{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1789881137323,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mitochondrion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T13:55:54Z","timestamp":1513173354000},"page":"7-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Metabolic defects in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Reginald C.","family":"Adiele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiedukam A.","family":"Adiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-004-0954-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage and histotoxic hypoxia: a pathway of tissue injury in inflammatory brain disease?","volume":"109","author":"Aboul-Enein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261560998","article-title":"Different responses of astrocytes and neurons to nitric oxide: the role of glycolytically generated ATP in astrocyte protection","volume":"98","author":"Almeida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1080","article-title":"Nitric oxide switches on glycolysis through the AMP protein kinase and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase pathway","volume":"6","author":"Almeida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310317","article-title":"Revised estimate of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the United States","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.09.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in progressive axonal loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Andrews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04121.x","article-title":"99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: epidemiological evidence","volume":"160","author":"Ascherio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.3.393","article-title":"Clonal expansions of CD8(+) T cells dominate the T cell infiltrate in active multiple sclerosis lesions as shown by micromanipulation and single cell polymerase chain reaction","volume":"192","author":"Babbe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0212-x","article-title":"Teriflunomide and its mechanism of action in multiple sclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Bar-Or","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0045","first-page":"193","article-title":"Remyelination in experimental models of toxin-induced demyelination","volume":"318","author":"Blakemore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00615.x","article-title":"Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"183","author":"Bo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68062227.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"68","author":"Bolanos","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091416651511","article-title":"Zinc in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bredholt","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380514","article-title":"Monocyte\/macrophage differentiation in early multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"38","author":"Bruck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.02.027","article-title":"Evidence for polygenic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis\u2014the shape of things to come","volume":"86","author":"Bush","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0075","first-page":"119","article-title":"Changes in cerebrospinal fluid levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione reductase activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Calabrese","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22109","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA deletions and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Campbell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2147\/tcrm.2007.3.2.291","article-title":"Exjade(R) (deferasirox, ICL670) in the treatment of chronic iron overload associated with blood transfusion","volume":"3","author":"Cappellini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms928oa","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 in SJL mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"9","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6404","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-17-06404.2000","article-title":"NG2-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in adult human brain and multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010994","article-title":"Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"346","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181cbf825","article-title":"Mechanism of action of oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","article-title":"Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0115","first-page":"321","article-title":"Microglia, an in vivo source of reactive oxygen species in the brain","volume":"59","author":"Colton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430119","article-title":"Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I microdeletion in a patient with motor neuron disease","volume":"43","author":"Comi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104318","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis","volume":"366","author":"Comi","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2554-7_25","article-title":"Iron regulation in the brain at the cell and molecular level","volume":"356","author":"Connor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199606)17:2<83::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Relationship of iron to oligodendrocytes and myelination","volume":"17","author":"Connor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903550112","article-title":"A histochemical study of iron-positive cells in the developing rat brain","volume":"355","author":"Connor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00078-2","article-title":"Peroxynitrite formation within the central nervous system in active multiple sclerosis","volume":"88","author":"Cross","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.010","article-title":"Mouse models for multiple sclerosis: historical facts and future implications","volume":"1812","author":"Croxford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9137-4","article-title":"White matter rafting\u2014membrane microdomains in myelin","volume":"32","author":"Debruin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1139\/o06-180","article-title":"Partitioning of myelin basic protein into membrane microdomains in a spontaneously demyelinating mouse model for multiple sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"DeBruin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh118","article-title":"Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a pathological survey of the corticospinal and sensory tracts","volume":"127","author":"DeLuca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2010.04.004","article-title":"The relevance of animal models in multiple sclerosis research","volume":"18","author":"Denic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"issue":"22 Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0175","article-title":"Pathogenesis of axonal and neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Dutta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20736","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"59","author":"Dutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01803.x","article-title":"Zinc ions stabilise the association of basic protein with brain myelin membranes","volume":"51","author":"Earl","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0732491.x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases lactoferrin transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier","volume":"73","author":"Fillebeen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00143-1","article-title":"Migratory activity and functional changes of green fluorescent effector cells before and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Flugel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007804","article-title":"A comparison of neuropsychological deficits in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"247","author":"Foong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.047","article-title":"HIF-1 regulates cytochrome oxidase subunits to optimize efficiency of respiration in hypoxic cells","volume":"129","author":"Fukuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)80008-V","article-title":"Migrant studies in multiple sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Gale","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0348-9","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the need for effective antioxidant therapy","volume":"251","author":"Gilgun-Sherki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400323","article-title":"The potential role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Giovannoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration","volume":"140","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114287","article-title":"Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"367","author":"Gold","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.08.035","article-title":"Elevated myeloperoxidase activity in white matter in multiple sclerosis","volume":"444","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00110.x","article-title":"Elevated activity and microglial expression of myeloperoxidase in demyelinated cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688909000027","article-title":"Antioxidant enzyme suppression of demyelination in experimental optic neuritis","volume":"8","author":"Guy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070020429048","article-title":"Antioxidant enzymes reduce loss of blood-brain barrier integrity in experimental optic neuritis","volume":"107","author":"Guy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr128","article-title":"Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"134","author":"Haider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12195","article-title":"Myelin management by the 18.5-kDa and 21.5-kDa classic myelin basic protein isoforms","volume":"125","author":"Harauz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"9350","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)12023-X","article-title":"Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial","volume":"360","author":"Hartung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21800","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: distribution of inflammatory cells in newly forming lesions","volume":"66","author":"Henderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040819","article-title":"Flavonoids influence monocytic GTPase activity and are protective in experimental allergic encephalitis","volume":"200","author":"Hendriks","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2232","article-title":"Central nervous system-initiated inflammation and neurotrophism in trauma: IL-1 beta is required for the production of ciliary neurotrophic factor","volume":"165","author":"Herx","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(87)90311-X","article-title":"A quantitative immunohistochemical comparison of actively versus adoptively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat","volume":"109","author":"Hickey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.023","article-title":"Severe oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions coincides with enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression","volume":"45","author":"van Horssen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.011","article-title":"Radical changes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis","volume":"1812","author":"van Horssen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00077-5","article-title":"Distribution of transferrin and ferritin binding in normal and multiple sclerotic human brains","volume":"165","author":"Hulet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199804)22:4<371::AID-GLIA6>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Peroxide-scavenging deficit underlies oligodendrocyte susceptibility to oxidative stress","volume":"22","author":"Juurlink","year":"1998","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10443","article-title":"Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration","volume":"53","author":"Kapoor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"9805","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61649-8","article-title":"Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"378","author":"Kappos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009093200","article-title":"Selective targeting of a redox-active ubiquinone to mitochondria within cells: antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties","volume":"276","author":"Kelso","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20767","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in central nervous system glial inflammation and homeostasis","volume":"83","author":"Kielian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710","article-title":"IL-17 and Th17 cells","volume":"27","author":"Korn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1085","article-title":"Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination","volume":"35","author":"Kotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.09.019","article-title":"Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression","volume":"18","author":"Kotter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22415","article-title":"The complex world of oligodendroglial differentiation inhibitors","volume":"69","author":"Kremer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn096","article-title":"Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10273","article-title":"Astrocytic ceruloplasmin expression, which is induced by IL-1beta and by traumatic brain injury, increases in the absence of the IL-1 type 1 receptor","volume":"44","author":"Kuhlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.02110.x","article-title":"The small myelin-associated glycoprotein is a zinc-binding protein","volume":"73","author":"Kursula","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb05853.x","article-title":"MS epidemiology world wide. One view of current status","volume":"161","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand. Suppl."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2165\/11588120-000000000-00000","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: emerging concepts regarding its mechanism of action","volume":"25","author":"Lalive","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0375","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative neuropathology of chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Lassmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Schriftenr. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2011.01189.x","article-title":"Review: the architecture of inflammatory demyelinating lesions: implications for studies on pathogenesis","volume":"37","author":"Lassmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.004","article-title":"The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"585","author":"Lassmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(00)01909-2","article-title":"Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: implications for diagnosis and therapy","volume":"7","author":"Lassmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00470-8","article-title":"Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease brains","volume":"760","author":"LeVine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64677-9","article-title":"Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"158","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00343-9","article-title":"Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and activity of mitochondrial enzymes in chronic active lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"177","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination","volume":"47","author":"Lucchinetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094232","article-title":"Copper and iron disorders of the brain","volume":"30","author":"Madsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn105","article-title":"Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"131","author":"Mahad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2008.00987.x","article-title":"Review: mitochondria and disease progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Mahad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2695","article-title":"Mitochondrial glutathione, a key survival antioxidant","volume":"11","author":"Mari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm236","article-title":"Lesion genesis in a subset of patients with multiple sclerosis: a role for innate immunity?","volume":"130","author":"Marik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00385.x","article-title":"The neurotoxicant, cuprizone, as a model to study demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Matsushima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05570.x","article-title":"The life, death, and replacement of oligodendrocytes in the adult CNS","volume":"107","author":"McTigue","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602255","article-title":"Antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"van Meeteren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00354.x","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines promote glial heme oxygenase-1 expression and mitochondrial iron deposition: implications for multiple sclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Mehindate","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081386","article-title":"How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species","volume":"417","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-002394","article-title":"Oral chelators deferasirox and deferiprone for transfusional iron overload in thalassemia major: new data, new questions","volume":"107","author":"Neufeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00011-5","article-title":"Microglia-derived IGF-2 prevents TNFalpha induced death of mature oligodendrocytes in vitro","volume":"124","author":"Nicholas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"343","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-007-0756-2","article-title":"Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death","volume":"12","author":"Ott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42676","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507044200","article-title":"Oxygen tension regulates mitochondrial DNA-encoded complex I gene expression","volume":"280","author":"Piruat","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.03.042","article-title":"Animal models of multiple sclerosis","volume":"759","author":"Procaccini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(02)00036-7","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of multiple sclerosis","volume":"104","author":"Pugliatti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21206","article-title":"Oxidized phosphatidylcholine is a marker for neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"85","author":"Qin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10237","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172399499","article-title":"Appraising the brain's energy budget","volume":"99","author":"Raichle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0510","first-page":"131","article-title":"PEGylated interferon beta-1a in the treatment of multiple sclerosis - an update","volume":"7","author":"Reuss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0515","first-page":"325","article-title":"Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis: a model of demyelination and persistence of virus","volume":"7","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.11.007","article-title":"Peroxynitrite-mediated lipid oxidation and nitration: mechanisms and consequences","volume":"484","author":"Rubbo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06272.x","article-title":"New and emerging disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis","volume":"1247","author":"Saidha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03655597","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"Santiago","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.04.005","article-title":"Iron is essential for oligodendrocyte genesis following intraspinal macrophage activation","volume":"218","author":"Schonberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e31815c2530","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte generation is differentially influenced by toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4-mediated intraspinal macrophage activation","volume":"66","author":"Schonberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2630","article-title":"Lipoic acid affects cellular migration into the central nervous system and stabilizes blood-brain barrier integrity","volume":"177","author":"Schreibelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.07.005","article-title":"Therapeutic potential and biological role of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in multiple sclerosis pathology","volume":"56","author":"Schreibelt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.024","article-title":"Protective effects of peroxiredoxin-1 at the injured blood-brain barrier","volume":"45","author":"Schreibelt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00102-3","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00212.x","article-title":"Demyelination: the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00543.x","article-title":"Selective targeting of an antioxidant to mitochondria","volume":"263","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0513-7","article-title":"The interaction of zinc with membrane-associated 18.5kDa myelin basic protein: an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707","article-title":"Immunology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Sospedra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9148-4","article-title":"The basics of brain development","volume":"20","author":"Stiles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10154","article-title":"Microglia as neuroprotective, immunocompetent cells of the CNS","volume":"40","author":"Streit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.031","article-title":"General mechanisms of axonal damage and its prevention","volume":"233","author":"Stys","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0290446","article-title":"Assembly of cytochrome c oxidase: what can we learn from patients with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency?","volume":"29","author":"Taanman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2003.09.008","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative changes in gene expression patterns characterize the activity of plaques in multiple sclerosis","volume":"119","author":"Tajouri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.09.037","article-title":"Modulation of autoimmune demyelination by laquinimod via induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"180","author":"Thone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67031014.x","article-title":"Low glutathione and high iron govern the susceptibility of oligodendroglial precursors to oxidative stress","volume":"67","author":"Thorburne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20784","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes and myelination: the role of iron","volume":"57","author":"Todorich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"7234","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07781","article-title":"Innate immune recognition of infected apoptotic cells directs T(H)17 cell differentiation","volume":"458","author":"Torchinsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094313","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: an immune or neurodegenerative disorder?","volume":"31","author":"Trapp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022031825923","article-title":"Myelin basic protein is a zinc-binding protein in brain: possible role in myelin compaction","volume":"22","author":"Tsang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0881fje","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species enhance the migration of monocytes across the blood-brain barrier in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Van der Goes","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03447.x","article-title":"Adaptive changes in the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and the catalytic activity during hypoxia","volume":"270","author":"Vijayasarathy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7179","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4784-13.2014","article-title":"Calcium release from intra-axonal endoplasmic reticulum leads to axon degeneration through mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Villegas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2023","article-title":"Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels","volume":"7","author":"Waxman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.03.001","article-title":"Ions, energy and axonal injury: towards a molecular neurology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Waxman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.6.1419","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course","volume":"112","author":"Weinshenker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-02-00601.1998","article-title":"Chronic stage multiple sclerosis lesions contain a relatively quiescent population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells","volume":"18","author":"Wolswijk","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf031","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the demyelinated multiple sclerosis spinal cord","volume":"125","author":"Wolswijk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6364","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/356063a0","article-title":"Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin","volume":"356","author":"Yednock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.802","article-title":"Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer aetate in MS","volume":"59","author":"Yong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1611-a","article-title":"Interactions between oligodendrocytes and microglia. A major role for complement and tumour necrosis factor in oligodendrocyte adherence and killing","volume":"115","author":"Zajicek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1537","article-title":"Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"5","author":"Zecca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.049","article-title":"Intrapallidal lipopolysaccharide injection increases iron and ferritin levels in glia of the rat substantia nigra and induces locomotor deficits","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20416","article-title":"Cellular iron status influences the functional relationship between microglia and oligodendrocytes","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21052","article-title":"Injury and differentiation following inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV in rat oligodendrocytes","volume":"58","author":"Ziabreva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"}],"container-title":["Mitochondrion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567724917300570?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567724917300570?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T18:59:47Z","timestamp":1751137187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567724917300570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":142,"alternative-id":["S1567724917300570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-7249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-7249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolic defects in multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mitochondrion","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}