{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:45:28Z","timestamp":1791269128668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mutation Research\/Reviews in Mutation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]],"date-time":"2007-08-07T08:34:11Z","timestamp":1186475651000},"page":"55-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Metabolic activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid, a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"658","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Stiborov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker M.","family":"Arlt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz H.","family":"Schmeiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib1","article-title":"Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene","volume":"82","year":"2002","journal-title":"IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1039\/b303648k","article-title":"Naturally occurring aristolactams, aristolochic acids and diaxoapophines and their biological activities","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1097762","article-title":"Aristolochic acids from Aristolochia manshuriensis","volume":"27","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"1975","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib4","first-page":"41","article-title":"Die Osterluzei \u2013 Aristolochia clematitis \u2013 eine alte Medizinal-Pflanze","volume":"8","author":"Hahn","year":"1979","journal-title":"DR Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)81447-8","article-title":"Minor aristolochic acids from Aristolochia argentina and mass spectral analysis of aristolochic acids","volume":"26","author":"Priestap","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib6","first-page":"118","article-title":"Weitere Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Wirkung der Aristolochias\u00e4ure","volume":"16","author":"M\u00f6se","year":"1966","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib7","first-page":"151","article-title":"Weitere Studien \u00fcber Aristolochias\u00e4ure","volume":"24","author":"M\u00f6se","year":"1974","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib8","first-page":"443","article-title":"Doppelblindstudie zur Beeinflussung der Phagocytosef\u00e4higkeit von Granulocyten durch Aristolochias\u00e4ure","volume":"32","author":"Kluthe","year":"1982","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302751","article-title":"The carcinogenic action of aristolochic acid in rats","volume":"107","author":"Mengs","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333900","article-title":"On the histopathogenesis of rat forestomach carcinoma caused by aristolochic acid","volume":"52","author":"Mengs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(82)90031-8","article-title":"Aristolochic acid is a direct mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"105","author":"Robisch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00327108","article-title":"Induction of structural chromosome abberations and sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes in-vitro by aristolochic acid","volume":"64","author":"Abel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333420","article-title":"Aristolochic acid is mutagenic and recombinogenic in Drosophila genotoxicity tests","volume":"56","author":"Frei","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90052-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the mutagenic and cytostatic potential of aristolochic acid (3,4-methylenedioxy-8-methoxy-10-nitrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid) and several of its derivatives","volume":"206","author":"Pezutto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00141-2","article-title":"SOS induction of selected naturally occuring substances in Escherichia coli (SOS chromotest)","volume":"445","author":"Kevekordes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib16","first-page":"461","article-title":"Micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes and in the metabolically competent human hepatoma cell line Hep-G2: results with 15 naturally occurring substances","volume":"21","author":"Kevekordes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295084","article-title":"Acute toxicity of aristolochic acid in rodents","volume":"59","author":"Mengs","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293699","article-title":"Tumor induction in mice following exposure to aristolochic acid","volume":"61","author":"Mengs","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01973700","article-title":"Renal toxicity of aristolochic acid in rats as an example of nephrotoxicity testing in routine toxicology","volume":"87","author":"Mengs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib20","series-title":"Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia","first-page":"130","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)84131-B","article-title":"Aristolochic acids and aristolactams from Aristolochia auricularia","volume":"30","author":"Houghton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90156-5","article-title":"Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli with aristolochic acid","volume":"25","author":"Vishwanath","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92984-2","article-title":"Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs","volume":"341","author":"Vanherweghem","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90964-4","article-title":"Identification of aristolochic acid in Chinese herbs","volume":"343","author":"Vanhaelen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)80056-2","article-title":"Valvular heart disease and Chinese-herbs nephropathy","volume":"351","author":"Vanhaelen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.3.408","article-title":"Progression rate of Chinese herb nephropathy: impact of Aristolochia fangchi ingested dose","volume":"17","author":"Martinez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326010-00004","article-title":"Aristolochic acid and \u201cChinese herbs nephropathy\u201d: a review of the evidence to date","volume":"26","author":"Cosyns","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/17.4.265","article-title":"Aristolochic acid as a probable human cancer hazard in herbal remedies: a review","volume":"17","author":"Arlt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.28624","article-title":"Aristolochic acid nephropathy in a Chinese patient: time to abandon the term \u201cChinese herbs nephropathy\u201d?","volume":"38","author":"Gillerot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.29661","article-title":"Is \u201cChinese Herbs Nephropathy\u201d a prejudical term?","volume":"38","author":"Solez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70136-8","article-title":"Urothelial lesions in Chinese-herb nephropathy","volume":"33","author":"Cosyns","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006083422301","article-title":"Urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi)","volume":"342","author":"Nortier","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06576-X","article-title":"Urothelial malignant disease and Chinese herbal nephropathy","volume":"358","author":"Lord","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20316","article-title":"Aristolochic acid (AA)-DNA adduct as marker of AA exposure and risk factor for AA nephropathy-associated cancer","volume":"111","author":"Arlt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.09.019","article-title":"Detection of Herba Aristolochia Mollissemae in a patient with unexplained nephropathy","volume":"45","author":"Lo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib36","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Etiology of endemic nephropathy","volume":"91","author":"Ivic","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lijec. Vjesn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.106-1533478","article-title":"The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: still more questions than answers","volume":"106","author":"Tatu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10602","article-title":"Is aristolochic acid a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy-associated urothelial cancer?","volume":"101","author":"Arlt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030110079815","article-title":"Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins","volume":"19","author":"Pfohl-Leszkowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib40","first-page":"782","article-title":"Biochemistry and toxicological aspects of etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy","volume":"99","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Listy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000090705","article-title":"Etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urothelial cancer","volume":"26","author":"Stefanovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701248104","article-title":"Aristolochic acid and the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy","volume":"104","author":"Grollman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib43","first-page":"116","article-title":"Endemic nephropathy: the case for chronic poisoning by aristolochia","volume":"46","author":"Hranjec","year":"2005","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/9.2.297","article-title":"DNA adduct formation of aristolochic acid I and II in vitro and in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Schmeiser","year":"1988","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.9.1627","article-title":"32P-postlabelling analysis of the DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid I and II","volume":"11","author":"Pfau","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.6.1187","article-title":"Characterization of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acids in the target organ (forestomach) of rats by 32P-postlabelling analysis using different chromatographic procedures","volume":"15","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib47","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy","volume":"56","author":"Schmeiser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.5.1063","article-title":"32P-post-labelling analysis of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in tissues from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy","volume":"18","author":"Bieler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(99)80033-5","article-title":"Aristolactam I a metabolite of aristolochic acid I upon activation forms an adduct found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy","volume":"51","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(01)00188-7","article-title":"Analyses of DNA adducts formed by ochratoxin A and aristolochic acid in patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy","volume":"494","author":"Arlt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.2.313","article-title":"Aristolochic acid binds covalently to the exocyclic amino group of purine nucleotides in DNA","volume":"11","author":"Pfau","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00023a015","article-title":"N6-Adenyl arylation of DNA by aristolochic acid II and a synthetic model for the putative proximate carcinogen","volume":"4","author":"Pfau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib53","first-page":"167","article-title":"Formation and persistence of specific purine DNA adducts by 32P-postlabelling in target and non-target organs of rats treated with aristolochic acid I","volume":"124","author":"Fernando","year":"1993","journal-title":"IARC Sci. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050568","article-title":"Chinese herbs nephropathy-associated slimming regimen induces tumors in the forestomach but no interstitial nephropathy in rats","volume":"72","author":"Cosyns","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.008706","article-title":"Quantitative determination of aristolochic acid-derived DNA adducts in rats using 32P-postlabeling\/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis","volume":"34","author":"Dong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug. Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib56","first-page":"5464","article-title":"Aristolochic acid activates ras genes in rat tumors at deoxyadenosine residues","volume":"50","author":"Schmeiser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.2.235","article-title":"Using polymerase arrest to detect DNA binding specificity of aristolochic acid in the mouse H-ras gene","volume":"21","author":"Arlt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/22.1.133","article-title":"Sequence-specific detection of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts in the human p53 gene by terminal transferase-dependent PCR","volume":"22","author":"Arlt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.11.024","article-title":"DNA adducts and p53 mutations in a patient with aristolochic acid-associated nephropathy","volume":"43","author":"Lord","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308607101","article-title":"Human tumor p53 mutations are selected for in mouse embryonic fibroblasts harboring a humanized p53 gene","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2006.02.017","article-title":"Further studies with a cell immortalization assay to investigate the mutation signature of aristolochic acid in human p53 sequences","volume":"608","author":"Feldmeyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm082","article-title":"Aristolochic acid mutagenesis: molecular clues to the aetiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy-associated urothelial cancer","author":"Arlt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1021\/np50024a001","article-title":"The aristolochic acids and aristolactams","volume":"45","author":"Mix","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258709044197","article-title":"Studies on the metabolism of aristolochic acids I and II","volume":"17","author":"Krumbiegel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2513","article-title":"Study of the phase I and phase II metabolism of nephrotoxin aristolochic acid by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.013979","article-title":"Investigation of the metabolism and reductive activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid in rats","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.1.59","article-title":"Identification and mutagenicity of metabolites of aristolochic acid formed by rat liver","volume":"7","author":"Schmeiser","year":"1986","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850100306","article-title":"Low oxygen tension as found in tissues in vivo, alters the mutagenic activity of aristolochic acid I and II","volume":"10","author":"Maier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(84)90067-3","article-title":"Mutagenicity of the two main components of commercially available carcinogenic aristolochic acid in Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"23","author":"Schmeiser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1135\/cccc19952189","article-title":"Cytochrome P-450 and peroxidase oxidize detoxication products of carcinogeneic aristolochic acids (aristolactams) to reactive metabolites binding to DNA in vitro","volume":"60","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.30.040190.000245","article-title":"Prostaglandin H synthase and xenobiotic oxidation","volume":"30","author":"Eling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(92)90012-O","article-title":"Xenobiotic metabolism by prostaglandin H synthase","volume":"53","author":"Eling","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib73","first-page":"27","article-title":"Metabolic polymorphism and cancer susceptibility","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007445120729","article-title":"Etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: a multifactorial disease?","volume":"14","author":"Toncheva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000075571","article-title":"MDR1 haplotypes modify BEN disease risk: a study in Bulgarian patients with balkan endemic nephropathy compared to healthy controls","volume":"96","author":"Atanasova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephron Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib76","first-page":"384","article-title":"Identification of NQO1 and GSTs genotype frequencies in Bulgarian patients with Blakan endemic nephropathy","volume":"17","author":"Toncheva","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.12.002","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 among patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN)","volume":"38","author":"Atanasova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib78","first-page":"34","article-title":"Genetic studies in BEN and associated urothelial cancers","volume":"30","author":"Toncheva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.5.1055","article-title":"Comparison of DNA adduct formation by aristolochic acids in various in vitro activation systems by 32P-post-labeling: evidence for reductive activation by peroxidases","volume":"18","author":"Schmeiser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib80","first-page":"153","article-title":"Evidence for reductive activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acids by prostaglandin H synthase\u201432P-postlabeling analysis of DNA adduct formation","volume":"493","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1021\/tx010059z","article-title":"Human enzymes involved in the metabolic activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acids: evidence for reductive activation by cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2","volume":"14","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib82","first-page":"375","article-title":"Carcinogenic and nephrotoxic aristolochic acids upon activation by NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase form adducts found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy","volume":"20","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/23.4.617","article-title":"Carcinogenic aristolochic acids upon activation by DT-diaphorase form adducts found in DNA of patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy","volume":"23","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgg119","article-title":"Human cytosolic enzymes involved in the metabolic activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid: evidence for reductive activation by human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase","volume":"24","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.06.038","article-title":"The binding of aristolochic acid I to the active site of human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 explains their potential to reductively activate this human carcinogen","volume":"229","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20564","article-title":"Human hepatic and renal microsomes, cytochromes P450 1A1\/2, NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase and prostaglandin H synthase mediate the formation of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts found in patients with urothelial cancer","volume":"113","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib87","first-page":"5678","article-title":"Sudan I is a potential carcinogen for humans: evidence for its metabolic activation and detoxication by human recombinant cytochrome P450 1A1 and liver microsomes","volume":"62","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3109\/03602539709037591","article-title":"Human cytochrome P450 enzymes: a status report summarizing their reactions, substrates, inducers, and inhibitors","volume":"29","author":"Rendic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib89","first-page":"25","article-title":"Metabolic activation of aristolochic acid","volume":"30","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib90","first-page":"29","article-title":"Molecular genetics and epidemiology of the NAT1 and NAT2 acetylation polymorphisms","volume":"9","author":"Hein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00207-X","article-title":"Human cytosolic sulphotransferases: genetics, characteristics, toxicological aspects","volume":"482","author":"Glatt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21480","article-title":"Human sulphotransferases are involved in the activation of aristolochic acids and are expressed in renal target tissue","volume":"118","author":"Meinl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13480","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212087200","article-title":"Inactivation of the hepatic cytochrome P450 system by conditional deletion of hepatic cytochrome P450 reductase","volume":"278","author":"Henderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1081\/DMR-120026869","article-title":"Knockout mice in xenobiotic metabolism","volume":"35","author":"Henderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5340.1068","article-title":"Environment and cancer: who are susceptible?","volume":"278","author":"Perera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib96","series-title":"Metabolic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Cancer","first-page":"173","article-title":"Human cytochrome P4501A2","author":"Landi","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(99)00039-3","article-title":"Inter-individual differences in the metabolism of environmental toxicants: cytochrome P450 1A2 as a prototype","volume":"428","author":"Guengerich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15361-5","article-title":"The glucocorticoid receptor is essential for drug or steroid induction of CYP3A or P-450 reductase in mouse liver","volume":"28","author":"Schuetz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00199-X","article-title":"NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1): chemoprotection, bioactivation, gene regulation and genetic polymorphisms","volume":"129","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem.-Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib100","first-page":"1","article-title":"DT-diaphorase: a historical review","volume":"27A","author":"Ernster","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chem. Scr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90694-E","article-title":"DT-diaphorase and cancer chemotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Riley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00200-3","article-title":"NRH:Quinone oxidoreductase2 (NQO2)","volume":"129","author":"Long","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. -Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199706000-00008","article-title":"Increased frequency of a null-allele for NAD(P)H\u2014quinone oxidoreductase in patients with urological malignancies","volume":"7","author":"Schulz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib104","first-page":"3045","article-title":"Association of the NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase C-609-T polymorphism with a decreased lung-cancer risk","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib105","first-page":"201","article-title":"Antioxidant regulation of genes enconding enzymes that detoxify xenobiotics and carcinogens","volume":"36","author":"Dhakshinamoorthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Cell. Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90288-7","article-title":"The role of specific reductases in the intracellular activation and binding of 2-nitroimidazoles","volume":"29","author":"Joseph","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib107","first-page":"61","article-title":"Mechanism of induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase","volume":"27A","author":"Talalay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chem. Scr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.6.2581","article-title":"The quinone reductase gene\u2014a unique receptor-regulated gene that is activated by antiestrogens","volume":"94","author":"Montano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25443","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.39.25443","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the human quinone reductase gene by antiestrogen-liganded estrogen receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-beta","volume":"273","author":"Montano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(89)90182-1","article-title":"Regulation of the mammalian cytochrome P1-450 (CYP1A1) gene","volume":"3","author":"Nebert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1135\/cccc20010959","article-title":"Isolation of DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)) from rat liver cytosol: identification of new enzyme substrates, carcinogenic aristolochic acids","volume":"66","author":"Stiborov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.2.803","article-title":"Prevalence of the inactivating 609C \u2192 T polymorphism in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene in patients with primary and therapy-related myeloid leukaemia","volume":"94","author":"Larson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.7.1235","article-title":"Association of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) null with numbers of basal cell carcinomas use of a multivariate model to rank the relative importance of this polymorphism and those at other relevant loci","volume":"20","author":"Clairmont","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003_bib114","first-page":"4095","article-title":"A lack of functional NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase allele is selectively associated with pediatric leukemias that have MLL fusions. United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators","volume":"59","author":"Wiemels","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Mutation Research\/Reviews in Mutation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383574207000282?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383574207000282?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T10:13:50Z","timestamp":1761300830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383574207000282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1383574207000282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-5742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-5742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolic activation of carcinogenic aristolochic acid, a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mutation Research\/Reviews in Mutation Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.07.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}