact of virus load on immunocytological and histopathological parameters during clinical chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection in poultry","volume":"96","author":"Wani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2025.2557471","article-title":"Detailed molecular investigation of Marek's disease virus circulating in organised poultry farms in India revealed emergence of highly virulent MDV causing varied tissue tropism","volume":"67","author":"Mariappan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.762-768.2003","article-title":"Differential cytokine responses following Marek's disease virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Kaiser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(03)00013-2","article-title":"Identification of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide motifs that stimulate nitric oxide and cytokine production in avian macrophage and peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7030106","article-title":"Immunomodulatory potential of Tinospora cordifolia and CpG ODN (TLR21 agonist) against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in SPF chicks","volume":"7","author":"Sachan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(03)00223-0","article-title":"A method for the absolute quantification of cDNA using real-time PCR","volume":"278","author":"Whelan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9296520","article-title":"Scoring System for lesions induced by different strains of Newcastle disease virus in chicken","volume":"2018","author":"Hussein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.10.003","article-title":"Chicken anaemia virus-induced apoptosis mechanisms","volume":"98","author":"Noteborn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9433","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00936-16","article-title":"Activation of chicken anemia virus apoptin protein by Chk1\/2 phosphorylation","volume":"90","author":"Kucharski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120356","article-title":"Viral infection and apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Kvansakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459508419046","article-title":"Molecular basis of pathogenicity of chicken anaemia virus","volume":"24","author":"Noteborn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7072","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.15.7072-7078.2000","article-title":"The chicken anemia virus-derived protein apoptin requires activation of caspases for induction of apoptosis in human tumor cells","volume":"74","author":"Danen-van Oorschot","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.7.4545-4549.2005","article-title":"The pp38 gene of Marek's disease virus is necessary for cytolytic infection of B cells and maintenance of the transformed state","volume":"79","author":"Gimeno","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0404-3","article-title":"Marek's disease in chickens: a review with focus on immunology","volume":"47","author":"Boodhoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092152699","article-title":"Rescue of pathogenic MDV using cosmid DNAs","volume":"99","author":"Reddy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib45","series-title":"Isolation and Identification of a Field Isolate of Marek's Disease Virus with Acute Oncogenicity","first-page":"218","author":"Zuo","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00076-2","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of chicken anemia virus infection","volume":"24","author":"Adair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1993.9694379","article-title":"Chicken anaemia virus influences Marek's disease pathogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Jeurissen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2010.0064","article-title":"Chicken anemia virus: In-vitro host response over time","volume":"24","author":"Crowley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2307\/1593006","article-title":"Coinfection of SPF chickens with MDV and CAV","volume":"45","author":"Miles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0400","article-title":"MDV-specific cell-mediated immune responses","volume":"222","author":"Omar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.646238","article-title":"The long view: 40 years of Marek's disease research and avian pathology","volume":"41","author":"Biggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00076-2","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of chicken anemia virus infection","volume":"24","author":"Adair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib53","series-title":"Marek's Disease","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Marek's disease virus infection","author":"Calnek","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450600717349","article-title":"Oral inoculation of chicken anaemia virus causes lymphocyte depletion","volume":"35","author":"Smyth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib55","series-title":"Proc. Int. Symp. Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anemia","first-page":"392","article-title":"Histopathology in chicks dually inoculated with chicken anemia virus and Marek's disease virus","author":"Goryo","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib56","series-title":"Current Progress on Marek's Disease Research, AAAP","article-title":"Interaction between MDV and chicken infectious anemia virus","author":"Zanella","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450310001652103","article-title":"Characterization of four very virulent Argentinian strains of Marek's disease virus and their influence on vaccine virus synergism","volume":"33","author":"Buscaglia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib58","first-page":"759","article-title":"Chicken infectious anaemia: an immunosuppressive disease, World's Poult","volume":"70","author":"Umar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib59","first-page":"115","article-title":"Immunomodulatory efficacy of herbal extracts against chicken infectious anaemia","volume":"28","author":"Latheef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001011","article-title":"Chicken anaemia virus evades host immune responses in transformed lymphocytes","volume":"99","author":"Giotis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0092","article-title":"MDV influence on IFN-\u03b3 inducible MHC II expression","volume":"23","author":"Thanthrige-Don","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2009.00109.x","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in chickens infected with Marek's disease viruses","volume":"53","author":"Kano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00008.x","article-title":"Expression of cytokine genes in MDV-infected chickens","volume":"100","author":"Xing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0576","article-title":"Nitric oxide inhibits Marek's disease virus replication but is not the single decisive factor in interferon-gamma-mediated viral inhibition","volume":"277","author":"Djeraba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00412-3","article-title":"Similar pattern of iNOS expression, NO production and cytokine response in genetic and vaccination-acquired resistance to Marek's disease","volume":"85","author":"Djeraba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.08.006","article-title":"Cytokine gene expression patterns associated with immunization against Marek's disease in chickens","volume":"25","author":"Abdul-Careem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00360-9","article-title":"Characterization of chicken cytokines homologous to IL-15 and IL-2","volume":"82","author":"Lillehoj","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(01)00034-0","article-title":"Kinetics of IL-2 production in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella","volume":"25","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5472","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 and IFN-\u03b1 down-regulate IL-4 receptor expression","volume":"165","author":"So","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1062","article-title":"Effect of Th2 cytokine antagonist treatments on chemical-induced allergic response in mice","volume":"25","author":"Ban","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib28","first-page":"145","article-title":"Molecular detection and epidemiology of chicken infectious anaemia virus in India, South Asian","volume":"3","author":"Wani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib29","first-page":"136","article-title":"Multiple infections of chickens and turkeys with avian oncogenic viruses: prevalence and molecular analysis","volume":"43","author":"Davidson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-64","article-title":"Induction of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors in chickens infected with avianH9N2 influenza virus","volume":"42","author":"Nang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-14-90","article-title":"The sodium channel gene family is specifically expressed in hen uterus and associated with eggshell quality traits","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Genet."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026004407?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026004407?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:13:12Z","timestamp":1788358392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401026004407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0882401026004407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-infection of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus (CIAV) and Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) in SPF chicks reveals altered viral dynamics, severe immunopathology and compromised host immune responses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108714","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108714"}}