{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:40:24Z","timestamp":1792172424844,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201704020132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201704020132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T13:16:45Z","timestamp":1659446205000},"page":"29-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fibrosis in frozen shoulder: Activation of IL-6 through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in synovial fibroblast"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alike","family":"Yamuhanmode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maslah","family":"Warsame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congda","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215301","article-title":"Fibroblast activation and inflammation in frozen shoulder","volume":"14","author":"Akbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12183","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900355116","article-title":"Intraarticular injection of relaxin-2 alleviates shoulder arthrofibrosis","volume":"116","author":"Blessing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411103311907","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis","volume":"331","author":"Border","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B5.7559688","article-title":"The pathology of frozen shoulder. A Dupuytren-like disease","volume":"77","author":"Bunker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B5.0820768","article-title":"Expression of growth factors, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in frozen shoulder","volume":"82","author":"Bunker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.11.072","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the development of frozen shoulder: human data and experimental analysis in a rat contracture model","volume":"28","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.11.5.7946384","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is an autocrine growth factor for murine lung fibroblast subsets","volume":"11","author":"Fries","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.89","article-title":"Novel therapeutic strategies targeting fibroblasts and fibrosis in heart disease","volume":"15","author":"Gourdie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Disco"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib9","first-page":"135","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis: the (myo)fibroblastic cell subpopulations involved","volume":"38","author":"Guyot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J. Biochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.12.008","article-title":"Coexistence of fibrotic and chondrogenic process in the capsule of idiopathic frozen shoulders","volume":"20","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B7.19097","article-title":"The pathology of frozen shoulder","volume":"89","author":"Hand","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008060566","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling promotes renal interstitial fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.: JASN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.012","article-title":"The effect of myofibroblasts and corticosteroid injections in adhesive capsulitis","volume":"25","author":"Hettrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070112","article-title":"The myofibroblast: one function, multiple origins","volume":"170","author":"Hinz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189809042997","article-title":"Interleukin 6 and its receptor: ten years later","volume":"16","author":"Hirano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B5.0800907","article-title":"Dupuytren\u2019s disease and frozen shoulder induced by treatment with a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor","volume":"80","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.05.036","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent ROS production mediates synovial myofibroblastic differentiation in the immobilization-induced rat knee joint contracture model","volume":"369","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6042.76966","article-title":"Cytogenetic analysis of the pathology of frozen shoulder","volume":"4","author":"Kabbabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J. Shoulder Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-008-1295-6","article-title":"Inducement of mitogen-activated protein kinases in frozen shoulders","volume":"14","author":"Kanbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302470","article-title":"Blockade of IL-6 Trans signaling attenuates pulmonary fibrosis","author":"Le","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltim., Md.: 1950) 193"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.014","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in the subacromial bursa of frozen shoulder","volume":"22","author":"Lho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0387-0","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in frozen shoulder, and their changes as response to intensive stretching and supervised neglect exercise","volume":"18","author":"Lubis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026238","article-title":"Fibroblast-Specific Genetic Manipulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase In Vivo Reveals Its Central Regulatory Role in Fibrosis","volume":"136","author":"Molkentin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201109000-00004","article-title":"Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder","volume":"19","author":"Neviaser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.01.004","article-title":"Autocrine Loop Involving IL-6 Family Member LIF, LIF Receptor, and STAT4 Drives Sustained Fibroblast Production of Inflammatory Mediators","volume":"46","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev228","article-title":"Unravelling osteoarthritis-related synovial fibrosis: a step closer to solving joint stiffness","volume":"54","author":"Remst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol. (Oxf., Engl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150316","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cytokines and their receptors in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder","volume":"15","author":"Rodeo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.01.002","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in the diabetic frozen shoulder","volume":"15","author":"Ryu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/09114300.2018.1451609","article-title":"Interleukin-6 plays a crucial role in the development of subretinal fibrosis in a mouse model","volume":"41","author":"Sato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2016.05.008","article-title":"The origin of renal fibroblasts\/myofibroblasts and the signals that trigger fibrosis","volume":"92","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0495-x","article-title":"Primary frozen shoulder: brief review of pathology and imaging abnormalities","volume":"19","author":"Tamai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0088OC","article-title":"Syndecan-2 Attenuates Radiation-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Inhibits Fibroblast Activation by Regulating PI3K\/Akt\/ROCK Pathway via CD148","volume":"58","author":"Tsoyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.84","article-title":"Hypoxia-stimulated cardiac fibroblast production of IL-6 promotes myocardial fibrosis via the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab. Investig.\u202f; a J. Tech. Methods Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313392","article-title":"The HLF\/IL-6\/STAT3 feedforward circuit drives hepatic stellate cell activation to promote liver fibrosis","volume":"67","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158093","article-title":"The treatment of fibrosis of joint synovium and frozen shoulder by Smad4 gene silencing in rats","volume":"11","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.03.028","article-title":"Gambogic acid attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways via inhibiting HSP90","volume":"371","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0103OC","article-title":"Synergy between A2B adenosine receptors and hypoxia in activating human lung fibroblasts","volume":"32","author":"Zhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589022003856?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589022003856?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:42:56Z","timestamp":1758980576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161589022003856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0161589022003856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-5890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-5890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fibrosis in frozen shoulder: Activation of IL-6 through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in synovial fibroblast","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}