{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:09:26Z","timestamp":1785434966710,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002808","name":"Carlsbergfondet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R344-2020-749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R344-2020-749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T22:36:08Z","timestamp":1668551768000},"page":"61-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["How hypocretin agonists may improve the quality of wake in narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Justinussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Egebjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2515-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgitte R.","family":"Kornum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0005","article-title":"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10130337, Solriamfetol","author":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","year":"2022","journal-title":"PubChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0010","article-title":"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9948102, Pitolisant","author":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","year":"2022","journal-title":"PubChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207531119","article-title":"Orexin 2 receptor\u2013selective agonist danavorexton improves narcolepsy phenotype in a mouse model and in human patients","volume":"119","author":"Evans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0020","series-title":"The Voice of the Patient: Narcolepsy","author":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6494","article-title":"Listening to the patient voice in narcolepsy: diagnostic delay, disease burden, and treatment efficacy","volume":"13","author":"Maski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80949-6","article-title":"Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior","volume":"92","author":"Sakurai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12324","article-title":"Orexin\/hypocretin receptor signalling cascades","volume":"171","author":"Kukkonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.322","article-title":"The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity","volume":"95","author":"de Lecea","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.048025","article-title":"Distinct recognition of OX1 and OX2 receptors by orexin peptides","volume":"305","author":"Ammoun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9996","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09996.1998","article-title":"Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems","volume":"18","author":"Peyron","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.748","article-title":"Orexins, orexigenic hypothalamic peptides, interact with autonomic, neuroendocrine and neuroregulatory systems","volume":"96","author":"Date","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01336-0","article-title":"Distribution of orexin neurons in the adult rat brain","volume":"827","author":"Nambu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.107993","article-title":"The hypocretin (orexin) system: from a neural circuitry perspective","volume":"167","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000514963","article-title":"Hypocretin\/orexin receptor pharmacology and sleep phases","volume":"45","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.12.002","article-title":"Challenges in the development of therapeutics for narcolepsy","volume":"152","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00330-1","article-title":"Distinct narcolepsy syndromes in orexin receptor-2 and orexin null mice: molecular genetic dissection of non-REM and REM sleep regulatory processes","volume":"38","author":"Willie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00324","article-title":"Comprehensive behavioral analysis of male Ox1r\u2212\/\u2212 mice showed implication of orexin receptor-1 in mood, anxiety, and social behavior","volume":"9","author":"Abbas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033525","article-title":"Executive control of attention in narcolepsy","volume":"7","author":"Bayard","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.07.025","article-title":"Subjective deficits of attention, cognition and depression in patients with narcolepsy","volume":"16","author":"Zamarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0100","first-page":"187","article-title":"Focusing on vigilance instead of sleepiness in the assessment of narcolepsy: high sensitivity of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART)","volume":"29","author":"Fronczek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10262","article-title":"High rates of psychiatric comorbidity in narcolepsy","volume":"78","author":"Ruoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129386","article-title":"Car crashes and central disorders of hypersomnolence: a French study","volume":"10","author":"Pizza","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7842","article-title":"The risk of hospitalization for motor vehicle accident injury in narcolepsy and the benefits of stimulant use: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"15","author":"Tzeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.08.008","article-title":"Neuropharmacology of attention","volume":"835","author":"Burk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.009","article-title":"Dual-transmitter systems regulating arousal, attention, learning and memory","volume":"85","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4139-z","article-title":"Orexin A-induced enhancement of attentional processing in rats: role of basal forebrain neurons","volume":"233","author":"Zajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.09.050","article-title":"Stimulation of cortical acetylcholine release by orexin A","volume":"130","author":"Fadel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00927.2005","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex\u2013projecting glutamatergic thalamic paraventricular nucleus-excited by hypocretin: a feedforward circuit that may enhance cognitive arousal","volume":"95","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm088","article-title":"Schizophrenia, hypocretin (orexin), and the thalamocortical activating system","volume":"33","author":"Lambe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00362","article-title":"Effects of intranasal orexin-A (hypocretin-1) administration on neuronal activation, neurochemistry, and attention in aged rats","volume":"11","author":"Calva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1596-2","article-title":"Systemic and intrabasalis administration of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867, disrupts attentional performance in rats","volume":"206","author":"Boschen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.04.017","article-title":"The orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 reduces motivation, but not inhibitory control, in a rat stop signal task","volume":"1731","author":"Wiskerke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33004-1","article-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"395","author":"Posner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70225-4","article-title":"Pitolisant versus placebo or modafinil in patients with narcolepsy: a double-blind, randomised trial","volume":"12","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00072","article-title":"Histamine H3 receptor antagonists\/inverse agonists on cognitive and motor processes: relevance to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, ADHD, schizophrenia, and drug abuse","volume":"6","author":"Vohora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.111039","article-title":"BF2.649 [1-{3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl}piperidine, hydrochloride], a nonimidazole inverse agonist\/antagonist at the human histamine H3 receptor: preclinical pharmacology","volume":"320","author":"Ligneau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000343","article-title":"Histamine H3 receptor antagonists ameliorate attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder-like behavioral changes caused by neonatal habenula lesion","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1714435","article-title":"Pitolisant for treating patients with narcolepsy","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01890-8","article-title":"Comorbid psychiatric disorders among patients with narcolepsy","volume":"24","author":"Alasim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.08.007","article-title":"Anxiety and mood disorders in narcolepsy: a case-control study","volume":"32","author":"Fortuyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.01.001","article-title":"Low cerebrospinal fluid and plasma orexin-A (hypocretin-1) concentrations in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"35","author":"Strawn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2075","article-title":"A key role for orexin in panic anxiety","volume":"16","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0127-0","article-title":"Orexin prevents depressive-like behavior by promoting stress resilience","volume":"24","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.02.038","article-title":"Orexin 2 receptor regulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) response to acute and repeated stress","volume":"348","author":"Grafe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280158","article-title":"Orexin neurons and inhibitory Agrp\u2192orexin circuits guide spatial exploration in mice","volume":"598","author":"Garau","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0198-x","article-title":"Parallel circuits from the bed nuclei of stria terminalis to the lateral hypothalamus drive opposing emotional states","volume":"21","author":"Giardino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11395","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11395","article-title":"Awake dynamics and brain-wide direct inputs of hypothalamic MCH and orexin networks","volume":"7","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.10.005","article-title":"Optogenetic examination identifies a context-specific role for orexins\/hypocretins in anxiety-related behavior","volume":"130","author":"Heydendael","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.10.016","article-title":"Intensity of anxiety is modified via complex integrative stress circuitries","volume":"63","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.09.016","article-title":"Orexin 2 receptor stimulation enhances resilience, while orexin 2 inhibition promotes susceptibility, to social stress, anxiety and depression","volume":"143","author":"Staton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.036","article-title":"Orexin\/hypocretin receptor modulation of anxiolytic and antidepressive responses during social stress and decision-making: potential for therapy","volume":"1731","author":"Summers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2020.102019","article-title":"Involvement of orexin-A in the regulation of neuronal activity and emotional behaviors in central amygdala in rats","volume":"80","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109168","article-title":"Contextual generalization of social stress learning is modulated by orexin receptors in basolateral amygdala","volume":"215","author":"Yaeger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500600637056","article-title":"Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors: a new generation of treatment for anxiety disorders","volume":"10","author":"Baldwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.2\/bbandelow","article-title":"Treatment of anxiety disorders","volume":"19","author":"Bandelow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9453","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09453.2002","article-title":"Hypocretins (orexins) regulate serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus by excitatory direct and inhibitory indirect actions","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202002-136OC","article-title":"Effects of solriamfetol on quality-of-life measures from a 12-week phase 3 randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Weaver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2019.1632705","article-title":"Solriamfetol for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301534","article-title":"Modafinil: a review of neurochemical actions and effects on cognition","volume":"33","author":"Minzenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2019.100191","article-title":"Neurobiological links between stress and anxiety","volume":"11","author":"Daviu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.12.007","article-title":"Increased anxiety but normal fear and safety learning in orexin-deficient mice","volume":"320","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2108079118","article-title":"GHB analogs confer neuroprotection through specific interaction with the CaMKII\u03b1 hub domain","volume":"118","author":"Leurs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S103467","article-title":"New developments in the management of narcolepsy","volume":"9","author":"Abad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2021.1969361","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic targets for narcolepsy","volume":"25","author":"Vringer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4810","article-title":"Comparing treatment effect measurements in narcolepsy: the Sustained Attention to Response Task, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test","volume":"38","author":"van der Heide","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A245","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz067.613","article-title":"0615 Pitolisant in combination with other medications for the management of narcolepsy","volume":"42","author":"Doghramji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac052","article-title":"Intermediate hypocretin-1 cerebrospinal fluid levels and typical cataplexy: their significance in the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1","volume":"45","author":"van der Hoeven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa055","article-title":"Narcolepsy type 1: what have we learned from immunology?","volume":"43","author":"Kornum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.05.010","article-title":"The clinical features of cataplexy: a questionnaire study in narcolepsy patients with and without hypocretin-1 deficiency","volume":"12","author":"Overeem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.100","article-title":"Narcolepsy","volume":"3","author":"Kornum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0226-9","article-title":"Narcolepsy - clinical spectrum, aetiopathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.08.033","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness","volume":"96","author":"Gandhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.09.001","article-title":"Update on the pharmacologic management of narcolepsy: mechanisms of action and clinical implications","volume":"68","author":"Thorpy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202526109","article-title":"Mechanism for hypocretin-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions","volume":"109","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13387","article-title":"European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children","volume":"30","author":"Bassetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0380","series-title":"Modafinil","author":"EMA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.01.007","article-title":"Modafinil reduces amphetamine preference and prevents anxiety-like symptoms during drug withdrawal in young rats: involvement of dopaminergic targets in VTA and striatum","volume":"92","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244990","article-title":"The stimulant effect of modafinil on wakefulness is not associated with an increase in anxiety in mice","volume":"114","author":"Simon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2994","article-title":"Modafinil decreases anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.615854","article-title":"The interaction between the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus and the tuberomammillary nucleus in regulating the sleep-wakefulness cycle","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23968","article-title":"Greatly increased numbers of histamine cells in human narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"74","author":"John","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24019","article-title":"Increase of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons in narcolepsy","volume":"74","author":"Valko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.10.003","article-title":"The histamine H3 receptor as a novel therapeutic target for cognitive and sleep disorders","volume":"25","author":"Passani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.12.063","article-title":"The histamine H3-receptor inverse agonist pitolisant improves fear memory in mice","volume":"243","author":"Brabant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.861094","article-title":"Revisiting preclinical observations of several histamine H3 receptor antagonists\/inverse agonists in cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and sleep-wake cycle disorder","volume":"13","author":"Alhusaini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0435","series-title":"STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales","first-page":"209","article-title":"Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)","author":"Shahid","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0440","series-title":"STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales","first-page":"369","article-title":"Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS)","author":"Shahid","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0822","article-title":"Multiple Sleep Latency Test and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test","volume":"134","author":"Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.1.113","article-title":"Practice parameters for clinical use of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test","volume":"28","author":"Littner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0455","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","first-page":"393","article-title":"The Multiple Sleep Latency Test","author":"Arand","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00180","article-title":"Validation of the Clinical Global Impression\u2013Corrections Scale (CGI-C) by equipercentile linking to the BPRS-E","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0465","first-page":"28","article-title":"The Clinical Global Impressions Scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0470","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meaningful change: defining the interpretability of changes in endpoints derived from interactive and mHealth technologies in healthcare and clinical research","volume":"7","author":"Byrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13141","article-title":"Use of the single-item Patient Global Impression-Severity scale as a self-reported assessment of insomnia severity","volume":"30","author":"Snyder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."}],"container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491422002738?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491422002738?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T07:26:26Z","timestamp":1761463586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471491422002738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471491422002738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4914","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How hypocretin agonists may improve the quality of wake in narcolepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Molecular Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}