{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:52:41Z","timestamp":1777582361567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mutation Research\/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,26]],"date-time":"2008-04-26T15:58:13Z","timestamp":1209225493000},"page":"22-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["DNA-damage induction by eight metal compounds in TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells: Results obtained with the alkaline Comet assay"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"654","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Guillamet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amadeu","family":"Creus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Sabbioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Fortaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib1","series-title":"Molecular Biology and Toxicology of Metals","first-page":"551","article-title":"Toxic and essential metals in the cellular response to signals","author":"Koropatnick","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib2","series-title":"Molecular Biology and Toxicology of Metals","first-page":"477","article-title":"The role of metals in oxidative damage and redox cell-signaling derangements","author":"Kasprzak","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-4-526","article-title":"Oxigen radicals and human disease","volume":"107","author":"Cross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(91)90201-G","article-title":"N\u00edkel-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver of different strains of mice and its relation to nickel effects on antioxidant systems","volume":"57","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib5","first-page":"360","article-title":"Mechanism of HgCl2 cytotoxicity in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"26","author":"Cantoni","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib6","first-page":"4045","article-title":"Nickel(II) interferes with the incision step in nucleotide excision repair in mammalian cells","volume":"4","author":"Hartwig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(94)00013-3","article-title":"The comet assay: a comprehensive review","volume":"339","author":"Fairbairn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib8","series-title":"DNA Damage and Repair in Human Tissues","first-page":"291","article-title":"The single cell gel assay. A sensitive technique for evaluating intercellular differences in DNA damage and repair","author":"Tice","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(95)90037-3","article-title":"Herbicide-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay","volume":"344","author":"Ribas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850230407","article-title":"Comparative investigations of the genotoxic effects of metals in the single cells gel (SCG) assay and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test","volume":"23","author":"Hartmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geh005","article-title":"In vitro DNA damage by arsenic compounds in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) assessed by the alkaline Comet assay","volume":"19","author":"Guillamet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2307\/3578650","article-title":"Radiation-induced apoptosis measured in TK6 human B lymphoblast cells using the comet assay","volume":"136","author":"Olive","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(96)00223-0","article-title":"Cytotoxic and mutagenic response to X-rays and chemical mutagens in normal and p53-mutated human lymphoblastoid cells","volume":"374","author":"Honma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00004-8","article-title":"Comet assay: rapid processing of multiple samples","volume":"466","author":"McNamee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(91)90247-6","article-title":"Non-random cell killing in cryopreservation: implications for performance of the battery of leukocyte tests (BLT). I: Toxic and immunotoxic effects","volume":"252","author":"Strauss","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/13.1.89","article-title":"The ability of the Comet assay to discriminate between genotoxins and cytotoxins","volume":"13","author":"Henderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0","article-title":"A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2307\/3577587","article-title":"Heterogeneity in radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in tumor and normal cells using the \u201ccomet\u201d assay","volume":"122","author":"Olive","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Single cell gel\/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing","volume":"35","author":"Tice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"issue":"suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s3663","article-title":"Use of genetic toxicology data in U. S. EPA risk assessment: the mercury study report as an example","volume":"104","author":"Schoeny","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008849208686","article-title":"Cancer occurrence among European mercury miners","volume":"9","author":"Boffetta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212978","article-title":"Comparison of microbial tests for the detection of heavy metal genotoxicity","volume":"29","author":"Codina","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/15.6.525","article-title":"Mutagenicity of mercury chloride and mechanisms of cellular defence: the role of metal-binding proteins","volume":"15","author":"Schurz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(88)90009-7","article-title":"Mechanisms in metal genotoxicity: the significance of in vitro approaches","volume":"198","author":"Le\u00f3nard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(94)90012-4","article-title":"Genotoxicity of mercury compounds. A review","volume":"317","author":"De Flora","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-004-0578-8","article-title":"Genotoxicity of inorganic mercury salts based on disturbed function","volume":"78","author":"Bonacker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(98)00226-7","article-title":"Uptake, cellular distribution and DNA damage produced by mercuric chloride in a human fetal hepatic cell line","volume":"423","author":"Bucio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00083-8","article-title":"Mercuric chloride damages cellular DNA by a non-apoptotic mechanism","volume":"470","author":"Ben-Ozer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(00)00159-4","article-title":"Genotoxic hazard of pollutants in cetaceans: DNA damage and repair evaluated in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) by the Comet assay","volume":"42","author":"Taddei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448909029327","article-title":"Toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel compounds","volume":"19","author":"Coogan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib31","volume":"vol. 49","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2003.08.021","article-title":"Nickel carcinogenesis","volume":"533","author":"Kasprzak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib33","first-page":"2142","article-title":"Comparison of the localization of chromosome damage induced by calcium chromate and nickel compounds","volume":"47","author":"Sen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib34","first-page":"6032","article-title":"Nonrandom chromosomal alterations in nickel-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells","volume":"49","author":"Conway","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00145-5","article-title":"Genotoxic ability of cadmium, chromium and nickel salts studied by kinetochore staining in the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay","volume":"490","author":"Seoane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.9.1527","article-title":"Incidence and localization of sister chromatid exchanges induced by nickel and chromium compounds","volume":"7","author":"Sen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)00188-B","article-title":"Ni(II) induced changes in cell cycle duration and sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes","volume":"327","author":"Sahu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.8.2378-2388.1987","article-title":"Nickel-induced heritable alterations in retroviral transforming gene expression","volume":"61","author":"Biggart","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(86)90085-0","article-title":"Nickel(II) genotoxicity: potentiation of mutagenesis of simple alkylating agents","volume":"162","author":"Dubins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02917276","article-title":"Comutagenicity and inhibition of DNA repair by metal ions in mammalian cells","volume":"21","author":"Hartwig","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20179","article-title":"Nickel potentiates the genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene in Chinese Hamster lung V79 cells","volume":"47","author":"Deng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(98)00214-0","article-title":"Interaction of nickel with UV-light in the induction of cytogenetic effects in human peripheral lymphocytes","volume":"422","author":"Katsifis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.5.1021","article-title":"Induction and repair inhibition of oxidative DNA damage by nickel(II) and cadmium(II) in mammalian cells","volume":"18","author":"Dally","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.4.617","article-title":"Disturbance of DNA damage recognition after UV-irradiation by nickel(II) and cadmium(II) in mammalian cells","volume":"19","author":"Hartmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.2.283","article-title":"Enhancement by nickel(II) and l-histidine of 2\u2032deoxyguanine oxidation with hydrogen peroxide","volume":"13","author":"Dutta","year":"1992","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00024a001","article-title":"The role of oxidative processes in metal carcinogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)29:2<208::AID-EM11>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species are involved in nickel inhibition of DNA repair","volume":"29","author":"Lynn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(03)00086-3","article-title":"Nickel induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes","volume":"189","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-003-2253-0","article-title":"The comet assay as biomarker of heavy metal genotoxicity in earthworms","volume":"46","author":"Reinecke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(96)00145-3","article-title":"Genotoxicity of platinum and palladium compounds in human and bacterial cells","volume":"389","author":"Gebel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(96)00146-5","article-title":"Genotoxicity of selected metal compounds in the SOS chromotest","volume":"389","author":"Lantzsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/17.5.411","article-title":"Cytogenetic and oxidative damage induced in human lymphocytes by platinum, rhodium and palladium compounds","volume":"17","author":"Migliore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(02)00370-7","article-title":"Study of the biological effects and DNA damage exerted by a new dipalladium-Hmtpo complex on human cancer cells","volume":"90","author":"Akdi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"issue":"suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.10046","article-title":"Differential toxic effect of cis-platinum(II) and palladium(II) chlorides complexed with methyl 3,4-diamine-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside in mouse lymphoma cell lines differing in DSB and NER repair ability","author":"Kruszewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00204-1","article-title":"Effect of three diaryl tellurides, and an organoselenium compound in trout erythrocytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro","volume":"464","author":"Tiano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6255","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0406559","article-title":"Organoselenium and organotellurium compounds: toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"104","author":"Nogueira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2003.11.001","article-title":"Organotellurium compound toxicity in a promyelocytic cell line compared to non-tellurium-containing organic analog","volume":"18","author":"Sailer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2003.08.021","article-title":"Thioredoxin reductase and cancer cell growth inhibition by organotellurium compounds that could be selectively incorporated into tumor cells","volume":"11","author":"Engman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)34:4<279::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Micronuclei assay and FISH analysis in human lymphocytes treated with six metal salts","volume":"34","author":"Migliore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."}],"container-title":["Mutation Research\/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138357180800123X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138357180800123X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T20:30:04Z","timestamp":1588624204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S138357180800123X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S138357180800123X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2008.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5718","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}