{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:38:59Z","timestamp":1791617939638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101095470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:18:06Z","timestamp":1774271886000},"page":"778-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Advances in blood-based biomarkers of gut barrier integrity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sterre H.T.","family":"Wouda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sem","family":"Geertsema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"van Goor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaas Nico","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arno R.","family":"Bourgonje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081909","article-title":"The intestinal barrier and current techniques for the assessment of gut permeability","volume":"9","author":"Schoultz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.08.033","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction: from bench to bedside","volume":"168","author":"Grover","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.001","article-title":"Intestinal permeability defects: is it time to treat?","volume":"11","author":"Odenwald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.898326","article-title":"Surface area of the digestive tract\u2014revisited","volume":"49","author":"Helander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100219","article-title":"Diet, food, and nutritional exposures and inflammatory bowel disease or progression of disease: an umbrella review","volume":"15","author":"Christensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.169","article-title":"The intestinal epithelial barrier: a therapeutic target?","volume":"14","author":"Odenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-017-0813-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Nishida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i5.1165","article-title":"Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Antoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318427","article-title":"Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans","volume":"68","author":"Camilleri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20510.1","article-title":"All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"9","author":"Fasano","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0055","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal wound healing and barrier integrity in IBD\u2014crosstalk and trafficking of cellular players","volume":"8","author":"Sommer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1361126","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in human cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063372","article-title":"Gut microbiome-related anti-inflammatory effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation on inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"25","author":"Moutusy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01921.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.008","article-title":"A novel role of SLC26A3 in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity","volume":"160","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/628157","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, and therapy of leaky gut","volume":"2015","author":"Michielan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.10.014","article-title":"Intestinal barrier healing is superior to endoscopic and histologic remission for predicting major adverse outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: the prospective ERIca trial","volume":"164","author":"Rath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111405","article-title":"Biomarkers of intestinal permeability in major psychiatric disorders: distinct biological roles call for a more nuanced application","volume":"139","author":"Ioannou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1227","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00612.2020","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease","volume":"319","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G11","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00113.2021","article-title":"Biomarkers for assessment of intestinal permeability in clinical practice","volume":"321","author":"Seethaler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134516","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathological highlight to management","volume":"712","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303857","article-title":"Impaired duodenal mucosal integrity and low-grade inflammation in functional dyspepsia","volume":"63","author":"Vanheel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.616020","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells in food tolerance and allergy","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.046","article-title":"Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.48","article-title":"Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome females have normal colonic barrier and secretory function","volume":"112","author":"Peters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G919","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00168.2011","article-title":"Urine sugars for in vivo gut permeability: validation and comparisons in irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea and controls","volume":"301","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0135","first-page":"512","article-title":"Lactulose\u2013mannitol intestinal permeability test: a useful screening test for adult coeliac disease","volume":"37","author":"Johnston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211973","article-title":"Assessing intestinal permeability in Crohn\u2019s disease patients using orally administered 52Cr-EDTA","volume":"14","author":"von Martels","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa501","article-title":"Corrigendum to: gut epithelial impairment, microbial translocation and immune system activation in inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthritis","volume":"60","author":"Luchetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.1765","article-title":"Intestinal permeability biomarkers in patients with schizophrenia: additional support for the impact of lifestyle habits","volume":"67","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Blanco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1294689","article-title":"Increased IgA-mediated responses to the gut paracellular pathway and blood\u2013brain barrier proteins predict delirium due to hip fracture in older adults","volume":"15","author":"Thisayakorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02298-6","article-title":"Gut barrier protein levels in serial blood samples from critically ill trauma patients during and after intensive care unit stay","volume":"49","author":"Donmez-Altuntas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09520-y","article-title":"Severity of atopic dermatitis is associated with gut-derived metabolites and leaky gut-related biomarkers","volume":"15","author":"Blicharz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175121","article-title":"Intestinal permeability and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Iordache","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002681","article-title":"Intestinal barrier biomarkers in clinical evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Mogilevski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314759","article-title":"Increased human intestinal barrier permeability plasma biomarkers zonulin and FABP2 correlated with plasma LPS and altered gut microbiome in anxiety or depression","volume":"67","author":"Stevens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180087","article-title":"Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure","volume":"132","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7548","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087548","article-title":"Zonulin as a potential therapeutic target in microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis disorders: encouraging results and emerging questions","volume":"24","author":"Veres-Sz\u00e9kely","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16099","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103566","article-title":"IL-21 mediates microRNA-423-5p\/claudin-5 signal pathway and intestinal barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0123-z","article-title":"Claudin-5: gatekeeper of neurological function","volume":"16","author":"Greene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248415581176","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction: a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory response in acute stanford type A aortic dissection","volume":"21","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520615666150812125955","article-title":"Evaluating intestinal permeability by measuring plasma endotoxin and diamine oxidase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high-dose methotrexate","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz039","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction, LPS translocation, and disease development","volume":"4","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","article-title":"LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway","volume":"42","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.05.018","article-title":"Intestinal permeability biomarker zonulin is elevated in healthy aging","volume":"18","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519050110040701","article-title":"Modulatory effects of sCD14 and LBP on LPS-host cell interactions","volume":"11","author":"Kitchens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab104","article-title":"Comparing ELISA and LC-MS-MS: a simple, targeted postmortem blood screen","volume":"46","author":"Swanson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RU0316-151R","article-title":"Endotoxemia\u2014menace, marker, or mistake?","volume":"100","author":"Munford","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.017","article-title":"Gut\u2013liver axis: pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Tilg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2886268","article-title":"Noninvasive biomarkers of gut barrier function in patients suffering from diarrhea-predominant IBS: an update","volume":"2020","author":"Linsalata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0630","article-title":"Serum zonulin and endotoxin levels in exceptional longevity versus precocious myocardial infarction","volume":"9","author":"Carrera-Bastos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0441-4","article-title":"Gut-dependent microbial translocation induces inflammation and cardiovascular events after ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.058","article-title":"Biomarkers of intestinal permeability and blood\u2013brain barrier permeability in adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010072","article-title":"Role of increasing body mass index in gut barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation in obesity","volume":"17","author":"Maqoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19034-6","article-title":"Gut permeability may be associated with periprosthetic joint infection after total hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"12","author":"Chisari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1253121","article-title":"Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation are associated with fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for disease-related biomarker discovery","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3011","article-title":"Association between gut permeability, brain volume, and cognition in healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Scheurink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac191","article-title":"Elevated systemic levels of markers reflecting intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammasome activation are correlated in severe mental illness","volume":"49","author":"Jensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.02.002","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein expression is increased by stress and inhibits monoamine synthesis to promote depressive symptoms","volume":"56","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531221108849","article-title":"Altered intestinal permeability biomarkers in schizophrenia: a possible link with subclinical inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Gokulakrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002811","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in Crohn\u2019s disease patients: a promising noninvasive biomarker monitoring disease activity","volume":"36","author":"Toris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70119","article-title":"Surrogate markers of intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and gut\u2013vascular barrier damage across stages of cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Haedge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.04.004","article-title":"Increased serum zonulin levels as an intestinal permeability marker in autistic subjects","volume":"188","author":"Esnafoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.10.006","article-title":"Increased zonulin is associated with hyperactivity and social dysfunctions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"87","author":"\u00d6zyurt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.07.006","article-title":"Elevated zonulin, a measure of tight-junction permeability, may be implicated in schizophrenia","volume":"211","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S424756","article-title":"Serum zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 levels in patients with insomnia disorder: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0335","first-page":"211","article-title":"Serum zonulin and claudin-5 but not interferon-gamma and interleukin-17A levels increased in children with specific learning disorder: a case\u2013control study","volume":"33","author":"Tan\u0131r","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.117","article-title":"Serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"266","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1784-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota, dietary intakes and intestinal permeability reflected by serum zonulin in women","volume":"57","author":"M\u00f6rkl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.015","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability, measured by serum zonulin, is associated with metabolic risk markers in overweight pregnant women","volume":"69","author":"Mokkala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01936","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota on cardio-metabolic parameters and immunity in coronary artery disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Sanchez-Alcoholado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12696","article-title":"Evaluation of circulating zonulin as a potential marker in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"125","author":"Hendy","year":"2017","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.18.05787-7","article-title":"Serum zonulin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study","volume":"110","author":"Caviglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-022-05552-w","article-title":"Blood serum zonulin in colorectal cancer, autoimmune bowel diseases, and irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Kushlinskii","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319281","article-title":"Serum zonulin and its diagnostic performance in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity","volume":"69","author":"Barbaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194577","article-title":"Biochemical modulators of tight junctions: occludin, claudin-2 and zonulin as biomarkers of intestinal barrier leakage in the diagnosis and assessment of inflammatory bowel disease progression","volume":"29","author":"G\u00f3recka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004752","article-title":"Biomarkers reflecting disturbed gut barrier under treatment with TNF inhibitors in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Rademacher","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.03.015","article-title":"Lactate and intestinal fatty acid binding protein as essential biomarkers in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: ultrasonographic and surgical considerations","volume":"61","author":"El-Abd Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121336","article-title":"Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as a diagnostic marker for complicated and uncomplicated necrotizing enterocolitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Schurink","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02818-6","article-title":"Serum HMGB1 level is correlated with serum I-FABP level in neonatal patients with necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"21","author":"Huo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98012-w","article-title":"Accuracy of citrulline, I-FABP and D-lactate in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia","volume":"11","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934874","article-title":"Serological markers of intestinal barrier impairment do not correlate with duration of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin in adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"71","author":"Hoffmanov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/150475","article-title":"Citrulline and long-term mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"31","author":"Konieczny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12978","article-title":"Leaky gut biomarkers in depression and suicidal behavior","volume":"139","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2022030378","article-title":"Inflammation in children with CKD linked to gut dysbiosis and metabolite imbalance","volume":"33","author":"Holle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08387-7","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier and gut barrier dysfunction in chronic kidney disease with a focus on circulating biomarkers and tight junction proteins","volume":"12","author":"Hernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2025-0180","article-title":"Serum biomarkers in the early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Pimenta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.01.006","article-title":"Demonstration of gut-barrier dysfunction in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"12","author":"Kaushal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"361","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04273-4","article-title":"Serum biomarkers of intestinal barrier dysfunction predict postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease patients","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00358-2","article-title":"Management of inflammatory bowel diseases in older adults","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae064","article-title":"Exploring the predictive value of gut microbiome signatures for therapy intensification in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"30","author":"Al Radi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194220","article-title":"Predictive potential of biomarkers of intestinal barrier function for therapeutic management with teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome","volume":"15","author":"B\u00fcttner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz765","article-title":"Immune biomarkers in the prediction of future myocardial infarctions in people with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"70","author":"Trevillyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.11.006","article-title":"Preclinical protein signatures of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis: a nested case\u2013control study within large population-based cohorts","volume":"168","author":"Gr\u00e4nn\u00f6","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57879-3","article-title":"Associations of 2923 plasma proteins with incident inflammatory bowel disease in a prospective cohort study and genetic analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.06.026","article-title":"Mild Crohn\u2019s disease is associated with altered sphingolipid metabolism and reduced neutrophilic inflammation","volume":"169","author":"Bourgonje","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad052","article-title":"Multiomics-empowered deep phenotyping of ulcerative colitis identifies biomarker signatures reporting functional remission states","volume":"17","author":"Janker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03280-4","article-title":"Noninvasive, microbiome-based diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0500","article-title":"Plasma markers of disrupted gut permeability in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Giron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000579","article-title":"Clinical value of multiomics-based biomarker signatures in inflammatory bowel diseases: challenges and opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Bourgonje","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491426000067?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491426000067?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:08:13Z","timestamp":1786547293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471491426000067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471491426000067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4914","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advances in blood-based biomarkers of gut barrier integrity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Molecular Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}