{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:46:57Z","timestamp":1785883617731,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T23:33:57Z","timestamp":1780356837000},"page":"102390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist PEG-Loxe on diabetic osteoporosis: A mechanistic study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyue","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01361-5","article-title":"Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic medications on bone metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07495-0","article-title":"Bone microstructure and TBS in diabetes: what have we learned? A narrative review","volume":"36","author":"Ferrari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology6110140","article-title":"Diabetic bone disease: a comprehensive narrative review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and evidence-based management","volume":"6","author":"Netto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178140","article-title":"Recent updates on diabetes and bone","volume":"26","author":"Brunetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.12.2180","article-title":"Role of gastrointestinal hormones in postprandial reduction of bone resorption","volume":"18","author":"Henriksen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00405-1","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is an integrative hormone with osteotropic effects","volume":"177","author":"Bollag","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0278","article-title":"Novel skeletal effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists","volume":"236","author":"Mabilleau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","article-title":"DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00034.Klune","article-title":"HMGB1: endogenous danger signaling","volume":"14","author":"Klune","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06130-x","article-title":"Expatiating the molecular approaches of HMGB1 in diabetes mellitus: highlighting signalling pathways via RAGE and TLRs","volume":"48","author":"Behl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2543268","article-title":"The role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"2016","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2011.562191","article-title":"Lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.2165\/11208110-000000000-00000","article-title":"Liraglutide: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"71","author":"Perry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01357.x","article-title":"An overview of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists\u2014Available efficacy and safety data and perspectives for the future","volume":"13","author":"Madsbad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib15","article-title":"Purification of total RNA from mammalian cells and tissues","volume":"2020","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14198","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide monotherapy in type 2 diabetes patients: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3a clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Ying","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib17","article-title":"Research progress of diabetic osteoporosis: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.02.006","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of osteoporosis and fractures in type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Sheu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00347-8","article-title":"Bone fragility in diabetes: novel concepts and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Hofbauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194873","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on bone health","volume":"20","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.04.017","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and bone fragility- an under-recognized association","volume":"15","author":"Farooqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabol Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib22","article-title":"Osteoporosis, fractures, and diabetes","volume":"2014","author":"Jackuliak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internet J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2019.1618266","article-title":"An update on therapies for the treatment of diabetes-induced osteoporosis","volume":"19","author":"Mohsin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0176-5","article-title":"Crosstalk between advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor RAGE axis and dipeptidyl peptidase-4-incretin system in diabetic vascular complications","volume":"14","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.09.018","volume":"360","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.6118\/jmm.2015.21.2.93","article-title":"Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Menopausal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib27","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide has anabolic bone effects in ovariectomized rats without diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0667-x","article-title":"The bone-preserving effects of exendin-4 in ovariectomized rats","volume":"51","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4649-8","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and fracture risk: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.08.006","article-title":"Chronic administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improves trabecular bone mass and architecture in ovariectomised mice","volume":"81","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.007","article-title":"Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3726","article-title":"The toll like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway is essential for particulate matter-induced activation of CD4-positive cells","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-021-00607-5","article-title":"The role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) in filarial pathology","volume":"15","author":"Fordjour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98931-8","article-title":"Effect of chitosan on blood profile, inflammatory cytokines by activating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in intestine of heat stressed mice","volume":"11","author":"Mohyuddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1292","article-title":"The murine glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is essential for control of bone resorption","volume":"149","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-15-0264","article-title":"Exendin-4 promotes proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by MAPKs activation","volume":"56","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170683","article-title":"Peptides in the regulation of glucagon secretion","volume":"148","author":"Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00327","article-title":"Exenatide improves bone quality in a murine model of genetically inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.12.007","article-title":"Does neprilysin inhibition potentiate or minimize the adverse effects of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists in chronic heart failure?","volume":"24","author":"Packer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1898","article-title":"Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, prevents osteopenia by promoting bone formation and suppressing bone resorption in aged ovariectomized rats","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-024-01240-1","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and diabetic osteopathy: another positive effect of incretines? A 12 months longitudinal study","volume":"115","author":"Al Refaie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib42","article-title":"Differential effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on diabetic osteopathy in type 2 diabetes: a patient-stratified network meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Alalwani","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2394","article-title":"Bariatric surgery results in cortical bone loss","volume":"98","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1176","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment increases bone formation and prevents bone loss in weight-reduced obese women","volume":"100","author":"Iepsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102624","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide versus placebo in adults with increased fracture risk: a randomised, double-blinded, two-centre, phase 2 trial","volume":"72","author":"Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag052","article-title":"Skeletal effect of semaglutide and tirzepatide in patients with increased risk of fractures","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.735824","article-title":"Effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"SURMOUNT-1 Investigators, tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","article-title":"SURMOUNT-2 investigators, Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib50","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of bone fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Diabetes Metab","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01355.x","article-title":"Exenatide treatment did not affect bone mineral density despite body weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Bunck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0037-y","article-title":"Use of glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonists and risk of fracture as compared to use of other anti-hyperglycemic drugs","volume":"97","author":"Driessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12102","article-title":"Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and bone fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Mabilleau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0361-4","article-title":"Risk of bone fractures associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists' treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"48","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"}],"container-title":["Molecular Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212877826000748?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212877826000748?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:05:06Z","timestamp":1785881106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212877826000748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S2212877826000748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-8778"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-8778","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist PEG-Loxe on diabetic osteoporosis: A mechanistic study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2026.102390","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102390"}}