{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:34:10Z","timestamp":1791408850192,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005117","name":"Birjand University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005117","name":"Birjand University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T02:22:16Z","timestamp":1539570136000},"page":"151-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Blood lead levels and multiple sclerosis: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Dehghanifiroozabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Noferesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Amirabadizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Nakhaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Aaseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Noorbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1070-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Mehrpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.12.001","article-title":"Serum chemical elements and oxidative status in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Alimonti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12855","article-title":"Clinical aspects of opium adulterated with lead in Iran: a review","volume":"122","author":"Alinejad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0003","first-page":"825","article-title":"Blood concentrations of cadmium and lead in multiple sclerosis patients from Iran","volume":"15","author":"Aliomrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J Pharm. Res: IJPR"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2934-5","article-title":"Correlation between heavy metal exposure and GSTM1 polymorphism in Iranian multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"38","author":"Aliomrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0005","first-page":"2759","article-title":"Comparison of serum concentration of Se, Pb, Mg, Cu, Zn, between MS patients and healthy controls","volume":"8","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electron. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9239-y","article-title":"Serum mercury level and multiple sclerosis","volume":"146","author":"Attar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"169","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0007","first-page":"622","article-title":"Lead and multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"BRUotRCoG","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Gen. Pract."},{"issue":"9648","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Compston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.4557","article-title":"Lead poisoning-induced hypertensive crisis managed by prazosin: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Dadpour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1019-2","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of familial recurrence of multiple sclerosis in Iran: a population based study of Tehran registry 1999\u20132015","volume":"18","author":"Eskandarieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12543","article-title":"Soil heavy metals are associated with the distribution of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran","volume":"134","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1159\/000355140","article-title":"Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Iran: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-9130.2017.00057.3","article-title":"Lead toxicity among oral opium addicts with abdominal pain: a case series of 17 cases","volume":"11","author":"Farzaneh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317518794032","article-title":"Comparison of blood lead levels in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and healthy people","author":"Fathabadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0015","first-page":"213","article-title":"Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Forte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annali Dell'istituto Superiore Di Sanita"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0016","first-page":"69","article-title":"Blood lead levels in asymptomatic opium addict patients; a case control study","volume":"5","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emergency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0017","first-page":"40","article-title":"Investigation the amount of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium levels in serum of Iranian multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"8","author":"Ghoreishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharma. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-017-0127-0","article-title":"Lead poisoning among opium users in Iran: an emerging health hazard","volume":"12","author":"Hayatbakhsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.03.001","article-title":"Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease","volume":"283","author":"Jomova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0020","first-page":"834","article-title":"Repeated administration of mercury intensifies brain damage in multiple sclerosis through mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Kahrizi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharma. Res.: IJPR"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000089625","article-title":"Lead exposure as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Kamel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"issue":"275","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0022","article-title":"The Relationship of Concentrations of Lead and Zinc and Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan Province, Iran","volume":"32","author":"Khosravi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Isfahan Med. Sch."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70064-8","article-title":"The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Koch-Henriksen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.168","article-title":"Progressive multiple sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Lassmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800255a","article-title":"Epidemiology: multiple sclerosis, dental caries and fillings: a case-control study","volume":"187","author":"McGrother","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. Dental J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-20-8","article-title":"Chronic lead poisoning in Iran; a silent disease","volume":"20","author":"Mehrpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Daru"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5217-3","article-title":"Bio-accumulation of some heavy metals in blood serum of residents in Isfahan and Shiraz, Iran","volume":"188","author":"Moradi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.10.003","article-title":"Time-trend analysis and developing a forecasting model for the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwest of Iran","volume":"154","author":"Mousavizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2014.937381","article-title":"Heavy metals, organic solvents, and multiple sclerosis: an exploratory look at gene-environment interactions","volume":"71","author":"Napier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0030","series-title":"A Primer of Neuroimmunological Disease","article-title":":","author":"Pachner","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130302","article-title":"New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols","volume":"13","author":"Poser","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0032","first-page":"412","article-title":"The relationship between blood lead levels and clinical features among multiple sclerosis patients in Isfahan, Iran","volume":"3","author":"Razavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Health Saf. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90327-1","article-title":"Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may be an etilological factor in multiple sclerosis","volume":"142","author":"Siblerud","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90051-5","article-title":"Lead concentrations in blood, plasma, erythrocytes, and cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Stober","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65911","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065911","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis incidence associated with the soil lead and arsenic concentrations in Taiwan","volume":"8","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.01.008","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis prevalence and possible lead exposure","volume":"269","author":"Turabelidze","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01999568","article-title":"Lead, cadmium, and selenium in the blood of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Vinceti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ital. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02916537","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Ward NI","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(01)83523-6","article-title":"Comparison of three analytical methods for the determination of trace elements in whole blood","volume":"110","author":"Ward","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034818303729?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034818303729?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:46:28Z","timestamp":1761900388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034818303729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2211034818303729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blood lead levels and multiple sclerosis: A case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}