{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T20:57:12Z","timestamp":1782766632013,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017YFD0500304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0500304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31602080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31602080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31860691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T06:26:10Z","timestamp":1592288770000},"page":"117-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A safe non-toxic Brucella abortus ghosts induce immune responses and confer protection in BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Shuli","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wehihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4198-4204.2005","article-title":"Protective properties of rifampin-resistant rough mutants of Brucella melitensis","volume":"73","author":"Adone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01102-X","article-title":"Th1-Th2: reliable paradigm or dangerous dogma?","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.1.254-256.1990","article-title":"Comparative protection of mice against virulent and attenuated strains of Brucella abortus by passive transfer of immune T cells or serum","volume":"58","author":"Araya","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.02.041","article-title":"Adverse events in humans associated with accidental exposure to the livestock brucellosis vaccine RB51","volume":"22","author":"Ashford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2000.9695040","article-title":"The use of skin delayed-type hypersensitivity as an adjunct test to diagnose brucellosis in cattle: a review","volume":"22","author":"Bercovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00165-X","article-title":"Brucellosis: a worldwide zoonosis","volume":"4","author":"Boschiroli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1139\/W10-025","article-title":"Intragastric immunization of mice with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial ghosts reduces mortality and shedding and induces a Th2-type dominated mixed immune response","volume":"56","author":"Cai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3923\/ijds.2009.142.151","article-title":"Evaluation of vaccination with Brucella abortus S19 vaccine in cattle naturally infected with brucellosis in productive systems found in the Mexican Tropic","volume":"4","author":"Carde\u00f1a","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Dai Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.441-449.2006","article-title":"Regulation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce1 operon","volume":"188","author":"Casali","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891X11308010006","article-title":"Brucella as a potential agent of bioterrorism","volume":"8","author":"Doganay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00677-1","article-title":"Recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghosts as a delivery vehicle for vaccinating against Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"21","author":"Eko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.4.825","article-title":"Safety of Brucella abortus strain RB51 in Bison","volume":"34","author":"Elzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Wildlife Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.52","article-title":"Brucella taxonomy and evolution","volume":"5","author":"Ficht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0","article-title":"Brucella ceti sp. nov. and Brucella pinnipedialis sp. nov. for Brucella strains with cetaceans and seals as their preferred hosts","volume":"57","author":"Foster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70286-4","article-title":"Human brucellosis","volume":"7","author":"Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.02.126","article-title":"Intradermal immunization with outer membrane protein 25 protects Balb\/c mice from virulent B. abortus 544","volume":"51","author":"Goel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01350-2","article-title":"Immunity and protection against Brucella abortus","volume":"3","author":"Golding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.03.011","article-title":"Brucellosis vaccines for livestock","volume":"181","author":"Goodwin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.12.038","article-title":"Increases of efficacy as vaccine against Brucella abortus infection in mice by simultaneous inoculation with avirulent smooth bvrS\/bvrR and rough wbkA mutants","volume":"24","author":"Grill\u00f3","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5578-5586.2005","article-title":"Systematic targeted mutagenesis of Brucella melitensis 16M reveals a major role for GntR regulators in the control of virulence","volume":"73","author":"Haine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(02)00267-5","article-title":"Bacterial ghosts as vaccine candidates for veterinary applications","volume":"85","author":"Jalava","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu102","article-title":"The new strains Brucella inopinata BO1 and Brucella species 83-210 behave biologically like classic infectious Brucella species and cause death in murine models of infection","volume":"210","author":"Jimenez de Bagues","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-009-9147-y","article-title":"Generation of Vibrio anguillarum ghost by coexpression of PhiX 174 lysis E gene and staphylococcal nuclease A gene","volume":"42","author":"Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(90)90070-7","article-title":"Electroporation of a suicide plasmid bearing a transposon into Brucella abortus","volume":"9","author":"Lai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3354\/dao01964","article-title":"Generation of safety enhanced Edwardsiella tarda ghost vaccine","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.10.011","article-title":"Deletion of the transcriptional regulator GntR down regulated the expression of genes related to virulence and conferred protection against wild-type Brucella challenge in BALB\/c mice","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03202.x","article-title":"Mice vaccinated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ghosts show significant protection against lethal challenges","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.04.008","article-title":"Immune responses and protection induced by Brucella suis S2 bacterial ghosts in mice","volume":"166","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2011.00316.x","article-title":"Rectal single dose immunization of mice with Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial ghosts induces efficient humoral and cellular immune responses and protects against the lethal heterologous challenge","volume":"5","author":"Mayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2003037","article-title":"Rough vaccines in animal brucellosis: structural and genetic basis and present status","volume":"35","author":"Moriy\u00f3n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050570","article-title":"Brucellosis","volume":"352","author":"Pappas","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.027","article-title":"A safe and molecular-tagged Brucella canis ghosts confers protection against virulent challenge in mice","volume":"204","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.26.647","article-title":"Brucella species infection in North Sea seal and cetacean populations","volume":"138","author":"Ross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65356-0","article-title":"Brucella microti sp. nov., isolated from the common vole Microtus arvalis","volume":"58","author":"Scholz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.011148-0","article-title":"Brucella inopinata sp. nov., isolated from a breast implant infection","volume":"60","author":"Scholz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.1030-1034.1996","article-title":"Antibody responses to Brucella abortus 2308 in cattle vaccinated with B. abortus RB51","volume":"64","author":"Stevens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1086\/375595","article-title":"Human illness associated with use of veterinary vaccines","volume":"37","author":"Strausbaugh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0190","article-title":"Correction: brucellosis seropositivity in animals and humans in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tadesse","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000170","article-title":"Booster vaccination with safe, modified, live-attenuated mutants of Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine confers protective immunity against virulent strains of B. Abortus and Brucella canis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"161","author":"Truong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2009.02746.x","article-title":"Effect of oral immunization with Aeromonas hydrophila ghosts on protection against experimental fish infection","volume":"50","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6264","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6264-6269.2003","article-title":"Evaluation of Brucella abortus phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant as a new live rough-phenotype vaccine","volume":"71","author":"Ugalde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185488","article-title":"A Salmonella typhimurium ghost vaccine induces cytokine expression in vitro and immune responses in vivo and protects rats against homologous and heterologous challenges","volume":"12","author":"Vinod","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.01.002","article-title":"Mice orally vaccinated with Edwardsiella tarda ghosts are significantly protected against infection","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.03.031","article-title":"The 16M\u0394vjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00205-0","article-title":"Quantitative assessment by flow cytometry of T-lymphocytes producing antigen-specific gamma-interferon in Brucella immune cattle","volume":"66","author":"Weynants","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248685","article-title":"Dynamics of PhiX174 protein E-mediated lysis of Escherichia coli","volume":"157","author":"Witte","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.030","article-title":"Immunisation with the glycolytic enzyme enolase confers effective protection against Candida albicans infection in mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12065","article-title":"Brucella melitensis 16M\u0394hfq attenuation confers protection against wild-type challenge in BALB\/c mice","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589020303722?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589020303722?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:36:10Z","timestamp":1758980170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161589020303722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0161589020303722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-5890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-5890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A safe non-toxic Brucella abortus ghosts induce immune responses and confer protection in BALB\/c mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}