{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:25:26Z","timestamp":1789961126254,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal Armed Forces India"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T12:36:14Z","timestamp":1714134974000},"page":"257-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Review of facial acanthosis nigricans: Easy to diagnose and difficult to treat marker of hyperinsulinemia\/metabolic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Shyam","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunmeet","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Kotwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhushan","family":"Madke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biju","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib1","first-page":"2279","article-title":"Acanthosis nigricans as a cause of facial M Elanosis (Clinical Andhistopathological Study)","volume":"14","author":"Khalifa Sharquie","year":"2015","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci Ver IV"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0906","article-title":"Thickening of the skin on the forehead: a quiz. Acanthosis nigricans with forehead location","volume":"91","author":"Barabash-Neila","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.193898","article-title":"A descriptive study of facial acanthosis nigricans and its association with body mass index, waist circumference and insulin resistance using HOMA2 IR","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib4","first-page":"591","article-title":"Facial acanthosis nigricans: a morphological marker of metabolic syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Panda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib5","first-page":"231","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical evaluation of facial acanthosis nigricans","volume":"5","author":"Sharquie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatological Sci Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_855_20","article-title":"Clinico-investigative study of facial acanthosis nigricans","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib7","first-page":"335","article-title":"A study of body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, blood sugar levels, and lipid profile in patients of facial acanthosis Nigricans","author":"Sinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3329\/bmj.v47i2.43527","article-title":"Rate of metabolic syndrome among patients with facial acanthosis nigricans","volume":"47","author":"Sultana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.137765","article-title":"An approach to acanthosis nigricans","volume":"5","author":"Phiske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.06.001","article-title":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor contributes to insulin resistance in obesity","volume":"10","author":"Crowe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0630","article-title":"Circulating pigment epithelium-derived factor levels are\u00a0associated with insulin resistance and decrease after\u00a0weight loss","volume":"95","author":"Sabater","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib12","series-title":"Rook's Textbook of Dermatology","first-page":"87.1","article-title":"Acquired Disorders of epidermal keratinization","author":"Chu","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14521","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of dermoscopic findings in acanthosis nigricans: a clinical and histopathological study","volume":"33","author":"Pardeshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib14","series-title":"Dermoscopic Features of Hyperpigmented Dots in Crista Cutis in Two Siblings in a Japanese Family with Inherited Acanthosis Nigricans","author":"Uchida","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_319_16","article-title":"Dermatoscopy image characteristics and differences among commonly used standard dermatoscopes","volume":"8","author":"Nirmal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib16","series-title":"Diseases of the Pigmented Skin: An Atlas and Short Text","first-page":"100","article-title":"Dermoscopy, trichoscopy & onychoscopy","author":"Khopkar","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib17","series-title":"Lever's Histopathology of the Skin","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Metabolic diseases of the skin","author":"SR","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/CDR.CDR_74_20","article-title":"Dermoscopic approach to hyperpigmented lesions in skin of color","volume":"4","author":"Ankad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Dermatology Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib19","first-page":"163","article-title":"Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management","volume":"57","author":"Misra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Japi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib20","first-page":"32","article-title":"Investigating unusual facial hyperpigmentation in darker skin","volume":"27","author":"Alexander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib21","series-title":"Pigmentary Disorders: A Comprehensive Compendium","first-page":"430","article-title":"Maturational hyperpigmentation","author":"Sonthalia","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/Pigmentinternational.Pigmentinternational_32_17","article-title":"Maturational hyperpigmentation: clinico-dermoscopic and histopathological profile of a new cutaneous marker of metabolic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Sonthalia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pigment Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/Pigmentinternational.Pigmentinternational_40_20","article-title":"Dermoscopy of\u00a0disorders of hyperpigmentation","volume":"8","author":"Sandhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pigment Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpped.2015.08.006","article-title":"Identification of cutoff points for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index in adolescents: systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Andrade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40055","article-title":"Triglyceride\u00a0to\u00a0HDL-C ratio is associated with insulin resistance in overweight and obese children","volume":"7","author":"Iwani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2426","article-title":"Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and the reciprocal index of homeostasis model assessment in normal range weight and moderately obese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"26","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.14","article-title":"Triglycerides\/glucose index is a useful surrogate marker of insulin resistance among adolescents","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v1.i2.36","article-title":"Surrogate markers of insulin resistance: a review","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S137527","article-title":"Current treatment options for acanthosis nigricans","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib30","first-page":"159","article-title":"Topical tretinoin in acanthosis nigricans","volume":"62","author":"Lahiri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.147838","article-title":"The efficacy of topical 0.1% adapalene gel for use in the treatment of childhood acanthosis nigricans: a pilot study","volume":"60","author":"Treesirichod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib32","first-page":"33","article-title":"Topical therapy with tretinoin and ammonium lactate for acanthosis nigricans associated with obesity","volume":"71","author":"Blobstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02931.x","article-title":"Improvement of idiopathic acanthosis nigricans with a triple combination depigmenting cream. Vol. 23","author":"Adigun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol: JEADV"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K446","article-title":"Treatment options in insulin resistance obesity-related acanthosis nigricans","volume":"42","author":"Romo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630802050506","article-title":"Acanthosis nigricans associated with primary hypogonadism: successful treatment with topical calcipotriol","volume":"19","author":"Gregoriou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2012.674194","article-title":"Using trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Zayed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib37","first-page":"170","article-title":"To compare the efficacy and safety of trichloroacetic acid peel with topical tretinoin in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans: a randomized controlled\u00a0study","volume":"29","author":"Rajegowda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pakistan Assoc Dermatologists"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14731","article-title":"Treatment\u00a0of acanthosis nigricans with sequential salicylic\u00a0acid-mandelic acid combination peel and maintenance with glycolic acid-urea combination cream: a retrospective\u00a0pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Zeeshan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640250112027","article-title":"Treatment of acanthosis nigricans with oral isotretinoin","volume":"116","author":"Katz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib40","first-page":"677","article-title":"Improvement of acanthosis nigricans on isotretinoin and\u00a0metformin","volume":"2","author":"Walling","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib41","article-title":"Costello syndrome with severe nodulocystic acne: unexpected significant improvement of acanthosis nigricans after oral isotretinoin treatment","volume":"2015","author":"Sriboonnark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555566173174","article-title":"Treatment of acanthosis nigricans with etretinate (Tigason) in a patient with Lawrence-Seip syndrome (generalized lipodystrophy)","volume":"66","author":"M\u00f8rk","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(09)80242-9","article-title":"Successful treatment of acanthosis nigricans with etretinate","volume":"31","author":"Akovbyan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345776","article-title":"Recovery of acanthosis nigricans under prolonged metformin treatment in an adolescent with normal weight","volume":"32","author":"Wasniewska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13206","article-title":"Acanthosis nigricans and its response to metformin","volume":"34","author":"Giri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib46","first-page":"884","article-title":"Comparison of metformin versus rosiglitazone in patients with Acanthosis nigricans: a pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Bellot-Rojas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatology JDD"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pap.0000249909.54047.0e","article-title":"Metformin plus low-dose glimeperide significantly improves homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and \u03b2-cell function (HOMA\u03b2-cell) without hyperinsulinemia in patients\u00a0with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Bermudez-Pirela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib48","first-page":"160","article-title":"Regression of acanthosis nigricans with the addition of sitagliptin and pioglitazone","volume":"64","author":"Adderley-Rolle","year":"2015","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_417_17","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of metformin versus CanthexTM in patients with acanthosis nigricans: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Sett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib50","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Treatment of acanthosis nigricans of the axillae using a long-pulsed (5-msec) alexandrite laser","volume":"30","author":"Rosenbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib51","first-page":"290","article-title":"Comparison of long-pulsed alexandrite laser and topical tretinoin-ammonium lactate in axillary acanthosis nigricans: a case series of patients in a before-after trial","volume":"7","author":"Ehsani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Casp J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02944-9","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser and 0.05% tretinoin cream in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Leerapongnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib53","series-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","article-title":"Acanthosis nigricans of the lips treated with carbon dioxide laser ablation","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2505-x","article-title":"Comparative study using fractional carbon dioxide laser versus glycolic acid peel in treatment of pseudo-acanthosis nigricans","volume":"33","author":"Zaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci."}],"container-title":["Medical Journal Armed Forces India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377123724000558?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377123724000558?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T13:30:11Z","timestamp":1715261411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377123724000558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377123724000558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-1237"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-1237","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Review of facial acanthosis nigricans: Easy to diagnose and difficult to treat marker of hyperinsulinemia\/metabolic syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India Pvt. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}