{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:58:11Z","timestamp":1784552291305,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007165","name":"University of Missouri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microbiological Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T21:07:06Z","timestamp":1527109626000},"page":"83-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of a tick-borne pathogen QPCR panel for detection of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Lyme disease Borrelia in animals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Z.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger W.","family":"Stich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12040","article-title":"Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in dogs and cats","volume":"42","author":"Allison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.03.011","article-title":"Tick-borne infections of animals and humans: a common ground","volume":"44","author":"Baneth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0466.x","article-title":"Evaluation of brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid with broadly reactive polymerase chain reaction for Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, spotted fever group Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Borrelia species in canine neurological diseases (109 cases)","volume":"24","author":"Barber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.06.019","article-title":"A real-time combined polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii","volume":"53","author":"Bell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0030","first-page":"759","article-title":"Evaluation of PCR-based assay for diagnosis of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in human serum samples","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D633","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1244","article-title":"Ribosomal database project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis","volume":"42","author":"Cole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004","article-title":"Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"42","author":"Courtney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.11.2725-2728.1994","article-title":"Susceptibility of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis","volume":"32","author":"Dawson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60581-8","article-title":"Detection of medically important Ehrlichia by quantitative multicolor TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction of the dsb gene","volume":"7","author":"Doyle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","volume":"51","author":"Dumler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol."},{"issue":"35\u201339","key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0060","first-page":"119","article-title":"The role of PCR in diagnostics of Lyme borreliosis","volume":"67","author":"Dunaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Przegl. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5578","article-title":"Typical and atypical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs","volume":"47","author":"Eberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01944.x","article-title":"Doxycycline clearance of experimentally induced chronic Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs","volume":"21","author":"Eddlestone","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5466-5472.2003","article-title":"Evaluation of a PCR assay for quantitation of Rickettsia rickettsii and closely related spotted fever group rickettsiae","volume":"41","author":"Eremeeva","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601253340401","article-title":"Direct cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis","volume":"334","author":"Goodman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2015.10.009","article-title":"Tick-borne Rickettsiales: molecular tools for the study of an emergent group of pathogens","volume":"119","author":"Guillemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3031-3039.2001","article-title":"Citrate synthase gene sequence: a new tool for phylogenetic analysis and identification of Ehrlichia","volume":"39","author":"Inokuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.815","article-title":"Detection of ehrlichial infection by PCR in dogs from Yamaguchi and Okinawa prefectures","volume":"63","author":"Inokuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Japan. J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4572","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01227-06","article-title":"Molecular method for identification of Rickettsia species in clinical and environmental samples","volume":"44","author":"Jado","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.11.035","article-title":"Evaluation of conventional and real-time PCR assays for detection and differentiation of spotted fever group Rickettsia in dog blood","volume":"129","author":"Kidd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.90-98.2004","article-title":"Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an area in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, where Brazilian spotted fever is endemic","volume":"42","author":"Labruna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0621","article-title":"Prevalence of Rickettsia infection in dogs from the urban and rural areas of Monte Negro municipality, western Amazon","volume":"7","author":"Labruna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0449","article-title":"Prevalence of tick borne pathogens in horses from Italy","volume":"75","author":"Laus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPI72YAXRHYHEE","article-title":"Increased sensitivity and specificity of Borrelia burgdorferi 16S ribosomal DNA detection","volume":"133","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1419","article-title":"Antibodies highly effective in SCID mice during infection by the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis are of picomolar affinity and exhibit preferential epitope and isotype utilization","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lyme disease","volume":"29","author":"Mead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0140","first-page":"122","article-title":"Genotyping, evolution and epidemiological findings of Rickettsia species","volume":"25","author":"Merhej","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01409-14","article-title":"Collection and characterization of samples for establishment of a serum repository for Lyme disease diagnostic test development and evaluation","volume":"52","author":"Molins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.3.664-670.1996","article-title":"Isolation of the equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent, Ehrlichia equi, in tick cell culture","volume":"34","author":"Munderloh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.007","article-title":"The increasing recognition of rickettsial pathogens in dogs and people","volume":"26","author":"Nicholson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.11.001","article-title":"Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection and differentiation of rickettsiae and orientiae","volume":"102","author":"Paris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90243-8","article-title":"Detection of ehrlichiae in African ticks by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"94","author":"Parola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-13","article-title":"Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach","volume":"26","author":"Parola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.2.118","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction in synovial membrane, but not in synovial fluid from patients with persisting Lyme arthritis after antibiotic therapy","volume":"57","author":"Priem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001445","article-title":"Borrelia mayonii sp. nov., a member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, detected in patients and ticks in the upper midwestern United States","volume":"66","author":"Pritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0185","article-title":"A serological survey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in North America and the Caribbean as assessed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Borrelia burgdorferi species-specific peptides","volume":"4","author":"Qurollo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02340-14","article-title":"Development and validation of a sensitive and specific sodB-based quantitative PCR assay for molecular detection of Ehrlichia species","volume":"52","author":"Qurollo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1086\/340100","article-title":"Spotless rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia slovaca and associated with Dermacentor ticks","volume":"34","author":"Raoult","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2016.1246959","article-title":"Progress in the molecular diagnosis of Lyme disease","volume":"17","author":"Ru\u017ei\u0107-Sablji\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01856-0","article-title":"Tick-borne infectious diseases of dogs","volume":"17","author":"Shaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60559-4","article-title":"Multiplex detection of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species pathogens in peripheral blood by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"7","author":"Sirigireddy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3654-3661.1997","article-title":"The Oms66 (p66) protein is a Borrelia burgdorferi porin","volume":"65","author":"Skare","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1086\/589242","article-title":"Prospective study of serologic tests for Lyme disease","volume":"47","author":"Steere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.1083","article-title":"A highly sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay for the detection of spotted fever and typhus group Rickettsiae","volume":"73","author":"Stenos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.02.014","article-title":"Diversity of rickettsiae in a rural community in northern California","volume":"8","author":"Stephenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.04.023","article-title":"Improved molecular detection of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species applied to Amblyomma ticks collected from cattle and sheep in Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Teshale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03394-15","article-title":"The past, present, and (possible) future of serologic testing for Lyme disease","volume":"54","author":"Theel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15","article-title":"Genetic diversity of ospC in a local population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3286-3290.2002","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma marginale and a new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA in Boophilus microplus ticks from Tibet","volume":"40","author":"Wen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0255","first-page":"621","article-title":"Infections with the tick-borne bacterium Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis","volume":"21","author":"Wenner\u00e5s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.12.2692-2696.1989","article-title":"Probe directed at a segment of Rickettsia rickettsii rRNA amplified with polymerase chain reaction","volume":"27","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Microbiological Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167701218302136?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167701218302136?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T23:57:33Z","timestamp":1759103853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167701218302136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0167701218302136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7012","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of a tick-borne pathogen QPCR panel for detection of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Lyme disease Borrelia in animals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.05.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}