{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T21:05:59Z","timestamp":1768079159665,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T02:20:21Z","timestamp":1594952421000},"page":"102404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Health economics and patient outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus disease-modifying therapies for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in the United States of America"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0922-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard K","family":"Burt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Tappenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Arnautovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Sharrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Snowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt182","article-title":"Non-myeloablative autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation expands regulatory cells and depletes IL-17 producing mucosal-associated invariant T cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"136","author":"Abrahamsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2013.778268","article-title":"The cost burden of multiple sclerosis in the United States: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Adelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0240-x","article-title":"Effect of peginterferon beta-1a on MRI measures and achieving no evidence of disease activity: results from a randomized controlled trial in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Arnold","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arroyo R., Bury D.P., Guo J.D., Margolin D.H., Melanson M., Daizadeh N., Cella D. Impact of alemtuzumab on health-related quality of life over 6\u2009years in CARE-MS II trial extension patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. J.. 2019May 30;1352458519849796 [Epub ahead of print).","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519849796"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5486","article-title":"Disease activity free status: a new end point for a new era in multiple sclerosis clinical research?","volume":"71","author":"Bevan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307207","article-title":"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: the Swedish experience","volume":"85","author":"Burman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18743","article-title":"Effect of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs continued disease-modifying therapy on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical Trial","volume":"321","author":"Burt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17986","article-title":"Association of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with neurological disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"313","author":"Burt","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70017-1","article-title":"Autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase I\/II study","volume":"8","author":"Burt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306936","article-title":"Belachew S Efficacy and safety of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: interim observational programme results. TYSABRI Observational Program (TOP) Investigators","volume":"85","author":"Butzkueven","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318228","article-title":"Effects of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies on employment measures using patient-reported data","volume":"89","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","article-title":"CARE-MS I investigators. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta1a as first line treatment for patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclereosis: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","article-title":"CARE-MS II investigators. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Coles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23784","article-title":"Diminished Th17 (not Th1) responses underlie multiple sclerosis disease abrogation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"73","author":"Darlington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508096875","article-title":"Early highly aggressive MS successfully treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Fagius","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70023-0","article-title":"CLARITY study group. Sustained disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets in the CLARITY study: a post-hoc and subgroup analysis","volume":"10","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0566-3","article-title":"Economics and cost-effectiveness of multiple sclerosis therapies in thE USA","volume":"14","author":"Hartung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics: J. Am. Soc. Exper. Neurotherapeu."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2445","article-title":"Addressing the rising prices of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis","author":"Hartung","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001608","article-title":"Whitham RH The cost of multiple sclerosis drugs in the US and the pharmaceutical industry too big to fail?","volume":"84","author":"Hartung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277","article-title":"OPERA I and OPERA II Clinical Investigators. Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"376","author":"Hauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0022","article-title":"No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) analysis by epochs in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab vs interferon beta-1a.","volume":"4","author":"Havrdov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. - Exper., Translat. Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70021-3","article-title":"Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the natalizumab safety and efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (AFFIRM) study","volume":"8","author":"Havrdova","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Lancet. Neurol.."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13272","article-title":"Marantz JL Effect of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on no evidence of disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: integrated analysis of the phase III define and confirm studies","volume":"24","author":"Havrdova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200018050-00001","article-title":"The concept of clinically meaningful difference in health-related quality-of-life research","volume":"18","author":"Hays","year":"2000","journal-title":"PharmacoeconomicsPharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0026","article-title":"Assessment of definitions of sustained disease progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"2013","author":"Healy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1012","article-title":"Changes in list prices, net prices, and discounts for branded drugs in the US, 2007-2018","volume":"323","author":"Hernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140095","article-title":"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation reduces abnormalities in the expression of immune genes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"I de Paula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0028","series-title":"Paper Presented at: 63rd Annual American Academy of Neurology Meeting","article-title":"Fingolimod treatment increases the proportion of patients who are free from disease activity in multiple sclerosis: results from a phase 3, placebo-controlled study (FREEDOMS)","volume":"9","author":"Kappos","year":"2011"},{"issue":"78 (1 Supplement)","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0029","article-title":"Jeffrey Cohen Fingolimod treatment increases the proportion of patients who are free from disease activity in multiple sclerosis compared to IFN-B1A: results from a phase 3, active-controlled study (TRANSFORMS)","volume":"25","author":"Khatri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000218309.01322.5c","article-title":"Costs and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a cross sectional study in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Kobelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeurologyNeurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70064-8","article-title":"The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Koch-Henriksen","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet. Neurol.."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lublin F.D., Cofield S.S., Cutter G.R., Conwit R., Narayana P.A., Nelson F., Salter A.R., Gustafson T., Wolinsky J.S., CombiRx Investigators. Randomized study combining interferon and glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis Annals of neurology. 2013Mar;73(3):327\u201340.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23863"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3780","article-title":"High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell trasnplantationfor relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (HALT-MS): a 3-year interim report","volume":"72","author":"Nash","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"343","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"The New Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1 Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0036","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Perspectives for managed care organizations on the burden of multiple sclerosis and the cost-benefits of disease-modifying therapies","volume":"19","author":"Owens","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Manage. Care Pharm."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044397","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Polman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria","volume":"69","author":"Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"The New Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3537","article-title":"Evaluation of no evidence of disease activity in a 7-year longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort","volume":"72","author":"Rotstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21163","article-title":"AFFIRM and SENTINEL Investigators. Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: effects of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis","volume":"62","author":"Rudick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044396","article-title":"Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1 for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Rudick","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516645670","article-title":"NEDA status in highly active MS can be more easily obtained with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than other drugs","volume":"23","author":"Sormani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0044","unstructured":"Tice J.A., Chapman R., Kumar V., et\u00a0al. Disease-modifying therapies for relapsing- remitting and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis: effectiveness and value. final evidence report california technology assessment forum. March 6, 2017. https:\/\/icer-review.org\/announcements\/final-ms-report\/."},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0045","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and disease progression associated with multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Tullman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Manag. Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404_bib0046","article-title":"US multiple sclerosis prevalence workgroup","volume":"92","author":"Wallin","year":"2019","journal-title":"The prevalence of MS in the United States: A population-based estimate using health claims data Neurol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221103482030479X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221103482030479X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:53:25Z","timestamp":1761900805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221103482030479X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S221103482030479X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health economics and patient outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus disease-modifying therapies for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in the United States of America","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102404","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102404"}}