{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:44:10Z","timestamp":1780544650119,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]],"date-time":"2010-01-08T05:36:17Z","timestamp":1262928977000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A quantitative analysis of genomic instability in lymphoid and plasma cell neoplasms based on the PIG-A gene"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"686","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Araten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Martinez-Climent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Perle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Zamechek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"DiTata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie J.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.24.120190.001513","article-title":"In vivo somatic mutations in humans: measurement and analysis","volume":"24","author":"Albertini","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(95)90070-5","article-title":"Suggestions concerning the relationship between mutant frequency and mutation rate at the hprt locus in human peripheral T-lymphocytes","volume":"334","author":"Green","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10076","article-title":"Estimation of mutation rate at human glycophorin A locus in hematopoietic stem cell progenitors","volume":"39","author":"Vickers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib4","first-page":"3075","article-title":"Mutator phenotype may be required for multistage carcinogenesis","volume":"51","author":"Loeb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021902","article-title":"Rules for making human tumor cells","volume":"347","author":"Hahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133427","article-title":"The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers","volume":"314","author":"Sj\u00f6blom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18238","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607057103","article-title":"Human cancers express a mutator phenotype","volume":"103","author":"Bielas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib8","first-page":"407","article-title":"Mutation rate of normal and malignant human lymphocytes","volume":"47","author":"Seshadri","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib9","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Pitfalls and practice of Luria\u2013Delbruck fluctuation analysis: a review","volume":"48","author":"Kendal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)00190-G","article-title":"Modeling and measurement of the spontaneous mutation rate in mammalian cells","volume":"328","author":"Rossman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.1.1","article-title":"Mutation rate at the hprt locus in human cancer cell lines with specific mismatch repair-gene defects","volume":"18","author":"Glaab","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20005","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms lead to HPRT gene mutations in leukemic cells","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6847","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6847","article-title":"An experimental solution for the Luria\u2013Delbruck flucutation problem in measuring hypermutation rates","volume":"96","author":"Bachl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.7.3292","article-title":"Metabolic cooperation between mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and their differentiated derivatives","volume":"75","author":"Nicolas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8111","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1198","article-title":"A quantitative measurement of the human somatic mutation rate","volume":"65","author":"Araten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5272","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.11.5272","article-title":"Specific defect in N-acetylglucosamine incorporation in the biosynthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor in cloned cell lines from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria","volume":"90","author":"Hillmen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7680492","article-title":"The cloning of PIG-A, a component in the early step of GPI-anchor biosynthesis","volume":"259","author":"Miyata","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.9.3277.bloodjournal8693277","article-title":"The molecular basis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria","volume":"86","author":"Rosse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib19","series-title":"PNH and the GPI-linked Proteins","first-page":"21","article-title":"Genetics of PNH","author":"Luzzatto","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03479","article-title":"X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females","volume":"434","author":"Carrel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402694","article-title":"Dynamics of hematopoiesis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): no evidence for intrinsic growth advantage of PNH clones","volume":"16","author":"Araten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.5.581","article-title":"FES-Cre targets phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) inactivation to hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow","volume":"194","author":"Keller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.9.5209","article-title":"Clonal populations of hematopoietic cells with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria genotype and phenotype are present in normal individuals","volume":"96","author":"Araten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib24","first-page":"654","article-title":"Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein deficiency as a marker of mutator phenotypes in cancer","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-026500","article-title":"Homozygous deletions localize novel tumor suppressor genes in B-cell lymphomas","volume":"109","author":"Mestre-Escorihuela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-2013","article-title":"Characterization of 8p21.3 chromosomal deletions in B-cell lymphoma: TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 as candidate dosage-dependent tumor suppressor genes","volume":"106","author":"Rubio-Moscardo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-01-0256","article-title":"The mutation rate in PIG-A is normal in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)","volume":"108","author":"Araten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.5.1749","article-title":"Resistance of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-binding toxin aerolysin","volume":"93","author":"Brodsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6319","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6319","article-title":"Mutator phenotypes in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines","volume":"91","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-11-1005","article-title":"PGAP2 is essential for correct processing and stable expression of GPI-anchored proteins","volume":"17","author":"Tashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1472","article-title":"PIG-A mutations in normal hematopoiesis","volume":"105","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01676.x","article-title":"The PNH phenotype cells that emerge in most patients after CAMPATH-1H therapy are present prior to treatment","volume":"107","author":"Rawstron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00746-9","article-title":"Circulating PIG-A mutant T lymphocytes in healthy adults and patients with bone marrow failure syndromes","volume":"29","author":"Ware","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2009.01.003","article-title":"Silencing of genes required for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis in Burkitt lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05690","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of genetic alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"446","author":"Mullighan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027510710000023?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027510710000023?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T09:29:48Z","timestamp":1764667788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0027510710000023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0027510710000023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A quantitative analysis of genomic instability in lymphoid and plasma cell neoplasms based on the PIG-A gene","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.11.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}