{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:52:19Z","timestamp":1793922739474,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Journal Armed Forces India"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T19:45:32Z","timestamp":1757015132000},"page":"672-679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development and validation of an artificial intelligence algorithm for cervical vertebral maturation staging using lateral cephalograms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4957-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramnarayan","family":"BK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sindhu","family":"P","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preeti","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4538-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahesh","family":"DR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darshana","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1367691","article-title":"Reliability of growth indicators and efficiency of functional treatment for skeletal class II malocclusion: current evidence and controversies","volume":"2017","author":"Perinetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.889072","article-title":"Bone age assessment using cephalometric photographs","volume":"78","author":"Durka-Zaj\u0105c","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib3","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib4","first-page":"36","article-title":"A comparison of hand wrist bone analysis with two different cervical vertebral analysis in measuring skeletal maturation","volume":"6","author":"Pichai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.08.033","article-title":"Use of cervical vertebral maturation to determine skeletal age","volume":"136","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0295-8","article-title":"Usage and comparison of artificial intelligence algorithms for determination of growth and development by cervical vertebrae stages in orthodontics","volume":"20","author":"K\u00f6k","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(08)60093-5","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of skeletal maturation stages for orthodontic patients: hand-wrist bones or cervical vertebrae?","volume":"107","author":"Lai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ksujds.2012.11.001","article-title":"New model for cervical vertebral bone age estimation in boys","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"King Saud University Journal of Dental Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140270","article-title":"Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Cericato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1407","article-title":"Objective evaluation of cervical vertebral bone age\u2019 its reliability in comparison with hand-wrist bone age: by TW3 method","volume":"14","author":"Prasad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2017.11.018","article-title":"[Pubertal growth of 1,453 healthy children according to age at pubertal growth spurt onset. The Barcelona longitudinal growth study]","volume":"89","author":"Carrascosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"An Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.08.014","article-title":"Validation of cervical vertebral maturation stages: artificial intelligence vs human observer visual analysis","volume":"158","author":"Amasya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib13","article-title":"Development of an artificial intelligence system for the automatic evaluation of cervical vertebral maturation status","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2022.52.2.112","article-title":"Deep learning for the classification of cervical maturation degree and pubertal growth spurts: a pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Mohammad-Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12443","article-title":"Determination of growth and development periods in orthodontics with artificial neural network","volume":"24","author":"K\u00f6k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269198","article-title":"Fully automated determination of the cervical vertebrae maturation stages using deep learning with directional filters","volume":"17","author":"Atici","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/e21121222","article-title":"Deep learning and artificial intelligence for the determination of the cervical vertebra maturation degree from lateral radiography","volume":"21","author":"Makaremi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib18","article-title":"A survey on image data augmentation for deep learning","volume":"6","author":"Shorten","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Big Data [Internet]"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib19","article-title":"Comparison of deep learning models for cervical vertebral maturation stage classification on lateral cephalometric radiographs","volume":"10","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering4040056","article-title":"A VGG-19 model with transfer learning and image segmentation for classification of tomato leaf disease","volume":"4","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"AgriEngineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib21","series-title":"Very Deep Convolutional Networks (VGG) Essential Guide","author":"Boesch","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.013","article-title":"Cervical vertebrae maturation method morphologic criteria: poor reproducibility","volume":"140","author":"Nestman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["Medical Journal Armed Forces India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377123725002382?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377123725002382?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T20:09:30Z","timestamp":1762027770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377123725002382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377123725002382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-1237"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-1237","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and validation of an artificial intelligence algorithm for cervical vertebral maturation staging using lateral cephalograms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Journal Armed Forces India","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.08.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India Pvt. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}