{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:17:53Z","timestamp":1786994273066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mp.uscap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Modern Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T12:22:58Z","timestamp":1751545378000},"page":"100836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Distinct Patterns of GLUT1 Expression in Human Papillomavirus Associated and Human Papillomavirus Independent Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44970","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107350200","article-title":"A three-dimensional model of the human facilitative glucose transporter Glut1","volume":"276","author":"Zuniga","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02411-3","article-title":"Structure, function and regulation of mammalian glucose transporters of the SLC2 family","volume":"472","author":"Holman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.9.5555","article-title":"Dual control of glut1 glucose transporter gene expression by hypoxia and by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"272","author":"Behrooz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-020-00773-y","article-title":"Hypoxia induces the translocation of glucose transporter 1 to the plasma membrane in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"70","author":"Mamun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2024.049","article-title":"Exploring the Interplay between the Warburg effect and glucolipotoxicity in cancer development: a novel perspective on cancer etiology","volume":"14","author":"Akl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041532","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg effect in cancer","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-010-0938-0","article-title":"Hypoxia and metabolic phenotypes during breast carcinogenesis: expression of HIF-1alpha, GLUT1, and CAIX","volume":"457","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310575","article-title":"The effect of GLUT1 and HIF-1alpha expressions on glucose uptake and patient survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Kokeza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.8003","article-title":"BCAT1 overexpression regulates proliferation and c-Myc\/GLUT1 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11159","article-title":"Overexpression of Glut-1 and increased glucose metabolism in tumors are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Kunkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.13990","article-title":"Prognostic impact of the combination of HIF-1alpha and GLUT1 in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-760","article-title":"GLUT-1 expression is largely unrelated to both hypoxia and the Warburg phenotype in squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva","volume":"14","author":"Mayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200003000-00013","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of the simplex (differentiated) type: a clinicopathologic study including analysis of HPV and p53 expression","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100145","article-title":"Classification of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions by p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry: considerations, caveats, and an algorithmic approach","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.06.043","article-title":"p53 regulates glucose metabolism by miR-34a","volume":"437","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.53","article-title":"Optimized p53 immunohistochemistry is an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation in ovarian carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Kobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0524-1","article-title":"Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status","volume":"33","author":"Tessier-Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"85","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/51426-v","article-title":"RNAscope for in situ detection of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6903","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.37070","article-title":"HPV 16 E6\/E7 up-regulate the expression of both HIF-1alpha and GLUT1 by inhibition of RRAD and activation of NF-\u03baB in lung cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.559543","article-title":"HPV 16 E6\/E7 promote the glucose uptake of GLUT1 in lung cancer through downregulation of TXNIP due to inhibition of PTEN phosphorylation","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0527-y","article-title":"p53 Immunohistochemical patterns in HPV-related neoplasms of the female lower genital tract can be mistaken for TP53 null or missense mutational patterns","volume":"33","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193494","article-title":"The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes","volume":"330","author":"Levine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.57.115","article-title":"GLUT-1 immunoexpression in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma","volume":"57","author":"Angadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25543","article-title":"Warburg phenotype in renal cell carcinoma: high expression of glucose-transporter 1 (GLUT-1) correlates with low CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in the tumor","volume":"128","author":"Singer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15941","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28253","article-title":"Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 regulates laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma glycolysis and chemoresistance via the YAP1\/TEAD1\/GLUT1 pathway","volume":"234","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6782","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16545","article-title":"Anti-tumour effects of a macrolide analog F806 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting and promoting GLUT1 autolysosomal degradation","volume":"289","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02106-z","article-title":"GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 induces apoptosis and enhances anticancer effects of bitter receptor agonists in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554221101662","article-title":"GLUT1, LDHA, and MCT4 expression is deregulated in cervical cancer and precursor lesions","volume":"70","author":"Reyna-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.05.036","article-title":"TIGAR, a p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis","volume":"126","author":"Bensaad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030776","article-title":"Emerging roles of p53 family members in glucose metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Itahana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1724","article-title":"p53 regulates glucose metabolism through an IKK-NF-kappaB pathway and inhibits cell transformation","volume":"10","author":"Kawauchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-0846","article-title":"The tumor suppressor p53 down-regulates glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 gene expression","volume":"64","author":"Schwartzenberg-Bar-Yoseph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3935","article-title":"Tumour-associated mutant p53 drives the Warburg effect","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(99)00038-6","article-title":"The ARF\/p53 pathway","volume":"10","author":"Sherr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22785","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.587493","article-title":"MDM2 regulates hypoxic hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha stability in an E3 ligase, proteasome, and PTEN-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-dependent manner","volume":"289","author":"Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000572","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar aberrant maturation","volume":"25","author":"Heller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.02.015","article-title":"Squamous precursor lesions of the vulva: current classification and diagnostic challenges","volume":"48","author":"Hoang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"}],"container-title":["Modern Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0893395225001334?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0893395225001334?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T21:51:29Z","timestamp":1763502689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0893395225001334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0893395225001334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-3952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-3952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distinct Patterns of GLUT1 Expression in Human Papillomavirus Associated and Human Papillomavirus Independent Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Modern Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.modpat.2025.100836","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100836"}}