{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:10:53Z","timestamp":1789985453488,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T05:40:14Z","timestamp":1196487614000},"page":"1665-1673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Peptidoglycan-mediated IL-8 expression in human alveolar type II epithelial cells requires lipid raft formation and MAPK activation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"In Su","family":"Cheon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Su","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Seong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintaek","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol-Heui","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Kyun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Ki","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00024-06","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus entry depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis","volume":"80","author":"Blanchard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L30","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00360.2002","article-title":"Differential roles for NF-kappa B in endotoxin and oxygen induction of interleukin-8 in the macrophage","volume":"286","author":"D\u2019Angio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82362-6","article-title":"The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway","volume":"268","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb975","article-title":"Distinct endocytic pathways regulate TGF-beta receptor signalling and turnover","volume":"5","author":"Di Guglielmo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141021","article-title":"Location is everything: lipid rafts and immune cell signaling","volume":"21","author":"Dykstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/rr36","article-title":"Alveolar epithelial type II cell: defender of the alveolus revisited","volume":"2","author":"Fehrenbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L11","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00488.2005","article-title":"Downregulation by a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist and corticosteroid of Staphylococcus aureus-induced airway epithelial inflammatory mediator production","volume":"291","author":"Fragaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.2.425-436.2003","article-title":"p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent signaling of mRNA stability of AU-rich element-containing transcripts","volume":"23","author":"Frevel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-12-1057","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection","volume":"49","author":"Gillespie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200651200","article-title":"Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection","volume":"278","author":"Girardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7613","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7613-7619.2005","article-title":"Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus upregulates monocyte expression of CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in human blood: possible implications for priming of lipopolysaccharide signaling","volume":"73","author":"Hadley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(99)00008-9","article-title":"Suppression of the interleukin-2 gene expression by aflatoxin B1 is mediated through the down-regulation of the NF-AT and AP-1 transcription factors","volume":"108","author":"Han","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000202204.01230.44","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Staphylococcus aureus stimulates human neutrophil cytokine release by a CD14-dependent, Toll-like-receptor-independent mechanism: autocrine role of tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] in mediating LTA-induced interleukin-8 generation","volume":"34","author":"Hattar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6462","article-title":"Induction of NO synthesis by lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus in J774 macrophages: involvement of a CD14-dependent pathway","volume":"233","author":"Hattor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.05.008","article-title":"Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria elicit different patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes","volume":"30","author":"Hessle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.127-133.2002","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus agr and sarA functions are required for invasive infection but not inflammatory responses in the lung","volume":"70","author":"Heyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.72.5.847","article-title":"Multiple control of interleukin-8 gene expression","volume":"72","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb43284.x","article-title":"The effects of the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B on thin lipid membranes","volume":"235","author":"Holz","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.16.6157","article-title":"Many pulmonary pathogenic bacteria bind specifically to the carbohydrate sequence GalNAc beta 1-4Gal found in some glycolipids","volume":"85","author":"Krivan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1326.020","article-title":"Innate immune sensing of microbes by Nod proteins","volume":"1072","author":"Kufer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0467","article-title":"Innate immune response of corneal epithelial cells to Staphylococcus aureus infection: role of peptidoglycan in stimulating proinflammatory cytokine secretion","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00953.x","article-title":"Pulmonary collectins in innate immunity of the lung","author":"Kuroki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C218","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00605.2005","article-title":"Innate immune response in CF airway epithelia: hyperinflammatory?","volume":"291","author":"Machen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.3134","article-title":"Differential recognition of TLR-dependent microbial ligands in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"178","author":"Mayer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9086","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.161290898","article-title":"ATP transduces signals from ASGM1, a glycolipid that functions as a bacterial receptor","volume":"98","author":"McNamara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36831-X","article-title":"Novel mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated gene repression. Nuclear factor-kappa B is target for glucocorticoid-mediated interleukin-8 gene repression","volume":"269","author":"Mukaida","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1785","article-title":"Mannose-binding lectin recognizes peptidoglycan via the N-acetyl glucosamine moiety, and inhibits ligand-induced proinflammatory effect and promotes chemokine production by macrophages","volume":"175","author":"Nadesalingam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-2985-00156","article-title":"Pulmonary innate immune proteins and receptors that interact with Gram-positive bacterial ligands","volume":"205","author":"Palaniyar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/ar408","article-title":"Differential binding of chemokines to macrophages and neutrophils in the human inflamed synovium","volume":"4","author":"Patterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib30","first-page":"4435","article-title":"Effects of the pH dependence of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide-formazan absorption on chemosensitivity determined by a novel tetrazolium-based assay","volume":"49","author":"Plumb","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1998.4.37","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan: CD14-dependent bacterial inducers of inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Rietschel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-29","article-title":"Antimicrobial proteins and polypeptides in pulmonary innate defence","volume":"7","author":"Rogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2002.01137.x","article-title":"Differences in LPS-induced activation of bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and type II-like pneumocytes (A-549)","volume":"56","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17406","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.25.17406","article-title":"Peptidoglycan- and lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by toll-like receptor 2","volume":"274","author":"Schwandner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7289","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.11.7289","article-title":"Caveolins, liquid-ordered domains, and signal transduction","volume":"19","author":"Smart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114928","article-title":"Interleukin-8 gene expression by a pulmonary epithelial cell line. A model for cytokine networks in the lung","volume":"86","author":"Standiford","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00416-8","article-title":"Lipid rafts unite signaling cascades with clathrin to regulate BCR internalization","volume":"17","author":"Stoddart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1747","article-title":"Signalling pathways and molecular interactions of NOD1 and NOD2","volume":"6","author":"Strober","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12085","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212992200","article-title":"Heterogeneity in control of mRNA stability by AU-rich elements","volume":"278","author":"Tebo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400248","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2-dependent bacterial sensing does not occur via peptidoglycan recognition","volume":"5","author":"Travassos","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.12.2603","article-title":"Mediators of innate immune recognition of bacteria concentrate in lipid rafts and facilitate lipopolysaccharide-induced cell activation","volume":"115","author":"Triantafilou","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.8.4226","article-title":"Modulation of human beta-defensin-2 transcription in pulmonary epithelial cells by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes via proinflammatory cytokine production","volume":"170","author":"Tsutsumi-Ishii","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.3965-3970.2000","article-title":"Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus induce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 production in both T cells and monocytes in a human whole blood model","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000092268.01859.0d","article-title":"Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid in gram-positive bacterial sepsis: receptors, signal transduction, biological effects, and synergism","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000109775.22138.8F","article-title":"Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus causes inflammation and organ injury in the rat","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.11.4709-4715.1994","article-title":"Soluble peptidoglycan-induced monokine production can be blocked by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies and by lipid A partial structures","volume":"62","author":"Weidemann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.3.858-864.1997","article-title":"Specific binding of soluble peptidoglycan and muramyldipeptide to CD14 on human monocytes","volume":"65","author":"Weidemann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-5-23","article-title":"Syndecan-1 mediates internalization of apoE-VLDL through a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-independent, non-clathrin-mediated pathway","volume":"5","author":"Wilsie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."}],"container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589007007894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589007007894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T01:55:48Z","timestamp":1684115748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161589007007894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161589007007894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-5890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-5890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}