{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:30:36Z","timestamp":1791473436797,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000764","name":"King's College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Midwifery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T17:02:16Z","timestamp":1737392536000},"page":"104298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pregnancy and postnatal outcomes for women with intellectual disability and their infants: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3714-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoi Wan Jasmine","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Poston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire A\u2024","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaheshta","family":"Sethna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1274","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1274","article-title":"Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: a call to action","volume":"6","author":"Angolile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5572-9","article-title":"Sexual activity and sexual health among young adults with and without mild\/moderate intellectual disability","volume":"18","author":"Baines","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2015.10.004","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02347-2","article-title":"Perinatal mental illness among women with disabilities: a population-based cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00079-0","article-title":"Assessment of an incentivised scheme to provide annual health checks in primary care for adults with intellectual disability: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Buszewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2016.02.001","article-title":"Midwives\u2019 experiences of caring for women with learning disabilities \u2013 a qualitative study","volume":"36","author":"Castell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0008","article-title":"Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability","volume":"7","author":"Coren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0009","article-title":"Pregnancy, birth and postnatal support for women with intellectual disabilities: the CanDo Doula model","volume":"2","author":"Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Birth Parent Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106289","article-title":"Learning disability awareness training for undergraduate midwifery students: multi-method evaluation of a co-produced and co-delivered educational intervention in England","volume":"140","author":"Cox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib58","first-page":"107","article-title":"Poverty and people with intellectual disabilities. Ment","volume":"13","author":"Emerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.100871","article-title":"Pregnancy and birth outcomes of mothers with intellectual disability and their infants: advocacy needed to improve well-being","volume":"13","author":"Fairthorne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0012","series-title":"Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac183","article-title":"Risk of adverse neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with disabilities","volume":"52","author":"Gleason","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12169","article-title":"Childbirth in women with intellectual disability: characteristics of their pregnancies and outcomes in an archived epidemiological dataset","volume":"59","author":"Goldacre","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intell. Disabil. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-02035-w","article-title":"Health equity for persons with disabilities: a global scoping review on barriers and interventions in healthcare services","volume":"22","author":"Gr\u00c9aux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/642472","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health care for women with intellectual disabilities: a primary care perspective","author":"Greenwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Family Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12878","article-title":"Social networks and people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intell. Disabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2014.11.002","article-title":"National health surveillance of adults with disabilities, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and adults with no disabilities","volume":"8","author":"Havercamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12159","article-title":"Mothers with intellectual impairment and their 9-month-old infants","volume":"59","author":"Hindmarsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intell. Disabil. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2012.06.014","article-title":"Struggling for motherhood with an intellectual disability \u2013 a qualitative study of women's experiences in Sweden","volume":"29","author":"H\u00f6glund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.03.018","article-title":"Professional and social support enhances maternal well-being in women with intellectual disability \u2013 a Swedish interview study","volume":"30","author":"H\u00f6glund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01509.x","article-title":"Pregnancy and birth outcomes of women with intellectual disability in Sweden: a national register study","volume":"91","author":"H\u00f6glund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01537.x","article-title":"Newborns of mothers with intellectual disability have a higher risk of perinatal death and being small for gestational age","volume":"91","author":"H\u00f6glund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2015.10.002","article-title":"Current evidence on antenatal care provision for women with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Homeyard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.10.929","article-title":"Pregnancy among US women: differences by presence, type, and complexity of disability","volume":"214","author":"Horner-Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0026","series-title":"Disability and the Life course: Global Perspectives","first-page":"206","article-title":"The possibility of choice: women with intellectual disabilities talk about having children","author":"Johnson","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2005.00618.x","article-title":"Beating the barriers: recruitment of people with intellectual disability to participate in research","volume":"49","author":"Lennox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12678","article-title":"Enhancing social inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of original empirical studies","volume":"3","author":"Louw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intell. Disabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015526","article-title":"We both just wanted to be normal parents\u2019: a qualitative study of the experience of maternity care for women with learning disability","volume":"7","author":"Malouf","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.12.018","article-title":"Prevalence of intellectual disability: a meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"32","author":"Maulik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12654","article-title":"Prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults and adolescents with intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Mazza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12155","article-title":"How do women with an intellectual disability experience the support of a doula during their pregnancy, childbirth and after the birth of their child?","volume":"29","author":"McGarry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intell. Disabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.01.004","article-title":"Pregnancy course, infant outcomes, rehospitalization, and mortality among women with intellectual disability","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12838","article-title":"Challenges to conducting randomised controlled trials with adults with intellectual disabilities: experiences of international experts","volume":"34","author":"Mulhall","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0034","series-title":"Study Quality Assessment Tools","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6080076","article-title":"Long-term effects of pregnancy complications on maternal health: a review","volume":"6","author":"Neiger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0036","series-title":"Adults With Learning Difficulties in England, 2003-2004","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0037","unstructured":"NHS Digital 2023. Reasonable adjustment flag. Available at: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/services\/reasonable-adjustment-flag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0038","unstructured":"NHS England. n.d. The Oliver McGowan Mandatory Training on Learning Disability and Autism. Retrieved May 19, 2024. https:\/\/www.hee.nhs.uk\/our-work\/learning-disability\/current-projects\/oliver-mcgowan-mandatory-training-learning-disability-autism."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002","article-title":"Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology","volume":"28","author":"O'Hara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12396","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle behaviours for people with intellectual disabilities: an exploration of organizational barriers and enablers","volume":"31","author":"O'Leary","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intell. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0042","first-page":"372","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/0844562118819924","article-title":"I didn't need people's negative thoughts\u201d: women with intellectual and developmental disabilities reporting attitudes toward their pregnancy","volume":"51","author":"Potvin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12977","article-title":"Reproductive and pregnancy health care for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a scoping review","volume":"35","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intell. Disabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241298","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal birth outcomes in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Wisconsin Medicaid","volume":"15","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12765","article-title":"Birth outcomes affecting infants of mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities","volume":"35","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04691-2","article-title":"Barriers to and facilitators of effective communication in perinatal care: a qualitative study of the experiences of birthing people with sensory, intellectual, and\/or developmental disabilities","volume":"22","author":"Saeed","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E294","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)00060-7","article-title":"Consigned to the margins: a call for global action to challenge intellectual disability stigma","volume":"4","author":"Scior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"issue":"9956","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61277-0","article-title":"Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child","volume":"384","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.07.015","article-title":"Maternal disability and risk for pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"222","author":"Tarasoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2012.654991","article-title":"The silence is roaring\u2019: sterilization, reproductive rights and women with intellectual disabilities","volume":"27","author":"Tilley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Disabil. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0052","series-title":"LeDeR Annual report. Learning from Lives and deaths: People With a Learning Disability and Autistic People","author":"White","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2017.1408724","article-title":"Barriers and enablers to accessing mental health services for people with intellectual disability: a scoping review","volume":"11","author":"Whittle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0054","series-title":"The Principle of Normalisation in Human Management Services","author":"Wolfensberger","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0055","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2019. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). Available at: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298_bib0056","first-page":"12","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy and its adverse social and economic consequences on health system: a narrative review article","volume":"44","author":"Yazdkhasti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Midwifery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0266613825000178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0266613825000178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T20:48:05Z","timestamp":1745527685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0266613825000178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0266613825000178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-6138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-6138","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pregnancy and postnatal outcomes for women with intellectual disability and their infants: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Midwifery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104298","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104298"}}