{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:12:54Z","timestamp":1777788774010,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018529","name":"Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21KJA360009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJA360009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018529","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82174306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82174306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T14:25:32Z","timestamp":1764339932000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Catalpol enhances mTORC1\/HIF-1\u03b1\/PDHK1-mediated oxidative metabolism that leads to promote the differentiation of Treg cells in RA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Qiaoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7403-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.11.009","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis[J]","volume":"55","author":"Alivernini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115886","article-title":"Targeting kinase ITK treats autoimmune arthritis via orchestrating T cell differentiation and function[J]","volume":"169","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3198","article-title":"Regulation and function of mTOR signaling in T cell fate decisions[J]","volume":"12","author":"Chi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.04.003","article-title":"Evolving concepts in NAD+ metabolism[J]","volume":"33","author":"Chini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00115","article-title":"Differential regulation of human treg and Th17 cells by fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis[J]","volume":"10","author":"Cluxton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00115","article-title":"Differential regulation of human treg and Th17 cells by fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis[J]","volume":"10","author":"Cluxton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2022.63.1.56","article-title":"Catalpol inhibits Tregs-to-Th17 cell transdifferentiation by up-regulating Let-7g-5p to reduce STAT3 protein levels[J]","volume":"63","author":"Di","year":"2022","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.164","article-title":"mTORC1 drives HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A signalling via multiple mechanisms involving 4E-BP1, S6K1 and STAT3[J]","volume":"34","author":"Dodd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01636-5","article-title":"A novel mechanism for inhibiting proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes: geniposide suppresses HIF-1alpha accumulation in the hypoxic microenvironment of synovium[J]","volume":"71","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19394","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151119394","article-title":"Catalpol suppresses proliferation and facilitates apoptosis of OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells through upregulating microRNA-200 and downregulating MMP-2 expression[J]","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76012","article-title":"Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation[J]","volume":"125","author":"Gerriets","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2022.03.040","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiratory quiescence: a new model for examining the role of mitochondrial metabolism in development[J]","volume":"138","author":"Hocaoglu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.018","article-title":"Butyrate inhibit collagen-induced arthritis via Treg\/IL-10\/Th17 axis[J]","volume":"68","author":"Hui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102432","article-title":"Comprehensive TCR repertoire analysis of CD4+ Tcell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis[J]","volume":"109","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.02.002","article-title":"HIF-1-mediated expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase: a metabolic switch required for cellular adaptation to hypoxia[J]","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40398","article-title":"Review: transcriptional regulation of CD4+ T cell differentiation in experimentally induced arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis[J]","volume":"70","author":"Kondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.009","article-title":"Mitochondria-translocated PGK1 functions as a protein kinase to coordinate glycolysis and the TCA cycle in tumorigenesis[J]","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.009","article-title":"Mitochondria-translocated PGK1 functions as a protein kinase to coordinate glycolysis and the TCA cycle in tumorigenesis[J]","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib19","first-page":"15043","article-title":"The abnormal expression of CCR4 and CCR6 on Tregs in rheumatoid arthritis[J]","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-016-9530-2","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and cell death in heart failure[J]","volume":"21","author":"Mar\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.08.002","article-title":"The Role of HIF in Immunity and Inflammation[J]","volume":"32","author":"McGettrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1984-x","article-title":"Disturbed Th17\/Treg balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis[J]","volume":"32","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13487","article-title":"Bufalin inhibits ovarian carcinoma via targeting mTOR\/HIF-alpha pathway[J]","volume":"128","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2020","article-title":"Regulation and metabolic functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2[J]","volume":"101","author":"Szwed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01468-7","article-title":"Catalpol ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in CUMS mice via oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome and neuroinflammation[J]","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12838","article-title":"Immunometabolism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis[J]","volume":"294","author":"Weyand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105796","article-title":"Dioscin ameliorates murine ulcerative colitis by regulating macrophage polarization[J]","volume":"172","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04563-0","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: functions, development, regulation, and therapeutic potential[J]","volume":"79","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112428","article-title":"Zishen Tongluo formula ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulation of Th17\/Treg balance[J]","volume":"250","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib30","article-title":"Catalpol ameliorates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation[J]","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.3924","article-title":"2-Methoxyestradiol enhances radiosensitivity in radioresistant melanoma MDA-MB-435R cells by regulating glycolysis via HIF-1alpha\/PDK1 axis[J]","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Molecular Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589025002718?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161589025002718?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:54:26Z","timestamp":1777492466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161589025002718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0161589025002718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-5890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-5890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Catalpol enhances mTORC1\/HIF-1\u03b1\/PDHK1-mediated oxidative metabolism that leads to promote the differentiation of Treg cells in RA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}