{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1789390992460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T04:24:37Z","timestamp":1784348677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endosomal signaling disorders: a new category for immune dysregulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qintao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00460-7","article-title":"Endosomal traffic disorders: a driving force behind neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012836","article-title":"The rapidly evolving view of lysosomal storage diseases","volume":"13","author":"Parenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181621","article-title":"Severe influenza pneumonitis in children with inherited TLR3 deficiency","volume":"216","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139522","article-title":"TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"317","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000999","article-title":"TLR3 deficiency in herpes simplex encephalitis: high allelic heterogeneity and recurrence risk","volume":"83","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00933-0","article-title":"IFN-\u03b12a therapy in two patients with inborn errors of TLR3 and IRF3 infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"41","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101568","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in a patient with complete TLR3 deficiency: TLR3 is otherwise redundant in protective immunity","volume":"208","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00834-2","article-title":"Heterozygous TLR3 mutation in patients with hantavirus encephalitis","volume":"40","author":"Partanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl4348","article-title":"X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Asano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1268035","article-title":"Novel TLR7 hemizygous variant in post-COVID-19 neurological deterioration: a case report with literature review","volume":"14","author":"Noor Eddin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01151-y","article-title":"X-linked TLR7 deficiency underlies critical COVID-19 pneumonia in a male patient with ataxia-telangiectasia","volume":"42","author":"Abolhassani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13719","article-title":"Presence of genetic variants among young men with severe COVID-19","volume":"324","author":"van der Made","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.01.011","article-title":"Somatic gain-of-function mutation in TLR7 causes early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"84","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01824-4","article-title":"Refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia in an infant with a de novo TLR7 gain-of-function variant","volume":"45","author":"Menon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01660-6","article-title":"Interface gain-of-function mutations in TLR7 cause systemic and neuro-inflammatory disease","volume":"44","author":"David","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0080","article-title":"A de novo TLR7 gain-of-function mutation causing severe monogenic lupus in an infant","volume":"134","author":"Spegarova","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04642-z","article-title":"TLR7 gain-of-function genetic variation causes human lupus","volume":"605","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009620","article-title":"Immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure with mosaic and germline TLR8 gain of function","volume":"137","author":"Aluri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26452","article-title":"TLR8\/TLR7 dysregulation due to a novel TLR8 mutation causes severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoinflammation in identical twins","volume":"97","author":"Fejtkova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50066-w","article-title":"Erythroid-intrinsic activation of TLR8 impairs erythropoiesis in inherited anemia","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.08.030","article-title":"Biallelic TLR4 deficiency in humans","volume":"151","author":"Capitani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128346","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in human UNC-93B deficiency","volume":"314","author":"Casrouge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adi9769","article-title":"UNC93B1 variants underlie TLR7-dependent autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Wolf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20232005","article-title":"Large-scale mutational analysis identifies UNC93B1 variants that drive TLR-mediated autoimmunity in mice and humans","volume":"221","author":"Rael","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01846-5","article-title":"Genetic variants in UNC93B1 predispose to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Al-Azab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20232066","article-title":"Gain-of-function human UNC93B1 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and chilblain lupus","volume":"221","author":"David","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0135","article-title":"Immune dysregulation caused by novel gain-of-function UNC93B1 variant with enhanced antigen presentation","volume":"102187","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adi9575","article-title":"Disrupted degradative sorting of TLR7 is associated with human lupus","volume":"9","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09513-x","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in PLD4 lead to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"647","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.001","article-title":"Immune dysregulation","volume":"151","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01352-z","article-title":"The 2022 update of IUIS phenotypical classification for human inborn errors of immunity","volume":"42","author":"Bousfiha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00633-9","article-title":"The type I interferonopathies: 10 years on","volume":"22","author":"Crow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.03.008","article-title":"Inflammasomopathies: mechanisms and disease signatures","volume":"46","author":"Cahill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01817-w","article-title":"Biallelic human SHARPIN loss of function induces autoinflammation and immunodeficiency","volume":"25","author":"Oda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00746-8","article-title":"Assembly and fission of tubular carriers mediating protein sorting in endosomes","volume":"25","author":"Gopaldass","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17615","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906541106","article-title":"Endosomes: a legitimate platform for the signaling train","volume":"106","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq0660","article-title":"Endosomes serve as signaling platforms for RIG-I ubiquitination and activation","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13133","article-title":"Endosomes are specialized platforms for bacterial sensing and NOD2 signalling","volume":"509","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.041","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and the control of immunity","volume":"180","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34418","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300573200","article-title":"A beta-arrestin-dependent scaffold is associated with prolonged MAPK activation in pseudopodia during protease-activated receptor-2-induced chemotaxis","volume":"278","author":"Ge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25404","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.022392","article-title":"An oligomeric signaling platform formed by the toll-like receptor signal transducers MyD88 and IRAK-4","volume":"284","author":"Motshwene","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0179-y","article-title":"PLD3 and PLD4 are single-stranded acid exonucleases that regulate endosomal nucleic-acid sensing","volume":"19","author":"Gavin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1589","article-title":"Endosomal GPCR signaling turned off by negative feedback actions of PKA and v-ATPase","volume":"10","author":"Gidon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.003","article-title":"TLR7 structure: cut in Z-loop","volume":"45","author":"Maeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12749","article-title":"Toward a structural understanding of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors in the innate immune system","volume":"591","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139111","article-title":"Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with antiendotoxic lipid IVa","volume":"316","author":"Ohto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.002","article-title":"Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran","volume":"130","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.019","article-title":"A promiscuous lipid-binding protein diversifies the subcellular sites of toll-like receptor signal transduction","volume":"156","author":"Bonham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34602-0","article-title":"TLR3 forms a highly organized cluster when bound to a poly(I:C) RNA ligand","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.011","article-title":"Structural analysis reveals that toll-like receptor 7 is a dual receptor for guanosine and single-stranded RNA","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.04.010","article-title":"Lysosomal endonuclease RNase T2 and PLD exonucleases cooperatively generate RNA ligands for TLR7 activation","volume":"57","author":"B\u00e9routi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2943","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 8 senses degradation products of single-stranded RNA","volume":"22","author":"Tanji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R35","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaf066","article-title":"Recent insights into the role of innate immunity in lupus","volume":"34","author":"Robinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0270","first-page":"3651","article-title":"TLR8 deficiency leads to autoimmunity in mice","volume":"120","author":"Demaria","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.013","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 contains two DNA binding sites that function cooperatively to promote receptor dimerization and activation","volume":"48","author":"Ohto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.10.009","article-title":"Transmembrane mutations in toll-like receptor 9 bypass the requirement for ectodomain proteolysis and induce fatal inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Mouchess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911579117","article-title":"Dysregulation of TLR9 in neonates leads to fatal inflammatory disease driven by IFN-\u03b3","volume":"117","author":"Stanbery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902592","article-title":"TLR9 regulates TLR7- and MyD88-dependent autoantibody production and disease in a murine model of lupus","volume":"184","author":"Nickerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.07.013","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus","volume":"25","author":"Christensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1297","article-title":"The Unc93b1 mutation 3d disrupts exogenous antigen presentation and signaling via Toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 9","volume":"7","author":"Tabeta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-00542-w","article-title":"Cryo-EM structures of Toll-like receptors in complex with UNC93B1","volume":"28","author":"Ishida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.010","article-title":"Unc93B1 restricts systemic lethal inflammation by orchestrating toll-like receptor 7, and 9 trafficking","volume":"35","author":"Fukui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1612-6","article-title":"UNC93B1 recruits syntenin-1 to dampen TLR7 signalling and prevent autoimmunity","volume":"575","author":"Majer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26150-w","article-title":"Cleavage of DNA and RNA by PLD3 and PLD4 limits autoinflammatory triggering by multiple sensors","volume":"12","author":"Gavin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","article-title":"The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Decout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01098-9","article-title":"STING signalling is terminated through ESCRT-dependent microautophagy of vesicles originating from recycling endosomes","volume":"25","author":"Kuchitsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606413","article-title":"IFN\u03bb is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFN\u03b1 treatment","volume":"8","author":"Davidson","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2025.09.004","article-title":"A novel pathogenic mutation of DDX58 causes Singleton-Merten syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fundam. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1298928","article-title":"Deciphering the immunological interactions: targeting preeclampsia with hydroxychloroquine\u2019s biological mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Gaji\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010138","article-title":"Targeting TLR signaling cascades in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: an update","volume":"12","author":"Kalliolias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01336-4","article-title":"Endosome traffic in rheumatic diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"22","author":"Perl","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230054","article-title":"TLR7\/8 stress response drives histiocytosis in SLC29A3 disorders","volume":"220","author":"Shibata","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1315","article-title":"Endocytic recycling","volume":"5","author":"Maxfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.286","article-title":"Endosome maturation","volume":"30","author":"Huotari","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46441-2","article-title":"Rab4A-directed endosome traffic shapes pro-inflammatory mitochondrial metabolism in T cells via mitophagy, CD98 expression, and kynurenine-sensitive mTOR activation","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134010","article-title":"Lupus-associated endogenous retroviral LTR polymorphism and epigenetic imprinting promote HRES-1\/RAB4 expression and mTOR activation","volume":"5","author":"Godavarthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200111013","article-title":"Differential PI 3-kinase dependence of early and late phases of recycling of the internalized AT1 angiotensin receptor","volume":"157","author":"Hunyady","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13343","article-title":"Regulation of CTLA-4 recycling by LRBA and Rab11","volume":"164","author":"Janman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160062","article-title":"CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function","volume":"322","author":"Wing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2018.06.007","article-title":"Rab GTPase function in endosome and lysosome biogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Langemeyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003847","article-title":"Internalisation of neutrophils extracellular traps by macrophages aggravate rheumatoid arthritis via Rab5a","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.11.007","article-title":"Overview of STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) among 21 patients","volume":"9","author":"Fr\u00e9mond","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012070700","article-title":"Vps34 deficiency reveals the importance of endocytosis for podocyte homeostasis","volume":"24","author":"Bechtel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491426001681?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471491426001681?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:13:59Z","timestamp":1789388039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471491426001681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S1471491426001681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4914","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endosomal signaling disorders: a new category for immune dysregulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Molecular Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2026.06.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}