{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:02:53Z","timestamp":1790704973923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/15066-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/15066-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\/12199-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\/12199-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/04342-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/04342-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T21:44:30Z","timestamp":1654119870000},"page":"68-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["HIV-1 Gag and Vpr impair the inflammasome activation and contribute to the establishment of chronic infection in human primary macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Leonardo J.","family":"Galv\u00e3o-Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana A.","family":"Zambuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana S.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Fontanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline F. Galv\u00e3o","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f4nica S.","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia H.","family":"Faccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00facio","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz T.M.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dumith Chequer","family":"Bou-Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiani G.","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v7041578","article-title":"Eradication of HIV-1 from the macrophage reservoir: an uncertain goal?","volume":"7","author":"Abbas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.01.008","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome: from a danger signal sensor to a regulatory node of oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases","volume":"4","author":"Abderrazak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/157016208785861195","article-title":"Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 and their role in viral persistence","volume":"6","author":"Alexaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3157","article-title":"Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection","volume":"16","author":"Altfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020127","article-title":"HIV-1 Vpr-induced apoptosis is cell cycle dependent and requires bax but not ANT","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.01.001","article-title":"3-Phenylcoumarin derivatives selectively modulate different steps of reactive oxygen species production by immune complex-stimulated human neutrophils","volume":"15","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.025.099","article-title":"Inflammasome-dependent mechanisms involved in sensing and restriction of bacterial replication","volume":"25","author":"Andrade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1097-1117","article-title":"HIV-1 Vpr suppresses immune activation and apoptosis through regulation of nuclear factor \u03baB","volume":"3","author":"Ayyavoo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.58","article-title":"Inflammasomes: mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling","volume":"16","author":"Broz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12758-w","article-title":"HIV-infected macrophages and microglia that survive acute infection become viral reservoirs by a mechanism involving Bim","volume":"7","author":"Castellano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33177","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402062200","article-title":"The interaction between HIV-1 gag and APOBEC3G","volume":"279","author":"Cen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402062200","article-title":"The interaction between HIV-1 gag and APOBEC3G","volume":"279","author":"Cen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00107-19","article-title":"The role of the BCL-2 family of proteins in HIV-1 pathogenesis and persistence","volume":"33","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1102","article-title":"The BioGRID interaction database: 2017 update","volume":"45","author":"Chatr-aryamontri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.09.007","article-title":"Response of host inflammasomes to viral infection","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101593","article-title":"HIV-1 proteins preferentially activate anti-inflammatory M2-Type macrophages","volume":"188","author":"Chihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2008.01.007","article-title":"How do BCL-2 proteins induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization?","volume":"18","author":"Chipuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib18","article-title":"HIV infection of macrophages: implications for pathogenesis and cure","volume":"2","author":"Clayton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathog.\u00a0Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.3.403","article-title":"The HIV-1 vpr protein acts as a negative regulator of apoptosis in a human lymphoblastoid T cell line: possible implications for the pathogenesis of AIDS","volume":"187","author":"Conti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120572","article-title":"IL-27 inhibits HIV-1 infection in human macrophages by down-regulating host factor SPTBN1 during monocyte to macrophage differentiation","volume":"210","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2004.06.012","article-title":"Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by HIV-1 Vpr","volume":"4","author":"Deniaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102555","article-title":"Epigenetic alterations in the brain associated with HIV-1 infection and methamphetamine dependence","volume":"9","author":"Desplats","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.038166","article-title":"Mechanisms by which Bak and Bax permeabilise mitochondria during apoptosis","volume":"122","author":"Dewson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12940","article-title":"Cell death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection","volume":"505","author":"Doitsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8862-2","article-title":"HIV infection: focus on the innate immune cells","volume":"64","author":"Esp\u00edndola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23841-1","article-title":"Epigenetic alterations are associated with monocyte immune dysfunctions in HIV-1 infection","volume":"8","author":"Esp\u00edndola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.9.2752","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef activates STAT1 in human monocytes\/macrophages through the release of soluble factors","volume":"98","author":"Federico","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00786","article-title":"NOD-like receptor P3 inflammasome controls protective Th1\/Th17 immunity against pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"8","author":"Feriotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2913","article-title":"The adaptor ASC has extracellular and \u201cprionoid\u201d activities that propagate inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Franklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-56","article-title":"Intracellular interactions between APOBEC3G, RNA, and HIV-1 Gag: APOBEC3G multimerization is dependent on its association with RNA","volume":"6","author":"Friew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.10.007","article-title":"Alternative inflammasome activation enables IL-1\u03b2 release from living cells","volume":"44","author":"Gaidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9445-8","article-title":"Plasma eicosanoid profiles determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in stimulated peripheral blood from healthy individuals and sickle cell anemia patients in treatment","volume":"408","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib33","article-title":"Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection","volume":"21","author":"Galv\u00e3o-Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brazil. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib34","first-page":"111","article-title":"SIV latency in macrophages in the CNS","volume":"417","author":"Gama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623313503519","article-title":"HIV treatment and associated mitochondrial pathology","volume":"42","author":"Gardner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107170","article-title":"Inflammasome activation is critical to the protective immune response during chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Gasparoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00389.x","article-title":"Increased PGE2 production mediates the in vitro inhibitory effect of the human immunodeficiency virus P24 immunosuppressive heptapeptide Ch7","volume":"48","author":"Giacomini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013760","article-title":"PP2A1 binding, cell transducing and apoptotic properties of Vpr77\u201392: a new functional domain of HIV-1 Vpr proteins","volume":"5","author":"Godet","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072457","article-title":"Transmission of HIV-1 Gag immune escape mutations is associated with reduced viral load in linked recipients","volume":"205","author":"Goepfert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21716","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.566620","article-title":"HIV-1 Infection Induces Interleukin-1\u03b2 Production via TLR8 protein-dependent and NLRP3 inflammasome mechanisms in human monocytes","volume":"289","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3893","article-title":"Inflammasomes: mechanism of action, role in disease, and therapeutics","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301490","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induces NLRP3-dependent lysosomal damage and inflammasome activation","volume":"191","author":"Heid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37553","article-title":"Anticancer therapy: boosting the bang of Bim","volume":"118","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib44","article-title":"Macrophage signaling in HIV-1 infection","volume":"7","author":"Herbein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033657","article-title":"HIV-1 Vpr triggers mitochondrial destruction by impairing Mfn2-mediated ER-mitochondria interaction","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis105","article-title":"HIV and mitochondria: more than just drug toxicity","volume":"205","author":"Hulgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib47","first-page":"E4571","article-title":"IFI16 senses DNA forms of the lentiviral replication cycle and controls HIV-1 replication","volume":"110","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acade. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-8-25","article-title":"HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr: relevance in the pathogenesis of HIV and potential for therapeutic intervention","volume":"8","author":"Kogan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-82","article-title":"Macrophages and their relevance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I infection","volume":"9","author":"Koppensteiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.169","article-title":"The ClusPro web server for protein\u2013protein docking","volume":"12","author":"Kozakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.102","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 activation under scrutiny","volume":"16","author":"Kugelberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v6041837","article-title":"HIV-1 latency in monocytes\/macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp944","article-title":"GWIDD: genome-wide protein docking database","volume":"38","author":"Kundrotas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.007","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes","volume":"157","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.12.004","article-title":"The inflammasomes: mechanisms of activation and function","volume":"22","author":"Latz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3452","article-title":"Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes","volume":"13","author":"Latz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1086\/340412","article-title":"The replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in macrophages is enhanced after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells","volume":"185","author":"Lima","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.10.017","article-title":"Bcl-2 proteins and mitochondria \u2013 specificity in membrane targeting for death","volume":"1813","author":"Lindsay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.02.007","article-title":"Inflammasome control of viral infection","volume":"12","author":"Lupfer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2174\/157016209787581445","article-title":"HIV-1 mediated immune pathogenesis: spotlight on the role of viral protein R (VPR)","volume":"7","author":"Majumder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling","volume":"229","author":"Mantovani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.3.2208-2212.1998","article-title":"Cytosolic Gag p24 as an index of productive entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"72","author":"Mar\u00e9chal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-13","article-title":"The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940168","article-title":"Signaling by ROS drives inflammasome activation","volume":"40","author":"Martinon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.06.017","article-title":"Mitochondria in apoptosis: Bcl-2 family members and mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"21","author":"Martinou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-259473","article-title":"Inhibition of phagocytosis in HIV-1\u2013infected macrophages relies on Nef-dependent alteration of focal delivery of recycling compartments","volume":"115","author":"Mazzolini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004467","article-title":"CD4 depletion in SIV-infected macaques results in macrophage and microglia infection with rapid turnover of infected cells","volume":"10","author":"Micci","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2016.11.002","article-title":"Lipid profiling of polarized human monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"127","author":"Montenegro-Burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600343","article-title":"The latent reservoir for HIV-1: how immunologic memory and clonal expansion contribute to HIV-1 persistence","volume":"197","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-1-9","article-title":"Early steps of retrovirus replicative cycle","volume":"1","author":"Nisole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib72","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 spinoculation enhances infection through virus binding","volume":"74","author":"O\u2019Doherty","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.1716","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef induces the release of inflammatory factors from human monocyte\/macrophages: involvement of Nef endocytotic signals and NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"170","author":"Olivetta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093699","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef impairs key functional activities in human macrophages through CD36 downregulation","volume":"9","author":"Olivetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.02.095","article-title":"HIV-1 envelope overcomes NLRP3-mediated inhibition of F-actin polymerization for viral entry","volume":"28","author":"Paoletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0038","article-title":"Short communication: apoptosis pathways in HIV-1-infected patients before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy: relevance to immune recovery","volume":"31","author":"Pitrak","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.008","article-title":"Defective HIV-1 proviruses are expressed and can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which shape the proviral landscape","volume":"21","author":"Pollack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.7.3962-3972.2003","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr enhances expression from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA","volume":"77","author":"Poon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.613170","article-title":"Alternative pathways of IL-1 activation, and its role in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Pyrillou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-015-0365-6","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of HIV-1 Gag interacting partners using proximity-dependent biotinylation","volume":"12","author":"le Sage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003812","article-title":"HIV-1 Vpr accelerates viral replication during acute infection by exploitation of proliferating CD4+ T cells in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016311","article-title":"Lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Serhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2009.10.016","article-title":"Crystal structure of the APOBEC3G catalytic domain reveals potential oligomerization interfaces","volume":"18","author":"Shandilya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2009.10.016","article-title":"Crystal structure of the APOBEC3G catalytic domain reveals potential oligomerization interfaces","volume":"18","author":"Shandilya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease","volume":"233","author":"Shapouri\u2010Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59643","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas","volume":"122","author":"Sica","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6807-11-49","article-title":"The host-pathogen interaction of human cyclophilin A and HIV-1 Vpr requires specific N-terminal and novel C-terminal domains","volume":"11","author":"Solbak","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-287193","article-title":"The nerve growth factor reduces APOBEC3G synthesis and enhances HIV-1 transcription and replication in human primary macrophages","volume":"117","author":"Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3105-3111.2000","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces apoptosis through caspase activation","volume":"74","author":"Stewart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.09.014","article-title":"The HADDOCK2.2 web server: user-friendly integrative modeling of biomolecular complexes","volume":"428","author":"van Zundert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209622200","article-title":"Exogenous Nef protein activates NF-\u03baB, AP-1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and stimulates HIV transcription in promonocytic cells","volume":"278","author":"Varin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-596775","article-title":"HIV-1 reprograms the migration of macrophages","volume":"125","author":"V\u00e9rollet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.12.019","article-title":"Molecular biology of Bax and Bak activation and action","volume":"1813","author":"Westphal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.0964","article-title":"T cell apoptosis causes peripheral T cell depletion in mice transgenic for the HIV-1 vpr gene","volume":"285","author":"Yasuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43202","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305414200","article-title":"Cyclophilin A interacts with HIV-1 Vpr and is required for its functional expression","volume":"278","author":"Zander","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55806","article-title":"HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle arrest and enhances viral gene expression by depleting CCDC137","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4A1018-381R","article-title":"HIV infection modulates IL\u20101\u03b2 response to LPS stimulation through a TLR4\u2013NLRP3 pathway in human liver macrophages","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088174","article-title":"TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 recognize venom-associated molecular patterns from tityus serrulatus to induce macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators","volume":"9","author":"Zoccal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10760","article-title":"Opposing roles of LTB4 and PGE2 in regulating the inflammasome-dependent scorpion venom-induced mortality","volume":"7","author":"Zoccal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589022002048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589022002048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:07:05Z","timestamp":1778634425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161589022002048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S0161589022002048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-5890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-5890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"HIV-1 Gag and Vpr impair the inflammasome activation and contribute to the establishment of chronic infection in human primary macrophages","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.04.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}