{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:20:01Z","timestamp":1793143201860,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2021-NR056922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR056922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2021-NR057184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR057184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecules and Cells"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:17:06Z","timestamp":1757031426000},"page":"100274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Current therapeutic strategies in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0983-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9248-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung Dae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3166","article-title":"Transsynaptic tracing and its emerging use to assess graft-reconstructed neural circuits","volume":"38","author":"Adler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.08.058","article-title":"hESC-Derived dopaminergic transplants integrate into basal ganglia circuitry in a preclinical model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"28","author":"Adler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060404","article-title":"Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus for the alleviation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in the primate","volume":"6","author":"Aziz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000481106","article-title":"Current and expected advances in deep brain stimulation for movement disorders","volume":"33","author":"Bari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neurol.\u00a0Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.123","article-title":"Cell-based therapies for Parkinson disease-past insights and future potential","volume":"11","author":"Barker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00505.x","article-title":"Reversal of rigidity and improvement in motor performance by subthalamic high-frequency stimulation in MPTP-treated monkeys","volume":"5","author":"Benazzouz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur.\u00a0J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2402638","article-title":"Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"249","author":"Bergman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90472-4","article-title":"Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway by intracerebral nigral transplants","volume":"177","author":"Bjorklund","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31787-2","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein fibril-specific nanobody reduces prion-like alpha-synuclein spreading in mice","volume":"13","author":"Butler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Calabresi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1438","article-title":"Oral ENT-01 targets enteric neurons to treat constipation in Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"175","author":"Camilleri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1529","article-title":"Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling","volume":"27","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.03.014","article-title":"Chemical control of grafted human PSC-derived neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2023-000535","article-title":"Ambroxol as a disease-modifying treatment to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in GBA-associated Parkinson's disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial. The AMBITIOUS study protocol","volume":"5","author":"Colucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281","article-title":"A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease","volume":"355","author":"Deuschl","year":"2006","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar5429","article-title":"LRRK2 activation in idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Di Maio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.01.013","article-title":"Isolation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors by cell sorting for successful transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Doi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200502173520719","article-title":"The glucocerebrosidase gene and Parkinson's disease in Ashkenazi Jews","volume":"352","author":"Eblan","year":"2005","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.003","article-title":"Anatomical and functional reconstruction of the nigrostriatal pathway by intranigral transplants","volume":"35","author":"Gaillard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2019.06.008","article-title":"Partial reconstruction of the nigrostriatal circuit along a preformed molecular guidance pathway","volume":"14","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol.\u00a0Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0792","article-title":"Skin biopsy detection of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in patients with synucleinopathies","volume":"331","author":"Gibbons","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.04.011","article-title":"Monosynaptic tracing using modified rabies virus reveals early and extensive circuit integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons","volume":"4","author":"Grealish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib23","article-title":"NPT1220-312, a TLR2\/TLR9 small molecule antagonist, inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling, cytokine release, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"2022","author":"Habas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib24","article-title":"Moving to a non-dopaminergic approach for the treatment of OFF fluctuations in Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Isaacson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin.\u00a0Park. Relat.\u00a0Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105537","article-title":"Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC modulate survival and death of dopamine neurons and Parkinson's disease features","volume":"40","author":"Jasmin","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801022-8.00003-9","article-title":"An overview of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in Parkinson's disease","volume":"119","author":"Jenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int.\u00a0Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1968298","article-title":"Redefining the strategy for the use of COMT inhibitors in Parkinson's disease: the role of opicapone","volume":"21","author":"Jenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29297","article-title":"LRRK2 inhibition by BIIB122 in healthy participants and patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Jennings","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23664","article-title":"Human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic neurons function in a primate Parkinson's disease model","volume":"548","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.04.009","article-title":"Generation of regionally specified neural progenitors and functional neurons from human embryonic stem cells under defined conditions","volume":"1","author":"Kirkeby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.09.004","article-title":"Predictive markers guide differentiation to improve graft outcome in clinical translation of hESC-based therapy for Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Kirkeby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-019-00654-z","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of pharmacotherapies for Parkinson's disease in geriatric patients","volume":"36","author":"Klietz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.02.003","article-title":"Ambroxol increases glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity and restores GCase translocation in primary patient-derived macrophages in Gaucher disease and Parkinsonism","volume":"84","author":"Kopytova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat.\u00a0Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10648","article-title":"Dopamine neurons derived from human ES cells efficiently engraft in animal models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"480","author":"Kriks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib35","first-page":"16","article-title":"Cognitive-motor interactions of the basal ganglia in development","volume":"8","author":"Leisman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front.\u00a0Syst.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104021","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the oligomer modulator anle138b with exposure levels sufficient for therapeutic efficacy in a murine Parkinson model: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1a trial","volume":"80","author":"Levin","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1746","article-title":"Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605245113","article-title":"Extensive graft-derived dopaminergic innervation is maintained 24 years after transplantation in the degenerating Parkinsonian brain","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc.\u00a0Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2105529","article-title":"Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease","volume":"247","author":"Lindvall","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520420033021","article-title":"Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with severe Parkinson's disease. A detailed account of methodology and a 6-month follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Lindvall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310206","article-title":"Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease: one-year clinical and neurophysiological observations in two patients with putaminal implants","volume":"31","author":"Lindvall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312323","article-title":"Trial of lixisenatide in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"390","author":"Meissner","year":"2024","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib44","article-title":"A Phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous prasinezumab in early-stage Parkinson's disease (PADOVA): rationale, design, and baseline data","volume":"132","author":"Nikolcheva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat.\u00a0Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202867","article-title":"Trial of prasinezumab in early-stage Parkinson's disease","volume":"387","author":"Pagano","year":"2022","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl.\u00a0J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02886-y","article-title":"Prasinezumab slows motor progression in rapidly progressing early-stage Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Pagano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0257-7","article-title":"The future of stem cell therapies for Parkinson disease","volume":"21","author":"Parmar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s44328-024-00023-w","article-title":"A same day alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC seed amplification assay for synucleinopathy biospecimens","volume":"2","author":"Parveen","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Biosens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.571147","article-title":"Brain grafts reduce motor abnormalities produced by destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine system","volume":"204","author":"Perlow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48731-1","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of symptom-specific networks in Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Rajamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(96)86915-9","article-title":"Psychotic complications of long term levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Rampello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch.\u00a0Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00712","article-title":"From metabolism to mind: the expanding role of the GLP-1 receptor in neurotherapeutics","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08700-0","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for Parkinson's disease","volume":"641","author":"Sawamoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.91","article-title":"Non-motor features of Parkinson disease","volume":"18","author":"Schapira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901281","article-title":"Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease","volume":"361","author":"Sidransky","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29170","article-title":"Phase 1\/1b studies of UCB0599, an oral inhibitor of alpha-synuclein misfolding, including a randomized study in Parkinson's disease","volume":"37","author":"Smit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov.\u00a0Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08845-y","article-title":"Phase I trial of hES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease","volume":"641","author":"Tabar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.418","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells from fibroblast cultures","volume":"2","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212976","article-title":"Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: past, present, and future","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31790-7","article-title":"Heparin induces alpha-synuclein to form new fibril polymorphs with attenuated neuropathology","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00544-7","article-title":"Perspective on the current state of the LRRK2 field","volume":"9","author":"Taymans","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.013912","article-title":"Long term motor complications of levodopa: clinical features, mechanisms, and management strategies","volume":"80","author":"Thanvi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Postgrad.\u00a0Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06878.x","article-title":"Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the adult mouse brain","volume":"30","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur.\u00a0J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1145","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts","volume":"282","author":"Thomson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0491-1","article-title":"Protocol of a randomised delayed-start double-blind placebo-controlled multi-centre trial for Levodopa in EArly Parkinson's disease: the LEAP-study","volume":"15","author":"Verschuur","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02808-3","article-title":"Exenatide once a week versus placebo as a potential disease-modifying treatment for people with Parkinson's disease in the UK: a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"405","author":"Vijiaratnam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15234","article-title":"Amantadine treatment and delayed onset of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050691","article-title":"GDNF triggers fiber outgrowth of fetal ventral mesencephalic grafts from nigra to striatum in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats","volume":"286","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.15.1","article-title":"Development of a global network of induced pluripotent stem cell haplobanks","volume":"10","author":"Wilmut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp3645","article-title":"Neuronal FAM171A2 mediates alpha-synuclein fibril uptake and drives Parkinson's disease","volume":"387","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.08.014","article-title":"Human stem cell-derived neurons repair circuits and restore neural function","volume":"28","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-107","article-title":"Evaluating glymphatic pathway function utilizing clinically relevant intrathecal infusion of CSF tracer","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00437-6","article-title":"Clinical, mechanistic, biomarker, and therapeutic advances in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."}],"container-title":["Molecules and Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1016847825000986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1016847825000986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T10:40:41Z","timestamp":1772880041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1016847825000986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1016847825000986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274","relation":{},"ISSN":["1016-8478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1016-8478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current therapeutic strategies in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Future perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecules and Cells","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mocell.2025.100274","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100274"}}