{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:29:20Z","timestamp":1787819360050,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020950","name":"Department of Pathology, Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HUM00211644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HUM00211644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mp.uscap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Modern Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T12:56:53Z","timestamp":1687957013000},"page":"100265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Utility of GLI1 RNA Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization in Distinguishing Basal Cell Carcinoma From Histopathologic Mimics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tyler D.","family":"Menge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Durgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Hrycaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Brent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Fullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May P.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2504-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott C.","family":"Bresler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.03.060","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma: epidemiology; pathophysiology; clinical and histological subtypes; and disease associations","volume":"80","author":"Cameron","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-016-0706-9","article-title":"Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)","volume":"10","author":"Bresler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08273.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"157","author":"Roewert-Huber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20608","article-title":"Radiotherapy for cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"119","author":"Mendenhall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.3020","article-title":"Evaluation of watchful waiting and tumor behavior in patients with basal cell carcinoma: an observational cohort study of 280 basal cell carcinomas in 89 patients","volume":"157","author":"van Winden","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.04.006","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of facial basal cell carcinoma after surgical excision: a follow-up analysis","volume":"70","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.008","article-title":"Surgical margins required for basal cell carcinomas treated with Mohs micrographic surgery according to tumor features","volume":"83","author":"Cerci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2017-0222-RA","article-title":"Histologic mimics of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"141","author":"Stanoszek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqz089","article-title":"Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: molecular ancillary testing and reappraisal of histopathology within a rare entity","volume":"152","author":"Laga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2008.01223.x","article-title":"Caveats in BerEP4 staining to differentiate basal and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4137\/BIC.S11856","article-title":"Use of Ber-EP4 and epithelial specific antigen to differentiate clinical simulators of basal cell carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Dasgeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomark Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3801000","article-title":"Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical reappraisal","volume":"21","author":"Hoang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e3181a12f5a","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: review","volume":"16","author":"Pulitzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2017.05.004","article-title":"Update on Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Harms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000664","article-title":"Utility of Ber-EP4 and MOC-31 in basaloid skin tumor detection","volume":"27","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2570","article-title":"The role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in the development of basal cell carcinoma and opportunities for treatment","volume":"16","author":"Caro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040538","article-title":"Next-generation Hedgehog\/GLI pathway inhibitors for cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Peer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22612.x","article-title":"GLI2 is expressed in normal human epidermis and BCC and induces GLI1 expression by binding to its promoter","volume":"122","author":"Ikram","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2011","article-title":"Primary cilia can both mediate and suppress Hedgehog pathway\u2013dependent tumorigenesis","volume":"15","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07142-9","article-title":"Hedgehog stimulates hair follicle neogenesis by creating inductive dermis during murine skin wound healing","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1258705","article-title":"Sustained Hedgehog signaling is required for basal cell carcinoma proliferation and survival: conditional skin tumorigenesis recapitulates the hair growth cycle","volume":"19","author":"Hutchin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225511","article-title":"Expression profile of sonic hedgehog signaling-related molecules in basal cell carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14543","article-title":"Immunohistochemical visualization of the signature of activated Hedgehog signaling pathway in cutaneous epithelial tumors","volume":"45","author":"Tanese","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001859","article-title":"Glioma-associated oncogene-1 expression in basal cell carcinoma and its histologic mimics","volume":"43","author":"Gradecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21191","article-title":"Expression of hedgehog signaling molecules in Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Brunner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2014.26.6.713","article-title":"Expression patterns of gli-1, pleckstrin homology-like domain, family a, member 1, transforming growth factor-\u03b21\/\u03b22, and p63 in sebaceous and follicular tumors","volume":"26","author":"Jeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001917","article-title":"Reevaluation of GLI1 expression in skin tumors","volume":"43","author":"Kervarrec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2011.08.002","article-title":"RNAscope: a novel in situ RNA analysis platform for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"55","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93392","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21851","article-title":"RNAscope in situ hybridization confirms mRNA integrity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancer tissue samples","volume":"8","author":"Bingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2012.10.003","article-title":"Automated quantitative RNA in situ hybridization for resolution of equivocal and heterogeneous ERBB2 (HER2) status in invasive breast carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00800-2","article-title":"PDGFB RNA in situ hybridization for the diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans","volume":"34","author":"Cloutier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001199","article-title":"MDM2 RNA in situ hybridization for the diagnosis of atypical lipomatous tumor: a study evaluating DNA, RNA, and protein expression","volume":"43","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-021-00570-2","article-title":"Evaluation of the suitability of RNAscope as a technique to measure gene expression in clinical diagnostics: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Atout","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00928-1","article-title":"Genomic evidence suggests that cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas can arise from squamous dysplastic precursors","volume":"35","author":"Harms","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3438","article-title":"Induction of basal cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas in mice overexpressing GLI-1","volume":"97","author":"Nilsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00264.x","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and other basaloid cell neoplasms of the skin by the quantification of Gli1 transcript levels","volume":"32","author":"Hatta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00729.x","article-title":"Gli1 protein is expressed in basal cell carcinomas, outer root sheath keratinocytes and a subpopulation of mesenchymal cells in normal human skin","volume":"113","author":"Ghali","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01185","article-title":"Regulation and role of GLI1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Pyczek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2273-6","article-title":"Gli1, a potential regulator of esophageal cancer stem cell, is identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"143","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2017.03.004","article-title":"Gli1 expression in cancer stem-like cells predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"102","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12406","article-title":"Spiradenoma and cylindroma originate from the hair follicle bulge and not from the eccrine sweat gland: an immunohistochemical study with CD200 and other stem cell markers","volume":"42","author":"Sellheyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318299fcac","article-title":"Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 27 cases","volume":"37","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib42","first-page":"3697","article-title":"Digital pathology: advantages, limitations and emerging perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Jahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5622","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0299","article-title":"Age and gender associations of virus positivity in Merkel cell carcinoma characterized using a novel RNA in situ hybridization assay","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Modern Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0893395223001709?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0893395223001709?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:24:21Z","timestamp":1760232261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0893395223001709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0893395223001709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-3952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-3952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utility of GLI1 RNA Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization in Distinguishing Basal Cell Carcinoma From Histopathologic Mimics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Modern Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100265","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100265"}}