{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:10:05Z","timestamp":1786637405039,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:14:09Z","timestamp":1785856449000},"page":"128661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dual roles of oral and gut bacterial extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: Pathogenic drivers and therapeutic vectors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Yiduo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11025","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011025","article-title":"Intraperitoneal injection of the porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) stimulated expressions of neuroinflammatory markers and histopathological changes in the brains of adult zebrafish","volume":"25","author":"Adewoyin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1032494","article-title":"Effects of probiotic supplements on cognition, anxiety, and physical activity in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Akhgarjand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.10.002","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from L. paracasei improve neuroinflammation, GABA neurotransmission and motor incoordination in hyperammonemic rats","volume":"123","author":"Arenas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0434-1","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: Roles of cyclooxygenase, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and elements of the neurovascular unit","volume":"12","author":"Banks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711233114","article-title":"Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice","volume":"114","author":"Berer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0226-5","article-title":"Altered cellular metabolism in gliomas\u2014An emerging landscape of actionable co-dependency targets","volume":"20","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102177","article-title":"Gut Microbiome-Mediated Regulation of Neuroinflammation","volume":"76","author":"Bostick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","article-title":"Ingestion of lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve","volume":"108","author":"Bravo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019","article-title":"Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly","volume":"49","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib10","article-title":"Engineering nanoplatforms of bacterial outer membrane vesicles to overcome cancer therapy resistance","volume":"83","author":"Chai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug. Resist. Update. Rev. Comment. Antimicrob. Anticancer. Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2611546","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate colitis-related cognitive impairment via tryptophan metabolic reprogramming of the gut-brain axis","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11071661","article-title":"Combining augmented radiotherapy and immunotherapy through a nano-gold and bacterial outer-membrane vesicle complex for the treatment of glioblastoma","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2026.114718","article-title":"Albofungin vesicle nanobombs trigger lysosomal disruption for self-enhanced pyroptosis and cGAS-STING pathway activation in glioblastoma immunotherapy","volume":"392","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-026-03844-w","article-title":"SGK1 inhibition supports neuroprotection in spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and AIM2 activation via FoxO1 mediated mitophagy","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4948","article-title":"Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review)","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03922-w","article-title":"Dual-targeted bacterial outer membrane vesicles enhance glioblastoma immunotherapy by regulating tumor microenvironment and inducing IFN-\u03b3-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2019.28.2.158","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lactobacillus plantarum Increase BDNF Expression in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons and Produce Antidepressant-like Effects in Mice","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02655-9","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles from Gram-positive and Gram-negative Probiotics Remediate Stress-Induced Depressive Behavior in Mice","volume":"59","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30356-4","article-title":"The gut microbiome in neurological disorders","volume":"19","author":"Cryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13511","article-title":"Insights into T-cell dysfunction in alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. & Hepatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2009.02.001","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of cells to the brain","volume":"88","author":"Danielyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12161","article-title":"Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in interkingdom communication in the gut","volume":"10","author":"D\u00edaz-Garrido","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2019.1586423","article-title":"Serotype b of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans triggers pro-inflammatory responses and amyloid beta secretion in hippocampal cells: A novel link between periodontitis and alzheimer\u00b4s disease?","volume":"11","author":"D\u00edaz-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib26","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactic derived-vesicles alleviate cognitive impairment in mice via modulating gut microbiota metabolism and 5-HT\/BDNF pathway","author":"Du","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Sci. Human. Wellness"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213586","article-title":"Bifidobacterium lactis-derived vesicles attenuate hippocampal neuroinflammation by targeting IL-33 to regulate FoxO6\/P53 signaling","volume":"16","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.02.004","article-title":"A magnetic bead-mediated selective adsorption strategy for extracellular vesicle separation and purification","volume":"124","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib29","article-title":"Circumventricular organs: Definition and role in the regulation of endocrine and autonomic function","volume":"27","author":"Ganong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. & Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2023.119630","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglia activation via the TLR2\/4 signaling","volume":"1871","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.925435","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis trigger NLRP3 inflammasome and induce neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and memory dysfunction in mice","volume":"12","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12488","article-title":"The outer membrane vesicles: Secretion system type zero","volume":"18","author":"Guerrero-Mandujano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.596366","article-title":"Delivery of periodontopathogenic extracellular vesicles to brain monocytes and microglial IL-6 promotion by RNA cargo","volume":"7","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011743","article-title":"Periodontitis promotes bacterial extracellular vesicle-induced neuroinflammation in the brain and trigeminal ganglion","volume":"19","author":"Ha","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13412","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901575R","article-title":"Extracellular RNAs in periodontopathogenic outer membrane vesicles promote TNF-\u03b1 production in human macrophages and cross the blood\u2013brain barrier in mice","volume":"33","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121111","article-title":"Nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke","volume":"277","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3705","article-title":"Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac213","article-title":"Disease burden, risk factors, and trends of primary central nervous system (CNS) cancer: A global study of registries data","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128101","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from lacticaseibacillus paracasei reduce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and restore some cognitive functions in hyperammonemic rats","volume":"294","author":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9239","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003024","article-title":"Bacterial extracellular vesicle as a predictive biomarker for postoperative delirium status after spinal surgery: A prospective cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Jee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. (Lond. Engl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2026.112571","article-title":"Astragaloside IV enhances autophagy to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis after spinal cord injury","volume":"145","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1021\/mp100029t","article-title":"Trigeminal pathways deliver a low molecular weight drug from the nose to the brain and orofacial structures","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12429","article-title":"Periodontal microorganisms and alzheimer disease \u2013 a causative relationship?","volume":"89","author":"Jungbauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3837","article-title":"Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles","volume":"15","author":"Kaparakis-Liaskos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030313","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Activity of Extracellular Vesicles of Kimchi-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Latilactobacillus curvatus, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2014.09.006","article-title":"Methods of isolation and purification of outer membrane vesicles from gram-negative bacteria","volume":"170","author":"Klimentov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01075-5","article-title":"The oral\u2013gut microbiome axis in health and disease","volume":"22","author":"Kunath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.5607\/en23024","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles Released by Lactobacillus paracasei Mitigate Stress-induced Transcriptional Changes and Depression-like Behavior in Mice","volume":"32","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01084-z","article-title":"Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles counteract A\u03b242-induced abnormal transcriptional changes through the upregulation of MeCP2 and Sirt1 and improve A\u03b2 pathology in Tg-APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"55","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. & Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00881-2","article-title":"The extracellular vesicle of gut microbial Paenalcaligenes hominis is a risk factor for vagus nerve-mediated cognitive impairment","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2017.26.5.307","article-title":"Rapid Assessment of Microbiota Changes in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Bacteria-derived Membrane Vesicles in Urine","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.007","article-title":"Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03936-4","article-title":"131I\/MTX-loaded engineered outer membrane vesicles for sequentially coordinated radio-metabolic-immunotherapy of glioma","volume":"24","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2276296","article-title":"Escherichia coli triggers \u03b1-synuclein pathology in the LRRK2 transgenic mouse model of PD","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02073-3","article-title":"Gut microbiota and dysbiosis in alzheimer\u2019s disease: Implications for pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0307-y","article-title":"The healthy human microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1601021","article-title":"Bridging nutrition and neurology: Malnutrition\u2019s role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03211-7","article-title":"The extracellular vesicle of depressive patient-derived Escherichia fergusonii induces vagus nerve-mediated neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.02.006","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis induce trigeminal nerve-mediated cognitive impairment","volume":"54","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202152891","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum secretes amyloid-like FadA to enhance pathogenicity","volume":"22","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07125-1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles directly promote A\u03b2 aggregation and enhance A\u03b2 toxicity in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"7","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.09.016","article-title":"Salmonella-mediated blood-brain barrier penetration, tumor homing and tumor microenvironment regulation for enhanced chemo\/bacterial glioma therapy","volume":"13","author":"Mi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib63","article-title":"The use of a multicellular in vitro model to investigate uptake and migration of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from the human gut commensal bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"2","author":"Modasia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.796288","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Interact With the Brain Through Systemic Chronic Inflammation: Implications on Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Aging","volume":"13","author":"Mou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib65","article-title":"Bile Acids as Key Modulators of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"84","author":"Mulak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis. JAD"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0337-0","article-title":"The gut microbiome: A new frontier in autism research","volume":"15","author":"Mulle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.561863","article-title":"Differential packaging into outer membrane vesicles upon oxidative stress reveals a general mechanism for cargo selectivity","volume":"12","author":"Orench-Rivera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12395","article-title":"Single-particle analysis of circulating bacterial extracellular vesicles reveals their biogenesis, changes in blood and links to intestinal barrier","volume":"12","author":"Ou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02728-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles induce astrocyte reactivity through nuclear factor-\u03baappa B activation and cause neuronal damage in vivo in a murine model","volume":"20","author":"Palacios","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301779","article-title":"Bacteria-Derived Outer-Membrane Vesicles Hitchhike Neutrophils to Enhance Ischemic Stroke Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla. )"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2017.26.6.369","article-title":"Metagenome Analysis of Bodily Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease Using Bacteria-derived Membrane Vesicles in Blood","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01429-w","article-title":"Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles reverse molecular and behavioral deficits in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. & Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-022-00224-8","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach induces neuroinflammation: The potential roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in an animal model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-03017-y","article-title":"Probiotics alleviate chronic ethanol exposure-induced anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal neuroinflammation in male mice through gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"22","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13351","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713351","article-title":"Situ Raman Study of Neurodegenerated Human Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Outer-Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"24","author":"Pezzotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9386","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159386","article-title":"The Mechanistic Pathways of Periodontal Pathogens Entering the Brain: The Potential Role of Treponema denticola in Tracing Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathology","volume":"19","author":"Pisani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib77","article-title":"Active invasion of porphyromonas gingivalis and infection-induced complement activation in ApoE-\/- mice brains","volume":"43","author":"Poole","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis. JAD"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6684","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02990-5","article-title":"The role of a gut microbial-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), in neurological disorders","volume":"59","author":"Praveenraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215054","article-title":"An Investigation into the Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity, Permeability, and Disruption of Scaffolding Proteins in a Human in vitro Model","volume":"86","author":"Pritchard","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.03.008","article-title":"Bacterial extracellular vesicles for gut microbiome\u2013host communication and drug development","volume":"15","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70135","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis and its outer membrane vesicles induce neuroinflammation in mice through distinct mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0902-0055.2001.00100.x","article-title":"Molecular and immunological evidence of oral treponema in the human brain and their association with alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Riviere","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2026.2660007","article-title":"Angiopep-2-decorated bacterial outer membrane vesicles penetrate the blood-brain barrier for glioblastoma chemo-immunotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Shah","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug. Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112400","article-title":"Effect of outer membrane vesicles of lactobacillus pentosus on tau phosphorylation and CDK5-calpain pathway in mice","volume":"189","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44720-6","article-title":"Defining the biogeographical map and potential bacterial translocation of microbiome in human \u2018surface organs","volume":"15","author":"She","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2174\/157015908785777210","article-title":"Brain endothelial cell-cell junctions: How to \u201copen\u201d the blood brain barrier","volume":"6","author":"Stamatovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0242-1","article-title":"New evidences on the altered gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"5","author":"Strati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01827-5","article-title":"Oral treponema denticola infection induces A\u03b21\u201340 and A\u03b21\u201342 accumulation in the hippocampus of C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"71","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c03032","article-title":"Synergistic dual-targeting bacterial extracellular vesicles delivering paclitaxel for precision glioblastoma therapy","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c16161","article-title":"Brain Targeting Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Ischemic Stroke Therapy via Efficient ROS Elimination and Suppression of Immune Infiltration","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08038-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their importance in neurological disorders","volume":"50","author":"Swer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0112-2","article-title":"Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles","volume":"17","author":"Toyofuku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00875-5","article-title":"Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles","volume":"21","author":"Toyofuku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0236-5","article-title":"Analyzing bacterial extracellular vesicles in human body fluids by orthogonal biophysical separation and biochemical characterization","volume":"15","author":"Tulkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6518","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076518","article-title":"Inflammatory processes in alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014pathomechanism, diagnosis and treatment: A review","volume":"24","author":"Twarowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2019.01.013","article-title":"Exploiting BBB disruption for the delivery of nanocarriers to the diseased CNS","volume":"60","author":"Umlauf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.04.011","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-associated lipids in central nervous system disorders","volume":"159","author":"Vanherle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-03936-9","article-title":"Activating MC4R promotes functional recovery by repressing oxidative stress-mediated AIM2 activation post-spinal cord injury","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c07711","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 reduces \u03b1-SYN aggravation in MPTP-induced parkinson\u2019s disease mice via regulating oxidative damage, inflammation, and gut microbiota disorder","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0312-z","article-title":"Perivascular spaces in the brain: Anatomy, physiology and pathology","volume":"16","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04579-6","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease-derived outer membrane vesicles exacerbate cognitive dysfunction, modulate the gut microbiome, and increase neuroinflammation and amyloid-\u03b2 production","volume":"62","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29362","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles enhance tau phosphorylation and contribute to cognitive impairment","volume":"235","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12306","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib104","article-title":"Escherichia coli nissle 1917 alleviates alzheimer\u2019s disease in mice through OmpA-containing outer membrane vesicles","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell. Rep. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.05.010","article-title":"Bacterial extracellular vesicles: An emerging avenue to tackle diseases","volume":"31","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2501193","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain axis in alzheimer\u2019s disease is shaped by commensal gut microbiota derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2022.03.005","article-title":"The tremendous biomedical potential of bacterial extracellular vesicles","volume":"40","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2026.108904","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate depressive-like behaviors via hippocampal protection and gut metabolic modulation","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106332","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles protect against ischemic brain injury via the microRNA-101a-3p\/c-fos\/TGF-\u03b2 axis","volume":"182","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03217-4","article-title":"The activation impact of lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cell","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14413","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in cerebral ventricles activate microglia in mice","volume":"29","author":"Yoshida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202418053","article-title":"Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles-based doxorubicin and CD47-siRNA co-delivery nanoplatform overcomes immune resistance to potentiate the immunotherapy of glioblastoma","volume":"37","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.07.121","article-title":"Brain-targeting biomimetic disguised manganese dioxide nanoparticles via hybridization of tumor cell membrane and bacteria vesicles for synergistic chemotherapy\/chemodynamic therapy of glioma","volume":"676","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib114","first-page":"704","article-title":"3D-MSCs apoptotic bodies-integrated conductive hydrogel mitigates spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and alleviating neuronal pyroptosis","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5","article-title":"Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128391","article-title":"The gut microbiota in post-stroke depression: A systematic review of microbial mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of neuroinflammation","volume":"303","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70331","article-title":"Gut-derived bacterial vesicles carrying lipopolysaccharide promote microglia-mediated synaptic pruning","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. & Dement."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00922-1","article-title":"Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-026-03864-6","article-title":"The lung-brain axis mediates the neuroprotective effects of nasally administered L. salivarius and its EV-delivered metabolite in vascular dementia","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661_bib120","article-title":"Chimeric biohybrid nanovesicles induce immunogenic cell death for targeted and immune-potentiated glioblastoma therapy","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."}],"container-title":["Microbiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944501326002259?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944501326002259?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:14:29Z","timestamp":1786634069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944501326002259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":120,"alternative-id":["S0944501326002259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-5013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-5013","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dual roles of oral and gut bacterial extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: Pathogenic drivers and therapeutic vectors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbiological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2026.128661","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128661"}}