{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:08:56Z","timestamp":1793725736708,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T10:08:59Z","timestamp":1558606139000},"page":"70-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Susceptibility-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune central nervous system vasculitis and multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xuehong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2118-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132812Y.0000000048","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of SWI venography for detection of cerebral venous alterations in multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Beggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.016194","article-title":"Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of parenchymal, meningeal, and vascular lesions at baseline","volume":"48","author":"Boulouis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160952","article-title":"Abnormalities of Cerebral Deep Medullary Veins on 7 Tesla MRI in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease: a Pilot Study","volume":"57","author":"Bouvy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis. JAD"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv162","article-title":"Cortical superficial siderosis: detection and clinical significance in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related conditions","volume":"138","author":"Charidimou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000435298.80023.7a","article-title":"Cortical superficial siderosis and intracerebral hemorrhage risk in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"81","author":"Charidimou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1183","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005256","article-title":"Value of the central vein sign at 3T to differentiate MS from seropositive NMOSD","volume":"90","author":"Cortese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3719-y","article-title":"Veins in plaques of multiple sclerosis patients - a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study at 7 Tesla","volume":"25","author":"Dal-Bianco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6240-5","article-title":"A differential diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: beyond multiple sclerosis","volume":"259","author":"Eckstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.03.010","article-title":"Investigation of cerebral microbleeds in multiple sclerosis as a potential marker of blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Eisele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0973-9","article-title":"Primary central nervous system vasculitis: pathology and mechanisms","volume":"123","author":"Giannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-010-0102-6","article-title":"The role of imaging in the diagnosis of central nervous system vasculitis","volume":"10","author":"Gomes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1400","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1","volume":"30","author":"Haacke","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.007","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of central nervous system vasculitis","volume":"48\u201349","author":"Hajj-Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390389","article-title":"CNS vasculitis","volume":"34","author":"John","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2791-4","article-title":"The \"central vein sign\": is there a place for susceptibility weighted imaging in possible multiple sclerosis?","volume":"23","author":"Kau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513491329","article-title":"Limited utility of current MRI criteria for distinguishing multiple sclerosis from common mimickers: primary and secondary CNS vasculitis, lupus and Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.02.008","article-title":"Presence of central veins and susceptibility weighted imaging for evaluating lesions in multiple sclerosis and leukoaraiosis","volume":"13","author":"Lamot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0736-z","article-title":"Presence of a central vein within white matter lesions on susceptibility weighted imaging: a specific finding for multiple sclerosis?","volume":"53","author":"Lummel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.2.7824728","article-title":"Periventricular venous collagenosis: association with leukoaraiosis","volume":"194","author":"Moody","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.02.005","article-title":"The effect of venous anatomy on the morphology of multiple sclerosis lesions: a susceptibility-weighted imaging study","volume":"71","author":"Oztoprak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria","volume":"69","author":"Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00098","article-title":"An MRI Marker of MS?","volume":"4","author":"Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2010.00516.x","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging of the brain: current utility and potential applications","volume":"21","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003281","article-title":"Cortical superficial siderosis predicts early recurrent lobar hemorrhage","volume":"87","author":"Roongpiboonsopit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.170","article-title":"Brain involvement in systemic immune mediated diseases: magnetic resonance and magnetisation transfer imaging study","volume":"68","author":"Rovaris","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30594","article-title":"Primary central nervous system vasculitis presenting with intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"63","author":"Salvarani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e738","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000738","article-title":"An update of the Mayo Clinic cohort of patients with adult primary central nervous system vasculitis: description of 163 patients","volume":"94","author":"Salvarani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"9843","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60069-5","article-title":"Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis","volume":"380","author":"Salvarani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5327","article-title":"In vivo imaging of venous side cerebral small-vessel disease in older adults: an MRI method at 7T","volume":"38","author":"Shaaban","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0030","first-page":"1039","article-title":"MR venography of multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.064","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging for differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular pathology: a pictorial review","volume":"287","author":"Tsui","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2831-8","article-title":"Primary and secondary central nervous system vasculitis: clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, neuroimaging, and treatment analysis","volume":"34","author":"Vera-Lastra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.002","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: current and emerging disease-modifying therapies and treatment strategies","volume":"89","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016833","article-title":"Cortical superficial siderosis in different types of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"48","author":"Wollenweber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-128","article-title":"Decreased brain venous vasculature visibility on susceptibility-weighted imaging venography in patients with multiple sclerosis is related to chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency","volume":"11","author":"Zivadinov","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160060","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds in multiple sclerosis evaluated on susceptibility-weighted images and quantitative susceptibility maps: a case-control study","volume":"281","author":"Zivadinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034819302160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034819302160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:44:51Z","timestamp":1761900291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034819302160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2211034819302160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune central nervous system vasculitis and multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}