{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:07:28Z","timestamp":1790762848224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R198-2015-171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R198-2015-171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R268-2016-3927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R268-2016-3927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4004-00047B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4004-00047B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF15OC0017462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF15OC0017462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF18OC0030274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18OC0030274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011958","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12-124330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-124330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002739","name":"Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUFF-E-2015-FLS-66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUFF-E-2015-FLS-66"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T08:30:39Z","timestamp":1534149039000},"page":"904-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["RNA Polymerase III as a Gatekeeper to Prevent Severe VZV Infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Madalina E.","family":"Carter-Timofte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren R.","family":"Paludan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine H.","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-08","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses","volume":"22","author":"Mogensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00061-14","article-title":"Activation and regulation of DNA-driven immune responses","volume":"79","author":"Paludan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway","volume":"339","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.050","article-title":"PQBP1 is a proximal sensor of the cGAS-dependent innate response to HIV-1","volume":"161","author":"Yoh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14391","article-title":"IFI16 is required for DNA sensing in human macrophages by promoting production and function of cGAMP","volume":"8","author":"Jonsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aah5054","article-title":"STING is an essential mediator of the Ku70-mediated production of IFN-\u03bb1 in response to exogenous DNA","volume":"10","author":"Sui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1779","article-title":"RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate","volume":"10","author":"Ablasser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.015","article-title":"RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway","volume":"138","author":"Chiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744017","article-title":"cGAS is activated by DNA in a length-dependent manner","volume":"18","author":"Luecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.3.361","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus","volume":"9","author":"Arvin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0055","series-title":"Fields Virology","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus","author":"Arvin","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0060","series-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Chickenpox and herpes zoster (varicella-zoster virus)","author":"Whitley","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.16","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus infection","volume":"1","author":"Gershon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042271","article-title":"Decline in mortality due to varicella after implementation of varicella vaccination in the United States","volume":"352","author":"Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1394843","article-title":"Varicella and herpes zoster vaccine development: lessons learned","volume":"16","author":"Warren-Gash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/2051013615599151","article-title":"Herpes zoster epidemiology, management, and disease and economic burden in Europe: a multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1262-8","article-title":"Annual incidence rates of herpes zoster among an immunocompetent population in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-170","article-title":"Similar herpes zoster incidence across Europe: results from a systematic literature review","volume":"13","author":"Pinchinat","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002808","article-title":"Quantification of risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia in herpes zoster patients: a cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Forbes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00857-0","article-title":"What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster?","volume":"4","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3215","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of varicella zoster virus pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Zerboni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040634","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus transfer to skin by T cells and modulation of viral replication by epidermal cell interferon-alpha","volume":"200","author":"Ku","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2937","article-title":"Recognition of herpesviruses by the innate immune system","volume":"11","author":"Paludan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.3.422","article-title":"Early immune response in healthy and immunocompromised subjects with primary varicella-zoster virus infection","volume":"154","author":"Arvin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906293202605","article-title":"Severe herpesvirus infections in an adolescent without natural killer cells","volume":"320","author":"Biron","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.04.015","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus immunity: a primer","volume":"71","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0135","first-page":"341","article-title":"VZV T cell-mediated immunity","volume":"342","author":"Weinberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00787-06","article-title":"Immunity to microbes: lessons from primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"75","author":"Carneiro-Sampaio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002367","article-title":"CD4T cell immunity is critical for the control of simian varicella virus infection in a nonhuman primate model of VZV infection","volume":"7","author":"Haberthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610847104","article-title":"Selective retention of herpes simplex virus-specific T cells in latently infected human trigeminal ganglia","volume":"104","author":"Verjans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.17.1.114-126.1976","article-title":"Viral RNA synthesis and levels of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases during replication of adenovirus 2","volume":"17","author":"Weinmann","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)75286-7","article-title":"Transcription of specific adenovirus genes in isolated nuclei by exogenous RNA polymerases","volume":"252","author":"Jaehning","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9035","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703285104","article-title":"Double-stranded DNA and double-stranded RNA induce a common antiviral signaling pathway in human cells","volume":"104","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28685","article-title":"Lack of immunological DNA sensing in hepatocytes facilitates hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"64","author":"Thomsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23890","article-title":"cGAS senses long and HMGB\/TFAM-bound U-turn DNA by forming protein-DNA ladders","volume":"549","author":"Andreeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002809","article-title":"IFN gamma inhibits the cytosolic replication of Shigella flexneri via the cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I","volume":"8","author":"Jehl","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22883","article-title":"RIG-I is required for VSV-induced cytokine production by murine glia and acts in combination with DAI to initiate responses to HSV-1","volume":"63","author":"Crill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2014.84","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus latent genes","volume":"47","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(10)07004-1","article-title":"Role of EBERs in the pathogenesis of EBV infection","volume":"107","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0005-y","article-title":"Viral unmasking of cellular 5S rRNA pseudogene transcripts induces RIG-I-mediated immunity","volume":"19","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92280","article-title":"Inborn errors in RNA polymerase III underlie severe varicella zoster virus infections","volume":"127","author":"Ogunjimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0210","article-title":"Mutations in RNA polymerase III genes and defective DNA sensing in adults with varicella-zoster virus CNS infection","author":"Carter-Timofte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter-Timofte, M.E. et al. Varicella-zoster virus CNS vasculitis and RNA polymerase III gene mutation in identical twins. Neurol. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. (in press). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/244848","DOI":"10.1101\/244848"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8623","article-title":"Recessive mutations in POLR1C cause a leukodystrophy by impairing biogenesis of RNA polymerase III","volume":"6","author":"Thiffault","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.03.041","article-title":"STING is involved in antiviral immune response against VZV infection via the induction of type I and III IFN pathways","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3806","article-title":"Regulation of antiviral T cell responses by type I interferons","volume":"15","author":"Crouse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.84","article-title":"IFN-alpha production by human mononuclear cells infected with varicella-zoster virus through TLR9-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01097","article-title":"Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"419","author":"Gardner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13348","article-title":"Sensing of HSV-1 by the cGAS-STING pathway in microglia orchestrates antiviral defence in the CNS","volume":"7","author":"Reinert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E24","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6020024","article-title":"Modeling HSV-1 latency in human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons","volume":"6","author":"Pourchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114884","article-title":"A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease","volume":"86","author":"Brooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1086\/316914","article-title":"A novel X-linked disorder of immune deficiency and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is allelic to incontinentia pigmenti and due to mutations in IKK-gamma (NEMO)","volume":"67","author":"Zonana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097","article-title":"Impaired response to interferon-alpha\/beta and lethal viral disease in human STAT1 deficiency","volume":"33","author":"Dupuis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140280","article-title":"Human TYK2 deficiency: mycobacterial and viral infections without hyper-IgE syndrome","volume":"212","author":"Kreins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2015.46","article-title":"Mutations in the TLR3 signaling pathway and beyond in adult patients with herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"16","author":"Mork","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac4227","article-title":"Human IFNAR2 deficiency: lessons for antiviral immunity","volume":"7","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220098110","article-title":"STAT2 deficiency and susceptibility to viral illness in humans","volume":"110","author":"Hambleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-374363","article-title":"Loss-of-function germline GATA2 mutations in patients with MDS\/AML or MonoMAC syndrome and primary lymphedema reveal a key role for GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature","volume":"119","author":"Kazenwadel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61014","article-title":"Partial MCM4 deficiency in patients with growth retardation, adrenal insufficiency, and natural killer cell deficiency","volume":"122","author":"Gineau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(99)00077-6","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes and recurrent mycobacterial infections in a child with complete interferon-gamma-receptor (IFNgammaR1) deficiency: mutational analysis and evaluation of therapeutic options","volume":"27","author":"Roesler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70064-8","article-title":"Viral infections in interferon-gamma receptor deficiency","volume":"135","author":"Dorman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905506","article-title":"Combined immunodeficiency associated with DOCK8 mutations","volume":"361","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1413462","article-title":"Inherited DOCK2 deficiency in patients with early-onset invasive infections","volume":"372","author":"Dobbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-31","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus infections in immunocompromised patients \u2013 a single centre 6-years analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wiegering","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/224234a0","article-title":"Multiple forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in eukaryotic organisms","volume":"224","author":"Roeder","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.10.1315","article-title":"Three human RNA polymerase III-specific subunits form a subcomplex with a selective function in specific transcription initiation","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1801","article-title":"Human RNA polymerase III transcriptomes and relationships to Pol II promoter chromatin and enhancer-binding factors","volume":"17","author":"Oler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2007.09.001","article-title":"The expanding RNA polymerase III transcriptome","volume":"23","author":"Dieci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2012.09.010","article-title":"Identification of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes in eukaryotic genomes","volume":"1829","author":"Dieci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.01.023","article-title":"Conservation between the RNA polymerase I, II, and III transcription initiation machineries","volume":"45","author":"Vannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2012.09.009","article-title":"A structural perspective on RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III transcription machineries","volume":"1829","author":"Vannini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16143","article-title":"Molecular structures of unbound and transcribing RNA polymerase III","volume":"528","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6841","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.12.6841","article-title":"TFIIIC1 acts through a downstream region to stabilize TFIIIC2 binding to RNA polymerase III promoters","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.4732","article-title":"The RNA polymerase III transcription apparatus","volume":"310","author":"Geiduschek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8044","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.22.8044-8055.2002","article-title":"Characterization of human RNA polymerase III identifies orthologues for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III subunits","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2007.07.016","article-title":"Structural biology of RNA polymerase III: mass spectrometry elucidates subcomplex architecture","volume":"15","author":"Lorenzen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13732","article-title":"Transcribing RNA polymerase III observed by electron cryomicroscopy","volume":"283","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.02.016","article-title":"Insights into transcription initiation and termination from the electron microscopy structure of yeast RNA polymerase III","volume":"25","author":"Fernandez-Tornero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.07.014","article-title":"Mutations of POLR3A encoding a catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase Pol III cause a recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy","volume":"89","author":"Bernard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.10.003","article-title":"Mutations in POLR3A and POLR3B encoding RNA polymerase III subunits cause an autosomal-recessive hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathy","volume":"89","author":"Saitsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2012-101357","article-title":"Mutations in POLR3A and POLR3B are a major cause of hypomyelinating leukodystrophies with or without dental abnormalities and\/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"50","author":"Daoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020221","article-title":"Tissue-specific differences in human transfer RNA expression","volume":"2","author":"Dittmar","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."}],"container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491418301485?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491418301485?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T07:15:59Z","timestamp":1761462959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471491418301485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471491418301485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4914","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"RNA Polymerase III as a Gatekeeper to Prevent Severe VZV Infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Molecular Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}