{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:36:35Z","timestamp":1793111795963,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microbiological Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:42:25Z","timestamp":1790134945000},"page":"107723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of a qPCR-based method for absolute quantification of facial skin bacteria considering DNA extraction efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Takanori","family":"Yano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruya","family":"Namba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kawabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Fujitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Mitsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00632-23","article-title":"Genomic characterization of the C. Tuberculostearicum species complex, a prominent member of the human skin microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02768.x","article-title":"PCR-based procedures for detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus and their application in food","volume":"100","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0015","first-page":"18","article-title":"Topical application of skin biome care regimen containing live cultures and ferments of Cutibacterium acnes defendens strain XYCM42 and the impact on clinical outcomes following microneedle-induced skin remodeling","volume":"16","author":"Alqam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100738","article-title":"A simple, quantitative assay for the detection of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Arvizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16224-6","article-title":"A quantitative sequencing framework for absolute abundance measurements of mucosal and lumenal microbial communities","volume":"11","author":"Barlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0030","article-title":"Metagenomic quantification of genes with internal standards","volume":"12","author":"Crossette","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2847","article-title":"Decrease in diversity of Propionibacterium acnes phylotypes in patients with severe acne on the back","volume":"98","author":"Dagnelie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00081-25","article-title":"The microbiome of the human facial skin is unique compared to that of other hominids","volume":"10","author":"Degregori","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003274","article-title":"Proposal of new combination, Cutibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genus Cutibacterium, Cutibacterium acnes subsp. acnes and Cutibacterium acnes subsp. defendens","volume":"69","author":"Dekio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.16.5.844-846.1982","article-title":"Achromopeptidase for lysis of anaerobic gram-positive cocci","volume":"16","author":"Ezaki","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/jvc2.487","article-title":"Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus dysbiosis of the skin microbiome in acne and its decline after isotretinoin treatment","volume":"3","author":"Feidenhansl","year":"2024","journal-title":"JEADV Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne","volume":"133","author":"Fitz-Gibbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.06.017","article-title":"The skin microbiota: balancing risk and reward","volume":"28","author":"Flowers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111752","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes: two major sentinels of skin microbiota and the influence of cosmetics","volume":"8","author":"Fourni\u00e8re","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.0087","article-title":"The skin microbiome: potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cutaneous disease","volume":"33","author":"Grice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2537","article-title":"The skin microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Grice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171700","article-title":"Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome","volume":"324","author":"Grice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225796","article-title":"The diversity and abundance of fungi and bacteria on the healthy and dandruff affected human scalp","volume":"14","author":"Grimshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020299","article-title":"Distinct intraspecies variation of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis in acne vulgaris and healthy skin","volume":"13","author":"Hamann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.08.009","article-title":"Rapid identification and specific quantification of Staphylococcus epidermidis by 5\u2032 nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction with a minor groove binder probe","volume":"60","author":"Iwase","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00023-15","article-title":"Strain-level differences in porphyrin production and regulation in Propionibacterium acnes elucidate disease associations","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002743","article-title":"Incorporating 16S gene copy number information improves estimates of microbial diversity and abundance","volume":"8","author":"Kembel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2019.11.5.593","article-title":"Interactions between atopic dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus infection: clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124687","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes-induced immunopathology correlates with health and disease association","volume":"4","author":"Kolar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.417","article-title":"Skin microbiome: looking back to move forward","volume":"132","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12121333","article-title":"A comprehensive review: the bidirectional role of sebum in skin health","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5358","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001521","article-title":"Proposal to reclassify Propionibacterium acnes type I as Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes subsp. nov. and Propionibacterium acnes type II as Propionibacterium acnes subsp. defendens subsp. nov","volume":"66","author":"McDowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2022.102671","article-title":"CUTIS-SEQ, a flexible bilocus sequence typing scheme that provides high resolution of Cutibacterium acnes strains across all subspecies","volume":"79","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.01.016","article-title":"Skin microbiome surveys are strongly influenced by experimental design","volume":"136","author":"Meisel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2022.03.003","article-title":"Fast and sensitive multiplex real-time quantitative PCR to detect Cutibacterium periprosthetic joint infections","volume":"24","author":"Prinz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x","article-title":"The skin: an indispensable barrier","volume":"17","author":"Proksch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80660-3","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA extraction kits for long-read shotgun metagenomics using Oxford Nanopore sequencing for rapid taxonomic and antimicrobial resistance detection","volume":"14","author":"Purushothaman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15510","article-title":"Characterization of a live Cutibacterium acnes subspecies defendens strain XYCM42 and clinical assessment as a topical regimen for general skin health and cosmesis","volume":"22","author":"Rhee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI184315","article-title":"Skin microbiome and dermatologic disorders","volume":"135","author":"Scharschmidt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104199","article-title":"A novel high-resolution single locus sequence typing scheme for mixed populations of Propionibacterium acnes in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Scholz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","article-title":"PCR inhibitors - occurrence, properties and removal","volume":"113","author":"Schrader","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0185","article-title":"An efficient method for high molecular weight bacterial DNA extraction suitable for shotgun metagenomics from skin swabs","volume":"9","author":"Serghiou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112588","article-title":"Comparative study of DNA extraction methods for the PCR detection of intestinal parasites in human stool samples","volume":"12","author":"Srirungruang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat4326","article-title":"Microbial guardians of skin health","volume":"363","author":"Stacy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D593","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1201","article-title":"rrnDB: improved tools for interpreting rRNA gene abundance in bacteria and archaea and a new foundation for future development","volume":"43","author":"Stoddard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0205","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Touaitia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01048-3","article-title":"Validation and standardization of DNA extraction and library construction methods for metagenomics-based human fecal microbiome measurements","volume":"9","author":"Tourlousse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.1.116-121.1985","article-title":"Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes to killing and degradation by human neutrophils and monocytes in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Webster","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.26","article-title":"Culture dependent and independent approaches reveal the role of specific bacteria in human skin aging","volume":"1","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"IMetaOmics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723_bb0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developing an in vitro culture model for four commensal bacteria of human skin","volume":"29","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"AATEX"}],"container-title":["Journal of Microbiological Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167701226003350?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167701226003350?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:02:21Z","timestamp":1793109741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167701226003350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0167701226003350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7012"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7012","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of a qPCR-based method for absolute quantification of facial skin bacteria considering DNA extraction efficiency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2026.107723","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107723"}}