{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:49:31Z","timestamp":1792108171346,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81702213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81702213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:11:29Z","timestamp":1772093489000},"page":"128485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Helicobacter pylori-secreted outer membrane vesicles induce bone loss and accelerate osteoporosis pathogenesis in mice by regulating gut microbiota and autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4253-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songling","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-021-00409-9","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide- TLR-4 Axis regulates Osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL\/RANK signaling","volume":"22","author":"AlQranei","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2970w","article-title":"Gender disparities in osteoporosis","volume":"9","author":"Alswat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-0684","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of treatments to prevent fractures in people with low bone mass or primary osteoporosis: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis for the american college of physicians","volume":"176","author":"Ayers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092191","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric diseases-A focus on the central nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Baj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010027","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori virulence factors-mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity in the gastric microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Baj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4848643","article-title":"The effects of Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis In Vitro","volume":"2023","author":"Bolori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-021-00647-8","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis outside the oral cavity","volume":"110","author":"Bregaint","year":"2022","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11747","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02708E","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme after UV\/H2O2 degradation effectively ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083942","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicle production by Helicobacter pylori represents an approach for the delivery of virulence factors CagA, VacA and UreA into human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells","volume":"22","author":"Chew","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043179","article-title":"Heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus induces bone mass loss through telomere erosion","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib11","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-stimulated BMSC-derived exosome promotes osteoclastogenesis via miR-151-3p\/PAFAH1B1","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103253","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Related Diseases and Osteoporotic Fractures (Narrative Review)","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1414350","article-title":"Microbiota-bone axis in ageing-related bone diseases","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4162","article-title":"Infection by CagA-Positive Helicobacter pylori Strains and Bone Fragility: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"36","author":"Gennari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01369","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43629\/NCTC 11639 Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from Biofilm and Planktonic Phase Associated with Extracellular DNA (eDNA)","volume":"6","author":"Grande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2190304","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the Th17\/Treg balance and gut microbiota structure","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13412","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901575R","article-title":"Extracellular RNAs in periodontopathogenic outer membrane vesicles promote TNF-\u03b1 production in human macrophages and cross the blood-brain barrier in mice","volume":"33","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.2174\/0113862073262645231121025911","article-title":"Association between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and IL-6\u3001TNF-\u03b1: A Systematic Review and A Meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comb. Chem. High. Throughput Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09080-w","article-title":"Inflammation and bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043772","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms Involved and the Relationship with microRNAs","volume":"24","author":"Iantomasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae080","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory Effects of Bacteroidota Strains Derived From Outstanding Donors of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"30","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45473-y","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis aggravates colitis via a gut microbiota-linoleic acid metabolism-Th17\/Treg cell balance axis","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1492-2","article-title":"Microbiome and metabolic disease: revisiting the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes","volume":"95","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0417-5","article-title":"Chronic gastritis and bone mineral density in women","volume":"54","author":"Kakehasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.94156","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles: Biogenesis, Composition, and Biological Functions","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107312","article-title":"The role and mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis of extra-gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"200","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00985-1","article-title":"Yangonin treats inflammatory osteoporosis by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and RANKL expression","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07904-1","article-title":"Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is associated with disturbances in gut microbiota and migration of peripheral immune cells","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052713","article-title":"Bone Fragility in Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"23","author":"Merlotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.2015238","article-title":"Autophagy mediates ER stress and inflammation in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer","volume":"14","author":"Mommersteeg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07307.x","article-title":"Biochemical and functional characterization of Helicobacter pylori vesicles","volume":"77","author":"Olofsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02728-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles induce astrocyte reactivity through nuclear factor-\u03baappa B activation and cause neuronal damage in vivo in a murine model","volume":"20","author":"Palacios","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0780-4","article-title":"Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and bone mineral density: a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03717-z","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis extracellular vesicles exacerbated osteoporosis by disrupting osteoblast mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting Cpt2-regulated fatty acid oxidation","volume":"23","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":"347","author":"Suerbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105967","article-title":"Urolithin A suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and postmenopausal osteoporosis by, suppresses inflammation and downstream NF-\u03baB activated pyroptosis pathways","volume":"174","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2307353","article-title":"Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","volume":"389","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2022.146205","article-title":"Species-level gut microbiota analysis in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats by Shallow shotgun sequencing","volume":"817","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib39","article-title":"Role of Outer Membrane Vesicles From Helicobacter pylori in Atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib40","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extra Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.938608","article-title":"Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal microecology","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2025.2540823","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs inhibit osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via SAA3\/TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB axis","volume":"17","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.028","article-title":"Oxidative damage to osteoblasts can be alleviated by early autophagy through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway-Implications for the treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"77","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127871","article-title":"Exploring gut microbial metabolites as key players in inhibition of cancer progression: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"288","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.2017587","article-title":"Degradation of the NOTCH intracellular domain by elevated autophagy in osteoblasts promotes osteoblast differentiation and alleviates osteoporosis","volume":"18","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12422","article-title":"Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases - An update on their association and mechanistic links","volume":"89","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13194","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulates osteoclast glutathione synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice subjected to ovariectomy","volume":"55","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.857570","article-title":"Effects of Exosomes Derived From Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicle-Infected Hepatocytes on Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis Induction","volume":"12","author":"Zahmatkesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2295432","article-title":"Diets intervene osteoporosis via gut-bone axis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"H. pylori infection and osteoporosis: a large-scale observational and mendelian randomization study","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485_bib51","article-title":"Autophagy in bone remodeling: a regulator of oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128744","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128744","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000}}],"container-title":["Microbiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944501326000492?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944501326000492?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:47:12Z","timestamp":1777592832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944501326000492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0944501326000492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-5013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-5013","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Helicobacter pylori-secreted outer membrane vesicles induce bone loss and accelerate osteoporosis pathogenesis in mice by regulating gut microbiota and autophagy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbiological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128485","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128485"}}