{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:06:41Z","timestamp":1789009601057,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:39:00Z","timestamp":1787701140000},"page":"110774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimizing gadolinium-enhanced CNS MRI: From physics to clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Teodoro","family":"Mart\u00edn-Noguerol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Valentina","family":"Feldman-Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"C\u00e1novas-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Aumente-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2012.08.004","article-title":"Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agents for neuroradiology: an overview","volume":"20","author":"Kanal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2020.05.008","article-title":"Consensus guidelines of the French Society of Neuroradiology (SFNR) on the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and related MRI protocols in neuroradiology","volume":"47","author":"Lersy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00909-z","article-title":"Time optimization of gadobutrol-enhanced brain MRI for metastases and primary tumors using a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging","volume":"22","author":"Seo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0020","article-title":"Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: a T1 mapping study","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112322","article-title":"Gadolinium concentration dependent signal enhancement profiles using routine clinical sequences with gadopiclenol, gadoterate, gadobutrol, and gadoxetate at 1.5, 3 and 7 Tesla","volume":"191","author":"Marth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232619","article-title":"New insights into the pharmacology and biodistribution of gadolinium-based contrast agents","volume":"309","author":"Tweedle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0035","series-title":"Gadolinium Contrast Agents for CNS Imaging: Current Concepts and Clinical Evidence","author":"Kanal","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1328-3177","article-title":"Gadolinium-based contrast agents: what we learned from acute adverse events, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and brain retention","volume":"193","author":"B\u00e4uerle","year":"2021","journal-title":"RoFo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.07.012","article-title":"Risks and options with gadolinium-based contrast agents in patients with CKD: a review","volume":"77","author":"Rudnick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2597-9","article-title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium-based contrast media: updated ESUR contrast medium safety committee guidelines","volume":"23","author":"Thomsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020190110","article-title":"Gadolinium deposition and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a radiologist's primer","volume":"40","author":"Mathur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.30036","article-title":"Update on gadolinium-based contrast agent safety, from the AJR special series on contrast media","volume":"223","author":"Starekova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4615","article-title":"Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: an update","volume":"37","author":"Ramalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.241224","article-title":"Safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents in children: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04124-x","article-title":"Gadolinium toxicity: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and nanoparticle role","volume":"99","author":"Domingo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001200","article-title":"Safety of gadoterate meglumine: a review of 35years of clinical use and more than 170million doses","volume":"60","author":"Shahid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Investig Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-021-00600-9","article-title":"Patterns of use, effectiveness and safety of gadolinium contrast agents: A European prospective cross-sectional multicentre observational study","volume":"21","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0090","article-title":"Gadolinium-based contrast agents: updates and answers to typical questions regarding gadolinium use","volume":"49","author":"Cheong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000280","article-title":"Revisiting the pharmacokinetic profiles of gadolinium-based contrast agents: differences in long-term biodistribution and excretion","volume":"51","author":"Lancelot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29367","article-title":"Evolving characteristics of gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR imaging: a systematic review of the importance of Relaxivity","volume":"61","author":"Kanal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0105","first-page":"27","article-title":"T1 and T2 characteristics of agarose gel phantom with different gadolinium oxide concentration as relaxation modifier","volume":"1","author":"MaNaN","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Technol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.160.145","article-title":"T1 and T2 relaxation times on gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance images of brain tumors","volume":"160","author":"Yamada","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-026-12328-7","article-title":"ESR innovation in focus: high-relaxivity gadolinium-based contrast agents","author":"Mallio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4468","article-title":"The benefits of high relaxivity for brain tumor imaging: results of a multicenter intraindividual crossover comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine with gadoterate meglumine (the BENEFIT study)","volume":"36","author":"Vaneckova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27731","article-title":"Dose-lowering in contrast-enhanced MRI of the central nervous system: a retrospective, parallel-group comparison using Gadobenate Dimeglumine","volume":"54","author":"DeLano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000944","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Gadopiclenol for contrast-enhanced MRI of the central nervous system: the PICTURE randomized clinical trial","volume":"58","author":"Loevner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8375","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of lower gadolinium doses for MR imaging of meningiomas: how low can we go?","volume":"45","author":"Dowers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25970","article-title":"Deep learning enables reduced gadolinium dose for contrast-enhanced brain MRI","volume":"48","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28808","article-title":"A generic deep learning model for reduced gadolinium dose in contrast-enhanced brain MRI","volume":"86","author":"Pasumarthi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29095","article-title":"Reducing gadolinium contrast with artificial intelligence","volume":"60","author":"Tsui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.4.145","article-title":"Enhancement effects and relaxivities of gadolinium-DTPA at 1.5 versus 3 tesla: a phantom study","volume":"4","author":"Sasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000210","article-title":"Ultrahigh field MR neuroimaging","volume":"28","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0165","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in image contrast in brain tumors after gadolinium-DTPA","volume":"7","author":"Schorner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0170","article-title":"Contrast-enhancing lesion segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a deep learning approach validated in a multicentric cohort","volume":"11","author":"Greselin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"issue":"2025","key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0175","first-page":"866","article-title":"MAGNIMS\u2013CMSC\u2013NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Barkhof","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2960","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability and gadolinium","volume":"73","author":"Montagne","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4405","article-title":"Glioma angiogenesis and perfusion imaging: understanding the relationship between tumor blood volume and leakiness with increasing glioma grade","volume":"36","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4341","article-title":"ASFNR recommendations for clinical performance of MR dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging of the brain","volume":"36","author":"Welker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7064120","article-title":"Clinical applications of contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI techniques in gliomas: recent advances and current challenges","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3172","article-title":"Correlative assessment of tumor microcirculation using contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI: is there a link between them?","author":"Bisdas","year":"2014","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001205","article-title":"Contrast agent-specific parameter optimization for T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient Echo imaging","volume":"60","author":"Gkotsis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Investig Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0210","first-page":"626","article-title":"Moving toward a consensus DSC-MRI protocol: validation of a low-flip angle single-dose option as a reference standard for brain tumors","volume":"40","author":"Schmainda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2020.01.085","article-title":"Post-contrast 3D T1-weighted TSE MR sequences (SPACE, CUBE, VISTA\/BRAINVIEW, isoFSE, 3D MVOX): technical aspects and clinical applications","volume":"47","author":"Bapst","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-107","article-title":"Comparison of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging using DANTE-SPACE, PETRA, and MPRAGE: a clinical evaluation of brain tumors at 3 tesla","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0225","first-page":"273","article-title":"Detection of brain metastasis: comparison of Turbo-FLAIR imaging, T2- weighted imaging and double-dose gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"16","author":"Okubo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiat Med - Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8431","article-title":"Gadolinium-enhanced T2 FLAIR is an imaging biomarker of radiation necrosis and tumor progression in patients with brain metastases","volume":"46","author":"Heyn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300298","article-title":"Meningeal contrast enhancement in multiple sclerosis: assessment of field strength, acquisition delay, and clinical relevance","volume":"19","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.2.8284415","article-title":"Improved contrast of enhancing brain lesions on postgadolinium, T1-weighted spin-echo images with use of magnetization transfer","volume":"190","author":"Finelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1146-2","article-title":"Brain MR post-gadolinium contrast in multiple sclerosis: the role of magnetization transfer and image subtraction in detecting more enhancing lesions","volume":"46","author":"Gavra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13079","article-title":"MRI detection of brain gadolinium retention in multiple sclerosis: magnetization transfer vs. T1-weighted imaging","volume":"33","author":"Cananau","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880020408","article-title":"Gadolinium-enhanced magnetization transfer contrast imaging of intracranial tumors","volume":"2","author":"Kurki","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170078","article-title":"Fat suppression in magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck region: is the two-point DIXON technique superior to spectral fat suppression?","author":"Wendl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.2.1729800","article-title":"Fat-suppression MR imaging in neuroradiology: techniques and clinical application","volume":"158","author":"Tien","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0270","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Optimization of gray\/white matter contrast with fast inversion recovery for myelin suppression: a comparison of fast spin-echo and echo-planar MR imaging sequences","volume":"20","author":"Wolansky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0275","article-title":"Imaging of skull vault tumors in adults, insights imaging","volume":"11","author":"Pons Escoda","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.09.002","article-title":"Assessment of blood-brain barrier disruption using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Heye","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3174\/ng.2100041","article-title":"Perfusion MRI Techniques: Beyond DSC","volume":"13","author":"Peret","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24648","article-title":"Principles of T2\u2217-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI technique in brain tumor imaging","volume":"41","author":"Shiroishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa141","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for a dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI protocol for use in high-grade gliomas","volume":"22","author":"Boxerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1271-7","article-title":"DCE and DSC perfusion MRI diagnostic accuracy in the follow-up of primary and metastatic intra-axial brain tumors treated by radiosurgery with CyberKnife","volume":"14","author":"Morabito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02265-2","article-title":"Reliability of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data in primary brain tumours: a comparison of Tofts and shutter speed models","volume":"61","author":"Inglese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2014.04.005","article-title":"A review of technical aspects of T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in human brain tumors","volume":"30","author":"Bergamino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2016.07.003","article-title":"Optimization of DCE-MRI protocol for the assessment of patients with brain tumors","volume":"34","author":"Artzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-0861-6","article-title":"Diagnosis of brain tumors using dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging with a short acquisition time","volume":"4","author":"Abe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2023.11.002","article-title":"Influence of scan duration on dynamic contrast -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging pharmacokinetic parameters for brain lesions","volume":"105","author":"Minosse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001716","article-title":"Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI processing comparison for distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression in high-grade glioma","volume":"49","author":"Amer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23600","article-title":"Comparison between intensity normalization techniques for dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI estimates of cerebral blood volume (CBV) in human gliomas","volume":"35","author":"Ellingson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.250374","article-title":"How I do it: using the Dixon method and Fat-water imaging in musculoskeletal MRI","volume":"318","author":"Omoumi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0345","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Fat signal suppression in head and neck imaging using fast spin-echo-IDEAL technique","volume":"27","author":"Barger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21492","article-title":"Dixon techniques for water and fat imaging","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0355","article-title":"The three futures of bone marrow imaging: a radiologist's guide","author":"Mart\u00edn-Noguerol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.2013-0047","article-title":"Improvement of T1 contrast in whole-brain black-blood imaging using motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium prepared 3D turbo spin echo (3D MSDE-TSE)","volume":"13","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0365","first-page":"1","article-title":"3D T1 turbo spin echo improves detection of gadolinium-enhancing multiple-sclerosis lesions, insights","volume":"16","author":"Naval-Baudin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.7.13","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of metastatic brain tumor at 3 tesla: utility of T1-weighted SPACE compared with 2D spin echo and 3D gradient echo sequence","volume":"7","author":"Komada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11363-0","article-title":"Improved detection of brain metastases using contrast-enhanced 3D black-blood TSE sequences compared to post-contrast 3D T1 GRE: a comparative study on 1.5-T MRI","volume":"35","author":"Chen Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A9294","article-title":"Volumetric postcontrast T1 Turbo spin-echo versus gradient-recalled Echo MR sequences for detecting brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Benomar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052700","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the pathology underlying aneurysm enhancement on vessel wall imaging","volume":"25","author":"Digpal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.rev.2021-0140","article-title":"Vessel wall imaging of intracranial arteries: fundamentals and clinical applications","volume":"22","author":"Gomyo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02778-9","article-title":"MR vessel wall imaging in cerebral bacterial and fungal infections","volume":"64","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22261","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional, whole-brain, black-blood imaging: application to small brain metastases","volume":"63","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3182319704","article-title":"Detection of small metastatic brain tumors: comparison of 3D contrast-enhanced whole-brain black-blood imaging and MP-RAGE imaging","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000420","article-title":"Use of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the detection of brain hemorrhagic metastases from breast cancer and melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Franceschi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203071","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical essentials and clinical neurologic applications","volume":"299","author":"Haller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0086-3","article-title":"New MR sequences in daily practice: susceptibility weighted imaging. A pictorial essay","volume":"2","author":"Gasparotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10703-w","article-title":"An update on susceptibility-weighted imaging in brain gliomas","volume":"34","author":"Mart\u00edn-Noguerol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E24","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6973","article-title":"Primary angiitis of the CNS with unremarkable vessel wall MR imaging: how the \u201cT1 shinethrough\u201d effect on SWI adds to the detection of gadolinium enhancement of small intraparenchymal brain vessels","volume":"42","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0730725X26001670?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0730725X26001670?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:20:52Z","timestamp":1789006852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0730725X26001670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0730725X26001670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-725X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-725X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimizing gadolinium-enhanced CNS MRI: From physics to clinical practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2026.110774","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110774"}}