{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:11Z","timestamp":1787169611980,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mri.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T07:15:20Z","timestamp":1476947720000},"page":"183-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["MR Imaging of the Diabetic Foot"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eoghan","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Zoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00182-2","article-title":"The development and complications of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"176","author":"Laing","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib2","series-title":"Orthopedic knowledge update, musculoskeletal infection","first-page":"227","article-title":"Diabetic foot infections","author":"Calhoun","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.03.010","article-title":"Medical imaging of the diabetic foot","volume":"24","author":"Loredo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.08.004","article-title":"Current concepts in imaging diabetic pedal osteomyelitis","volume":"46","author":"Donovan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.08.006","article-title":"Nuclear medicine and diabetic foot infections","volume":"39","author":"Palestro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.1.1727365","article-title":"The scintigraphic diagnosis of osteomyelitis","volume":"158","author":"Schauwecker","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70006-7","article-title":"Update on imaging of orthopedic infections","volume":"29","author":"Boutin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib8","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Diabetic pedal infection","volume":"vol. II","author":"Morrison","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2008.05.002","article-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria on suspected osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.2.125","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing foot osteomyelitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Kapoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.1.1780215","article-title":"Non-enhancing tissue on MR imaging of pedal infection: characterization of necrotic tissue and associated limitations for diagnosis of osteomyelitis and abscess","volume":"178","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2243011231","article-title":"Pedal abscesses in patient suspected of having pedal osteomyelitis: analysis with MR imaging","volume":"224","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00163-5","article-title":"MR imaging of the diabetic foot","volume":"42","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2008.02.004","article-title":"MR imaging of the diabetic foot","volume":"16","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.303095111","article-title":"Use of MR imaging in diagnosing diabetes-related pedal osteomyelitis","volume":"30","author":"Donovan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2233011279","article-title":"MR image analysis of pedal osteomyelitis: distribution, patterns of spread and frequency of associated ulceration and septic arthritis","volume":"223","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.1.8204132","article-title":"Diagnosis of osteomyelitis: utility of fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"189","author":"Morrison","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.3.9609883","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the foot: relative importance of primary and secondary MR imaging signs","volume":"207","author":"Morrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.5.1761155","article-title":"Sonography and radiography of soft tissue foreign bodies","volume":"176","author":"Horton","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR AM J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-015-1294-9","article-title":"Radiology of foreign bodies: how do we image them?","volume":"22","author":"Ingraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.233025137","article-title":"Foreign bodies","volume":"23","author":"Hunter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-007-0409-0","article-title":"MRI appearance of muscle denervation","volume":"37","author":"Kamath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2382","article-title":"Atrophy of foot muscles: a measure of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"27","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12676","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis and its mimics: what radiologists need to know","volume":"204","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR AM J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0780-0","article-title":"Imaging of musculoskeletal soft tissue infections","volume":"39","author":"Turecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-008-0786-2","article-title":"MR imaging of urgent inflammatory and infectious conditions affecting the soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200212000-00024","article-title":"Primary pyomyositis","volume":"84","author":"Bickels","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2009.10.2.121","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis versus pyomyositis: discrimination with using MR imaging","volume":"10","author":"Seok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e936","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20140924-91","article-title":"Diabetic myonecrosis: likely an underrecognized entity","volume":"37","author":"Mazoch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.1.r99ap44241","article-title":"Muscle infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus: MR imaging findings","volume":"211","author":"Jelinek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.4.1790939","article-title":"Tendon involvement in pedal infection: MR analysis of frequency, distribution and spread of infection","volume":"179","author":"Ledermann","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30354-8","article-title":"The diabetic foot: soft tissue and bone infection","volume":"4","author":"Lipsky","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.73.868.10844873","article-title":"The diabetic foot","volume":"73","author":"Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib34","series-title":"Problem solving in musculoskeletal imaging","first-page":"183","article-title":"Section III problem solving: disease categories, Ch 5 infection of the musculoskeletal system","author":"Morrison","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1376","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of T1-weighted MRI characteristics in evaluation of osteomyelitis of the foot","volume":"192","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.185.2.01850386","article-title":"T1-weighted MRI characteristics of pedal osteomyelitis","volume":"185","author":"Collins","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(99)00137-X","article-title":"The diagnostic role of gadolinium enhanced MRI in distinguishing between acute medullary bone infarct and osteomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Umans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1557-2","article-title":"Clinical impact of gadolinium in the MRI diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection in children","volume":"40","author":"Kan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.10.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of the Charcot foot","volume":"25","author":"Frykberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(02)00036-2","article-title":"Work up of the diabetic foot","volume":"40","author":"Morrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.6.8946539","article-title":"MR imaging of osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy in the feet of diabetics","volume":"16","author":"Marcus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21884","DOI":"10.3402\/dfa.v4i0.21884","article-title":"Charcot foot in diabetes and an update on imaging","volume":"4","author":"Ergen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabet Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2382041393","article-title":"Neuropathic arthropathy of the foot with and without superimposed osteomyelitis: MR imaging characteristics","volume":"238","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064968916300605?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064968916300605?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T16:56:58Z","timestamp":1657472218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1064968916300605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1064968916300605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-9689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-9689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MR Imaging of the Diabetic Foot","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}