{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:43:54Z","timestamp":1773053034012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T08:34:51Z","timestamp":1697704491000},"page":"111-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["MR Perfusion Imaging of the Lung"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fernando U.","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananth J.","family":"Madhuranthakam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib1","first-page":"919","article-title":"State of the art: ventilation-perfusion relationships","volume":"116","author":"West","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30105-3","article-title":"Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.02.638","article-title":"Analysis of National Trends in Admissions for pulmonary embolism","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00543-3","article-title":"A\u00a0global view of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Hoeper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00320.2012","article-title":"Imaging lung perfusion","volume":"113","author":"Hopkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201138","article-title":"Expanding applications of pulmonary MRI in the clinical evaluation of lung disorders: fleischner society position paper","volume":"297","author":"Hatabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0140-1","article-title":"Pulmonary perfusion imaging using MRI: clinical application","volume":"3","author":"Ley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.3.405","article-title":"Distribution of blood flow and ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lung, measured with radioactive carbon dioxide","volume":"15","author":"West","year":"1960","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104222","article-title":"The use of radioactive carbon dioxide to measure regional blood flow in the lungs of patients with pulmonary disease","volume":"40","author":"West","year":"1961","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102772","article-title":"Lobar alveolar gas concentrations; effect of body position","volume":"32","author":"Martin","year":"1953","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1956.8.4.417","article-title":"Distribution of ventalation and perfusion in the lobes of the dog's lung in the supine and erect position","volume":"8","author":"Rahn","year":"1956","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.3.760","article-title":"Distribution of pulmonary perfusion in erect man","volume":"21","author":"Anthonisen","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(68)90007-8","article-title":"Effect of lung volume on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in man","volume":"4","author":"Hughes","year":"1968","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1960.sp001491","article-title":"The effects of the tracheal pressure upon flow: pressure relations in the vascular bed of isolated lungs","volume":"45","author":"Banister","year":"1960","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib15","first-page":"426","article-title":"Regional differences in the lung","volume":"74","author":"West","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.3.303","article-title":"Effect of body position on vertical distribution of pulmonary blood flow","volume":"28","author":"Reed","year":"1970","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1974.227.1.230","article-title":"Spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in dogs in left decubitus position","volume":"227","author":"Greenleaf","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.2.530","article-title":"Differences in regional vascular conductances in isolated dog lungs","volume":"61","author":"Beck","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.3.1114","article-title":"Gravity-independent inequality in pulmonary blood flow in humans","volume":"63","author":"Hakim","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib20","first-page":"1758","article-title":"Observations with SPECT on the normal regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in gravity independent planes","volume":"28","author":"Lisbona","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.3.1160","article-title":"Effect of body posture on spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow","volume":"64","author":"Hakim","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198807000-00003","article-title":"Quantification of spatial blood flow distribution in isolated canine lung","volume":"23","author":"Hakim","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0808-6","article-title":"Prone positioning improves distribution of pulmonary perfusion: noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy humans","volume":"18","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1135","article-title":"Pulmonary perfusion is more uniform in the prone than in the supine position: scintigraphy in healthy humans","volume":"86","author":"Nyren","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214103","article-title":"Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"368","author":"Guerin","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35741-1","article-title":"Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on alveolar capillary perfusion","volume":"95","author":"Nieman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051340","article-title":"Regional distribution of gas and tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome. III. Consequences for the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. CT Scan ARDS Study Group. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Puybasset","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22527","article-title":"Effects of respiratory cycle and body position on quantitative pulmonary perfusion by MRI","volume":"34","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01289.2006","article-title":"Vertical gradients in regional lung density and perfusion in the supine human lung: the Slinky effect","volume":"103","author":"Hopkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.137.2.7433674","article-title":"Density patterns in the normal lung as determined by computed tomography","volume":"137","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1954.6.12.731","article-title":"On the theory of the indicator-dilution method for measurement of blood flow and volume","volume":"6","author":"Meier","year":"1954","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib32","first-page":"249","article-title":"Concepts of myocardial perfusion imaging in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"10","author":"Wilke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Magn Reson Q"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib33","first-page":"425","article-title":"Ischemic heart disease: assessment with gadolinium-enhanced ultrafast MR imaging and dipyridamole stress","volume":"4","author":"Eichenberger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn\u00a0Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910360402","article-title":"Pulmonary perfusion: qualitative assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using ultra-short TE and inversion recovery turbo FLASH","volume":"36","author":"Hatabu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.203.1.9122390","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism: detection with MR perfusion imaging of lung--a feasibility study","volume":"203","author":"Amundsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199901)9:1<61::AID-JMRI8>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Prospective comparison of MR lung perfusion and lung scintigraphy","volume":"9","author":"Berthezene","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10092","article-title":"Perfusion abnormalities in pulmonary embolism studied with perfusion MRI and ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy: an intra-modality and inter-modality agreement study","volume":"15","author":"Amundsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200008)12:2<224::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging of the lung: characterization of pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A feasibility study","volume":"12","author":"Amundsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199912)42:6<1033::AID-MRM7>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of pulmonary perfusion with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"42","author":"Hatabu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1172","article-title":"Evaluation of regional pulmonary perfusion using ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"46","author":"Levin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000067490.97837.82","article-title":"Partially parallel three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of lung perfusion--initial results","volume":"38","author":"Fink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20137","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of regional pulmonary perfusion in the entire lung using three-dimensional ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Preliminary experience in 40 subjects","volume":"20","author":"Ohno","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0135","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension: 3D dynamic perfusion MRI for quantitative analysis of regional pulmonary perfusion","volume":"188","author":"Ohno","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.08.028","article-title":"Quantitative 3D pulmonary MR-perfusion in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: correlation with invasive pressure measurements","volume":"61","author":"Ley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000133813.22873.47","article-title":"Quantification of pulmonary blood flow and volume in healthy volunteers by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using a parallel imaging technique","volume":"39","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000101482.79137.f4","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional pulmonary perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: intraindividual comparison of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M Gd-DTPA at three dose levels","volume":"39","author":"Fink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10038","article-title":"Effect of the rate of gadolinium injection on magnetic resonance pulmonary perfusion imaging","volume":"15","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182916","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of 639 Patients with Biopsy-confirmed Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis","volume":"292","author":"Attari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000352","article-title":"Quantification and assessment of the chemical form of residual gadolinium in the brain after repeated administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents: comparative study in rats","volume":"52","author":"Frenzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.27969","article-title":"Practice Management Strategies for Imaging Facilities Facing an Acute Iodinated Contrast Media Shortage","volume":"219","author":"Cavallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.1.212","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water","volume":"89","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(98)00190-8","article-title":"Perfusion imaging of the human lung using flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery with an extra radiofrequency pulse (FAIRER)","volume":"17","author":"Mai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199903)9:3<483::AID-JMRI18>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"MR perfusion imaging of pulmonary parenchyma using pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques: FAIRER and FAIR","volume":"9","author":"Mai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(200002)11:2<97::AID-JMRI4>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Detection of regional pulmonary perfusion deficit of the occluded lung using arterial spin labeling in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"11","author":"Mai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1137","article-title":"Effect of lung inflation on arterial spin labeling signal in MR perfusion imaging of human lung","volume":"13","author":"Mai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400308","article-title":"A\u00a0general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling","volume":"40","author":"Buxton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200011)44:5<808::AID-MRM20>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Noninvasive pulmonary perfusion imaging by STAR-HASTE sequence","volume":"44","author":"Hatabu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10338","article-title":"Quantitative perfusion mapping of the human lung using 1H spin labeling","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20891","article-title":"Quantification of regional pulmonary blood flow using ASL-FAIRER","volume":"55","author":"Bolar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20871","article-title":"Quantitative lung perfusion mapping at 0.2 T using FAIR True-FISP MRI","volume":"55","author":"Martirosian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1407","article-title":"Characterizing pulmonary blood flow distribution measured using arterial spin labeling","volume":"22","author":"Henderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.11.007","article-title":"Non-contrast quantitative pulmonary perfusion using flow alternating inversion recovery at 3T: A preliminary study","volume":"46","author":"Greer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910230106","article-title":"Perfusion imaging","volume":"23","author":"Detre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.3.r99se35890","article-title":"Pulmonary perfusion: respiratory-triggered three-dimensional MR imaging with arterial spin tagging--preliminary results in healthy volunteers","volume":"212","author":"Roberts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1169","article-title":"Dynamic observation of pulmonary perfusion using continuous arterial spin-labeling in a pig model","volume":"14","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197","article-title":"Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia","volume":"73","author":"Alsop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27276","article-title":"Imaging pulmonary blood flow using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) with balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) readout at 1.5T","volume":"52","author":"Seith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221998","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221998","article-title":"Free-breathing Arterial Spin Labeling MRI for the detection of pulmonary embolism","volume":"307","author":"Othman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22031","article-title":"Non-contrast-enhanced perfusion and ventilation assessment of the human lung by means of fourier decomposition in proton MRI","volume":"62","author":"Bauman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-106","article-title":"Magnetic resonance lung function--a breakthrough for lung imaging and functional assessment? A phantom study and clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Zapke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102313","article-title":"Pulmonary functional imaging: qualitative comparison of Fourier decomposition MR imaging with SPECT\/CT in porcine lung","volume":"260","author":"Bauman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24236","article-title":"Lung ventilation- and perfusion-weighted Fourier decomposition magnetic resonance imaging: in\u00a0vivo validation with hyperpolarized 3He and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"69","author":"Bauman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3134","article-title":"SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional Lung imaging (SENCEFUL) using a quasi-random fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence and proton MRI","volume":"27","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26893","article-title":"Feasibility of quantitative regional ventilation and perfusion mapping with phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI in healthy volunteers and COPD, CTEPH, and CF patients","volume":"79","author":"Voskrebenzev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210147","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.210147","article-title":"PREFUL MRI depicts dual bronchodilator changes in COPD: a retrospective analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Voskrebenzev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27027","article-title":"Validation of automated perfusion-weighted phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL)-MRI in patients with pulmonary diseases","volume":"52","author":"Behrendt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221958","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221958","article-title":"Phase-resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI-derived Ventilation and Perfusion Parameters Predict Future Lung Transplant Loss","volume":"307","author":"Vogel-Claussen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24181","article-title":"Regional mapping of gas uptake by blood and tissue in the human lung using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI","volume":"39","author":"Qing","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10649","article-title":"Characterization of diffusing capacity and perfusion of the rat lung in a lipopolysaccaride disease model using hyperpolarized 129Xe","volume":"50","author":"Mansson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18278","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608458103","article-title":"Imaging alveolar-capillary gas transfer using hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI","volume":"103","author":"Driehuys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01987-2019","article-title":"Pulmonary xenon-129 MRI: new opportunities to unravel enigmas in respiratory medicine","volume":"55","author":"Eddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0069OC","article-title":"Lung disease at diagnosis in infants with cystic fibrosis detected by newborn screening","volume":"180","author":"Sly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-343OC","article-title":"Computed tomography reflects lower airway inflammation and tracks changes in early cystic fibrosis","volume":"175","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200703-041BR","article-title":"Endpoints for clinical trials in young children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-810OC","article-title":"Estimation of cancer mortality associated with repetitive computed tomography scanning","volume":"173","author":"de Jong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.02.045","article-title":"Morphologic and functional scoring of cystic fibrosis lung disease using MRI","volume":"81","author":"Eichinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1659OC","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging detects changes in structure and perfusion, and response to therapy in early cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"189","author":"Wielputz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-011-0271-x","article-title":"Non-invasive pulmonary perfusion assessment in young patients with cystic fibrosis using an arterial spin labeling MR technique at 1.5 T","volume":"25","author":"Schraml","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.08.018","article-title":"Validation of Fourier decomposition MRI with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using visual and automated scoring of pulmonary perfusion in young cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"82","author":"Bauman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109653","article-title":"Non-contrast pulmonary perfusion MRI in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"139","author":"Kunz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894019841990","article-title":"EXPRESS: Statement on imaging and pulmonary hypertension from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI)","volume":"9","author":"Kiely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203020","article-title":"3D contrast-enhanced lung perfusion MRI is an effective screening tool for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from the ASPIRE Registry","volume":"68","author":"Rajaram","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25714","article-title":"Lung perfusion: MRI vs. SPECT for screening in suspected chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Johns","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21550","article-title":"Dynamic perfusion MRI: capability for evaluation of disease severity and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with connective tissue disease","volume":"28","author":"Ohno","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23680","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography vs. Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography vs. contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI: assessment of treatment response by patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"36","author":"Ohno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26009","article-title":"International Workshop for Pulmonary Functional I. MRI for solitary pulmonary nodule and mass assessment: Current state of the art","volume":"47","author":"Ohno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2242010992","article-title":"Solitary pulmonary nodules: potential role of dynamic MR imaging in management initial experience","volume":"224","author":"Ohno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21348","article-title":"Dynamic MRI, dynamic multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), and coregistered 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)\/CT: comparative study of capability for management of pulmonary nodules","volume":"27","author":"Ohno","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132289","article-title":"Solitary pulmonary nodules: Comparison of dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion area-detector CT, dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced MR imaging, and FDG PET\/CT","volume":"274","author":"Ohno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181159","article-title":"Fluorine 18-FDG PET\/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI for malignant versus benign pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis","volume":"290","author":"Basso Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.1.1820073","article-title":"Dynamic perfusion MRI versus perfusion scintigraphy: prediction of postoperative lung function in patients with lung cancer","volume":"182","author":"Ohno","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2084","article-title":"Postoperative lung function in lung cancer patients: comparative analysis of predictive capability of MRI, CT, and SPECT","volume":"189","author":"Ohno","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211327","article-title":"MRI shows lung perfusion changes after vaping and smoking","volume":"304","author":"Nyilas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.06.011","article-title":"Decrease of pulmonary blood flow detected by phase contrast MRI is correlated with a decrease in lung volume and increase of lung fibrosis area determined by computed tomography in interstitial lung disease","volume":"85","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318281057d","volume":"48","author":"Hueper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26342","article-title":"Comparison of quantitative regional perfusion-weighted phase resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced regional pulmonary perfusion MRI in COPD patients","volume":"49","author":"Kaireit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28016","article-title":"Validation of phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) magnetic resonance imaging pulse wave transit time compared to echocardiography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"56","author":"Pohler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27385","article-title":"Repeatability of phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL)-MRI ventilation and perfusion parameters in healthy subjects and COPD Patients","volume":"53","author":"Pohler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.12.018","article-title":"Contrast enhanced pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography for pulmonary embolism: Building a successful program","volume":"85","author":"Nagle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.293085226","article-title":"Quality initiatives: imaging pregnant patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: what the radiologist needs to know","volume":"29","author":"Pahade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850600885377","article-title":"Pulmonary perfusion in acute pulmonary embolism: agreement of MRI and SPECT for lobar, segmental and subsegmental perfusion defects","volume":"47","author":"Kluge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2852-8","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced, contrast-enhanced perfusion and angiographic MRI sequences for pulmonary embolism diagnosis: results of independent sequence readings","volume":"23","author":"Revel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064968923000831?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064968923000831?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T04:45:51Z","timestamp":1761021951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1064968923000831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1064968923000831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-9689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-9689","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MR Perfusion Imaging of the Lung","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2023.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}