{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:13:02Z","timestamp":1788361982296,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Government of India Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:26:51Z","timestamp":1785799611000},"page":"108748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development and evaluation of a virus like particle based vaccine candidate against Indian Isolate of porcine circovirus 2d in pig"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Rajib","family":"Deb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemanta Kumar","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Madhanmohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyanendra Singh","family":"Sengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema Rani","family":"Pegu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indrajit","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Parthiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar Ashok","family":"Khulape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranab Jyoti","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaraj","family":"Rajkhowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814521245","article-title":"Porcine circovirus: a historical perspective","volume":"51","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/4921135","article-title":"Emerging challenges and advances in porcine circovirus: a decade in review","volume":"2026","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198044","article-title":"Porcine circoviruses: current status, knowledge gaps and challenges","volume":"286","author":"Opriessnig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12111285","article-title":"Newcastle disease virus expressing cap gene of Porcine circovirus type 2 confers protection in mice and induced long-lasting neutralizing antibodies in pigs","volume":"12","author":"Dey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1711361","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 2 and its related viruses","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-025-01138-5","article-title":"Cellular immune signatures and differences of four porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines to heterologous PCV2d infection","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020185","article-title":"Co-Infection of swine with Porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viruses","volume":"11","author":"Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2023.2234430","article-title":"Mechanisms of circovirus immunosuppression and pathogenesis with a focus on porcine circovirus 2: a review","volume":"43","author":"Feh\u00e9r","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208585","article-title":"Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) genotype update and proposal of a new genotyping methodology","volume":"13","author":"Franzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13467","article-title":"Genetic diversity and prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) and type 2 (PCV2) in the Midwest of the USA during 2016\u20132018","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14158","article-title":"Emergence of novel Porcine circovirus 2 genotypes in Southern India","volume":"69","author":"Parthiban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1500498","article-title":"An updated phylogeography and population dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: are they reaching an equilibrium?","volume":"15","author":"Franzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2535472","article-title":"Amino acid mutations of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid protein increase virus binding to host and evade immune responses: an evaluation of viral evolution","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041463","article-title":"A porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) mutant with 234 amino acids in capsid protein showed more virulence in vivo, compared with classical PCV2a\/b strain","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.066423-0","article-title":"Mutant USA strain of porcine circovirus type 2 (mPCV2) exhibits similar virulence to the classical PCV2a and PCV2b strains in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs","volume":"95","author":"Opriessnig","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.05.002","article-title":"National reduction in porcine circovirus type 2 prevalence following introduction of vaccination","volume":"189","author":"Dvorak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.10.002","article-title":"Ten years of PCV2 vaccines and vaccination: is eradication a possibility?","volume":"206","author":"Afghah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6030061","article-title":"Efficacy of a commercial PCV2a vaccine with a two-dose regimen against PCV2d","volume":"6","author":"Kolyvushko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib19","first-page":"259","article-title":"The emergence of a new strain of porcine circovirus-2 in Ontario and Quebec swine and its association with severe porcine circovirus associated disease-2004\u20132006","volume":"72","author":"Carman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.030","article-title":"A PCV2 vaccine based on genotype 2b is more effective than a 2a-based vaccine to protect against PCV2b or combined PCV2a\/2b viremia in pigs with concurrent PCV2, PRRSV and PPV infection","volume":"31","author":"Opriessing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1156-2","article-title":"A candidate DNA vaccine encoding a fusion protein of porcine complement C3d-P28 and ORF2 of porcine circovirus type 2 induces cross-protective immunity against PCV2b and PCV2d in pigs","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-019-00827-9","article-title":"Construction of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain expressing the capsid protein of Porcine Circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) as an oral vaccine","volume":"59","author":"Tseng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02345-12","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of a novel porcine circovirus type 2b variant present in cases of vaccine failures in the United States","volume":"86","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00163-14","article-title":"Identification of an emergent porcine circovirus-2 in vaccinated pigs from a Brazilian farm during a postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome outbreak","volume":"2","author":"Salgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2164-6","article-title":"Genetic and antigenic characterization of a newly emerging porcine circovirus type 2b mutant first isolated in cases of vaccine failure in Korea","volume":"159","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.01.013","article-title":"Detection of a new cluster of porcine circovirus type 2b strains in domestic pigs in Germany","volume":"176","author":"Eddicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.05.023","article-title":"First identification of Porcine Circovirus Type 2b mutant in pigs from Uruguay","volume":"33","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.12.013","article-title":"Evaluation of novel recombinant porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) vaccine in pigs naturally infected with PCV2d","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.02.025","article-title":"Porcine circovirus 2 in the North Eastern region of India: disease prevalence and genetic variation among the isolates from areas of intensive pig rearing","volume":"182","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.01.006","article-title":"General characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 samples from India: indications for emergence of natural inter-genotypic recombinants","volume":"31","author":"Anoopraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12977","article-title":"The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: a retrospective study from 2011 to 2017","volume":"65","author":"Barman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104775","article-title":"Emergence of porcine circovirus 2g (PCV2g) and evidence for recombination between genotypes 2g, 2b and 2d among field isolates from non-vaccinated pigs in Mizoram, India","volume":"90","author":"Rajkhowa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib33","first-page":"331","article-title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 2 from Kerala, India","volume":"34","author":"Somashekara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib34","series-title":"Ball Virus Taxonomy, Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses","first-page":"327","article-title":"Circoviridae","author":"Todd","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8100211","article-title":"Fusion expression and immune effect of PCV2 cap protein tandem multiantigen epitopes with CD154\/GM-CSF","volume":"8","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7856","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-11","article-title":"The 2.3-Angstrom Structure of Porcine Circovirus 2","volume":"85","author":"Khayat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2015.12.006","article-title":"2.9 \u00c5 resolution Cryo-EM 3D reconstruction of close-packed virus particles","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1334968","article-title":"A porcine circovirus type 2d-based virus-like particle vaccine induces humoral and cellular immune responses and effectively protects pigs against PCV2d challenge","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3390\/v14092005","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines: commercial application and research advances","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000100","article-title":"Global molecular genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) sequences confirms the presence of four main PCV2 genotypes and reveals a rapid increase of PCV2d","volume":"96","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/v9050099","article-title":"Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines in the context of Current molecular epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Karuppannan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-10-50","article-title":"Ao38, a new cell line from eggs of the black witch moth, Ascalapha odorata (Lepidoptera: noctuidae), is permissive for AcMNPV infection and produces high levels of recombinant proteins","volume":"10","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-013-1429-6","article-title":"Tnao38, high five and Sf9--evaluation of host-virus interactions in three different insect cell lines: baculovirus production and recombinant protein expression","volume":"36","author":"Wilde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.09.018","article-title":"Deciphering the involvement of cytokines in porcine immune responses using quantitative PCR","volume":"102","author":"Royaee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00232","article-title":"Strain- and dose-dependent reduction of Toxoplasma gondii burden in pigs is associated with Interferon-Gamma production by CD8+ lymphocytes in a heterologous challenge model","volume":"7","author":"Jennes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.03.006","article-title":"Identification of key immune genes in pigs using quantitative RT-PCR","volume":"100","author":"Dawson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003255","article-title":"Rational engineering of recombinant picornavirus capsids to produce safe, protective vaccine antigen","volume":"9","author":"Porta","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70001","article-title":"A field evaluation of a new porcine circovirus type 2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bivalent vaccine in herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia","volume":"10","author":"Ham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib46","first-page":"711","article-title":"Isolation of whole mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and cord blood","volume":"85","author":"Fuss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.06.010","article-title":"Development and validation of a SYBR green real-time PCR for the quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 in serum, buffy coat, feces, and multiple tissues","volume":"133","author":"McIntosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04831-z","article-title":"Deletion of a decoy epitope in porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) capsid protein affects the protective immune response in mice","volume":"165","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2022.146670","article-title":"Porcine Circovirus type 2 infected myocardial tissue transcriptome signature","volume":"836","author":"Deb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11081308","article-title":"Revisiting porcine circovirus infection: recent insights and its significance in the piggery sector","volume":"11","author":"Maity","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121049","article-title":"Porcine Circovirus 2 genotypes, immunity and vaccines: multiple genotypes but one single serotype","volume":"9","author":"Franzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-05134-8","article-title":"Knowledge gaps in research and control of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections","volume":"22","author":"Segal\u00e9s","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-9-2281","article-title":"Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein","volume":"81","author":"Nawagitgul","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/295064a0","article-title":"A very small porcine virus with circular single-stranded DNA","volume":"295","author":"Tischer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091145","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214126","article-title":"Immunogenicity and immunoprotection of PCV2 virus-like particles incorporating dominant T and B cell antigenic epitopes paired with CD154 molecules in piglets and mice","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22941","article-title":"Both recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing PCV2d Cap protein and PCV2d-VLPs can stimulate strong protective immune responses in mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126549","article-title":"The stability of PCV2 virus-like particles from mammalian cells and challenges for biotechnological applications","volume":"44","author":"Olivero-Deibe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s44149-021-00027-3","article-title":"Host immune response to infection with porcine circoviruses","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10020080","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV) vaccines against experimental heterologous PCV2d challenges","volume":"10","author":"Wongchanapai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.06.031","article-title":"Commercial porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines: efficacy and clinical application","volume":"194","author":"Chae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0058","article-title":"Effect of maternal antibody transfer on antibody dynamics and control of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in offspring","volume":"31","author":"Dvorak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.03.002","article-title":"Evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) vaccine efficacy against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge","volume":"231","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.03.025","article-title":"Immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity against Porcine circovirus type 2","volume":"136","author":"Kekarainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.12.008","article-title":"One dose of a porcine circovirus 2 subunit vaccine induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protects against porcine circovirus-associated disease under field conditions","volume":"149","author":"Martelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.09.041","article-title":"Efficacy and future prospects of commercially available and experimental vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)","volume":"164","author":"Beach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13010024","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles using a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020174","article-title":"Multiple levels of immunological memory and their Association with vaccination","volume":"9","author":"Bugya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-5-45","article-title":"Cellular adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 in sub-clinically infected pigs","volume":"5","author":"Steiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.08.013","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immunity following vaccination with two different PCV2 vaccines (containing PCV2a or PCV2a\/PCV2b) and challenge with virulent PCV2d","volume":"39","author":"Venegas-Vargas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib72","article-title":"A porcine circovirus type 2d-based virus-like particle subunit vaccine effectively protects pigs against homologous challenge","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02560-8","article-title":"Immune responses induced by a combined vaccination with a recombinant chimera of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens and capsid virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2","volume":"16","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib74","article-title":"Development of a novel PCV2 and PCV3 vaccine using virus-like vesicles incorporating Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus-containing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib75","article-title":"Expression profile of MHC class-II trans activator gene in pig immunized with recombinant virus like particles encoding porcine circovirus 2d","volume":"217","author":"Varay","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.021","article-title":"Cytokine mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from piglets experimentally co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2","volume":"140","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11091447","article-title":"Selection and evaluation of Porcine circovirus (PCV) 2d vaccine strains to protect against currently prevalent PCV2","volume":"11","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16050830","article-title":"Comparative safety and efficacy of commercial porcine vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2)","volume":"16","author":"Simon-Grif\u00e9","year":"2026","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.10.007","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections: clinical signs, pathology and laboratory diagnosis","volume":"164","author":"Segales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-031412-103720","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system","volume":"1","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.11.006","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) distribution and replication in tissues and immune cells in early infected pigs","volume":"115","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/6362100","article-title":"Comparative pathogenicity of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 in piglets: insights into clinical, pathological, and immunological features","volume":"2025","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."}],"container-title":["Microbial Pathogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026004742?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882401026004742?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:18:05Z","timestamp":1788358685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882401026004742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0882401026004742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-4010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-4010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and evaluation of a virus like particle based vaccine candidate against Indian Isolate of porcine circovirus 2d in pig","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbial Pathogenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2026.108748","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108748"}}